The city is a rising commercial and industrial centre in the southeastern area of Shanxi. In 2011, its GDP ranked 1st out of 11 prefecture-level cities in the province.[2] According to the latest census, in 2020 the city was home to 3,180,884 residents whom 1,214,940 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Luzhou and Shangdang Districts. The other 2 urban districts Tunliu and Lucheng are not conurbated yet.
History
In ancient times the area around Changzhi (Including Jincheng) was known as Shangdang.[3] Changzhi was the site of the Shangdang Campaign, the first battle between the Kuomintang and the People's Liberation Army after the end of World War II. The campaign began in August 1945 and lasted until October. It began when the local Shanxi warlord, Yan Xishan, attempted to retake the region from Communist forces. Yan's forces were eventually defeated by an army led by Liu Bocheng, who was later named one of China's Ten Great Marshals. Liu's political commissar was Deng Xiaoping, who later became China's "paramount leader". The campaign ended with the complete destruction of Yan's army (Jingsui army, 晋绥军), most of which joined the Communists after surrendering. Following the Shangdang Campaign, the Communists remained in control of the region until they won the civil war in 1949.[3]
Administrative divisions
Map including Changzhi (labeled as CH'ANG-CHIH (LUAN) (walled) 長治) (AMS, 1955)
Changzhi is located in southeastern Shanxi province, along the southern section of the Taihang Mountains.[4] The majority of the city's area is mountainous, and much of the remaining geography is hilly in nature.[4] The average elevation in the city is approximately 1,000 metres (3,300ft) above sea level, with prominent peaks including Liyu Mountain (Chinese:历峪山; pinyin:Lìyù Shān) and Shigao Mountain (Chinese:石膏山; pinyin:Shígāo Shān), reaching 2,012 metres (6,601ft) and 2,541 metres (8,337ft) above sea level, respectively.[4]
Climate
Changzhi has a rather dry, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (KöppenDwa),[5] with cold and very dry winters, and very warm, somewhat humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −4.7°C (23.5°F) in January to 22.5°C (72.5°F) in July, and the annual mean is 9.89°C (49.8°F). Typifying the influence of the East Asian Monsoon, a majority of the annual 547 millimetres (21.5in) of precipitation occurs from June to August.
In 2013, a major chemical spill occurred at a fertilizer plant in Changzhi operated by Tianji Coal Chemical Industry Group, polluting major waterways in the region, and impacting areas downstream, such as the city of Handan.[10] Government officials in Handan blamed the city government of Changzhi for covering up the spill for five days, and remaining silent on the spill for the subsequent two months.[10] In February 2013, the Xinhua News Agency announced the results of an official investigation into the spill, resulting in the punishment of 39 people, including then-mayor of Changzhi, Zhang Bao, who was removed from his position.[10]
In 2019, officials from the Shanxi Provincial Government publicly reprimanded officials from seven cities within the province, including Changzhi, following a noticeable spike in pollution.[11]
1 2 Lew, Christopher R. The Third Chinese Revolutionary War, 1945-1949: An Analysis of Communist Strategy and Leadership. The USA and Canada: Routelage. 2009, p.22–23. ISBN0-415-77730-5
1 2 3 4 5 6 地理位置[Geographic Position] (in Chinese). Changzhi Municipal People's Government. 2013-12-18. Archived from the original on 2017-06-06. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
↑ Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A.: Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1633-1644, doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007, 2007.
↑ 山西里程最长的高速公路长临高速预计10月全线通车[Shanxi’s longest expressway, Changlin Expressway, is expected to open to traffic in October]. The Paper (in Chinese). 2018-08-06. Archived from the original on 2021-06-03. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
Shanxi is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the North China region. The capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-level cities are Changzhi and Datong. Its one-character abbreviation is "晋", after the state of Jin that existed there during the Spring and Autumn period.
Taiyuan is the capital and largest city of Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China. It is one of the main manufacturing bases of China. Throughout its long history, Taiyuan was the capital or provisional capital of many dynasties in China, hence the name Lóngchéng.
Jin is a proposed group of varieties of Chinese spoken by roughly 63 million people in northern China, including most of Shanxi province, much of central Inner Mongolia, and adjoining areas in Hebei, Henan, and Shaanxi provinces. The status of Jin is disputed among linguists; some prefer to include it within Mandarin, but others set it apart as a closely related, but separate sister-group.
Lucheng is a District in Changzhi, in south-eastern Shanxi province of the People's Republic of China. As a division of Changzhi City, it covers an area of 615 km² and has a population of 210,000. Lucheng's economy is driven by coal industry and limestone mining.
Linfen is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Shanxi province, People's Republic of China, bordering Shaanxi province to the west. It is situated along the banks of the Fen River. It has an area of 20,275 square kilometres (7,828 sq mi) and according to the 2020 Census, a population of 3,976,481 inhabitants of which 959,198 live in the built-up area made up of Yaodu urban district. The GDP of Linfen ranked second in Shanxi Province. It was known as Pingyang (平陽) during the Spring and Autumn period. In 2006, the American Blacksmith Institute listed Linfen as one of the ten most polluted cities in the world.
Jincheng is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of Shanxi province, China, bordering Henan province to the south and southeast. It is an industrial city in an area where coal mining is an important industry. The entire city has a population of 2.2 million.
Hongtong County is a county in the southwest of Shanxi Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Linfen. The county spans an area of 1,494 square kilometers, and has a population of approximately 766,579 as of 2019.
The Shangdang Campaign was a series of battles fought between People's Liberation Army troops led by Liu Bocheng and Kuomintang troops led by Yan Xishan in what is now Shanxi Province, China. The campaign lasted from 10 September 1945, through 12 October 1945. Like all other Chinese Communist victories in the clashes immediately after Imperial Japan's surrender in World War II, the outcome of this campaign altered the course of the peace negotiation held in Chongqing from 28 August 1945, through 11 October 1945, resulting in a more favourable outcome for Mao Zedong.
Lucheng may refer to the following locations in China:
Kelan County is a county in Xinzhou Prefecture, in the northwest of Shanxi Province, China. The Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center is located in this county.
She County, or Shexian, is a county of southwestern Hebei Province, China, located on the lower reaches of the Zhang River and bordering Shanxi to the west and Henan to the south. It is under the administration of the Handan City, with a population of 400,000 residing in an area of 1,509 km2 (583 sq mi).
Shangdang District, formerly Changzhi County, is a district in southeastern Shanxi province, China. It is under the administration of Changzhi city, and is located in southern Changzhi.
Tunliu is a district of the city of Changzhi, Shanxi province, China. Lord Chang'an, Chengjiao, brother of Qin Shi Huang, died here.
Shangdang Commandery or Shangdang Prefecture was an administrative subdivision of ancient China from the time of the Spring and Autumn period. Consisting of a number of districts or Zhōu (州), the prefecture covered roughly the area of modern-day Changzhi City in south east Shanxi Province.
The Taiyuan–Jiaozuo or Taijiao railway, is a major trunkline railroad in northern China. The railway is named after its terminal cities, Taiyuan in Shanxi Province and Jiaozuo in Henan Province. The line, 434 km (270 mi) in length, lies mainly in Shanxi, running from Taiyuan in the center of the province to Jincheng in the southeast corner. Jiaozuo is just across the southern border from Shanxi in northern Henan. The Taijiao railway was built from 1970 to 1978. Major cities and towns along route include Taiyuan, Yuci, Jinzhong, Changzhi and Jincheng.
The Handan–Changzhi railway or Hanchang railway, is a major railroad in northern China for the transportation of coal. The railway is named after its terminal cities, Handan in Hebei Province and Changzhi in Shanxi Province. The line is 221.7 km (138 mi) in length and was built from 1971 to 1983.
Qin Jianxiao is a former Chinese politician from Shanxi. During his career he has served as the Mayor of Gaoping, the Communist Party Secretary of Qinshui County, and the Party Secretary of Zezhou County. In September 2014, Qin was placed under investigation by the Communist Party's anti-corruption agency; he was removed from office and expelled from the party in November 2014.
The Shanxi–Henan–Shandong railway or the Jinyulu railway, also known as the Shanxi South Central railway or the Watang–Rizhao railway, is an electrified double-track heavy freight railway across northern China. The line runs 1,260 km (780 mi) from the village of Watang in Lüliang, Shanxi Province to the port of Rizhao in Shandong Province, and is named after the three provinces through which it passes Jin (Shanxi), Yu (Henan) and Lu (Shandong). The line is the world's longest heavy freight railway and is designed to facilitate the export of coal from Shanxi to overseas markets. The line can accommodate train speeds of up to 120 km/h (75 mph). Cities along route include Lüliang, Liulin, Hongdong, Changzhi and Pingshun in Shanxi; Linzhou, Anyang, Tangyin, Puyang, Hebi, Fan County and Taiqian County in Henan; Liangshan County, Dongping, Ningyang, Xintai, Laiwu, Yiyuan, Yishui, Ju County, Junan and Rizhao in Shandong. The line was built from 2010 to 2014 and operations began on December 30, 2014.
The Xishan Society was an association consisting of prominent politicians from Shanxi province in China. The group was formed sometime around 2007, and was described as a "loose alliance" between officials and businesspeople, and allegedly operated somewhat like a secret society. The society is discussed at length in Datieji, a book by journalist Luo Changping about the investigation into former economic official Liu Tienan.
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