| Mangifera 'Chaunsa' | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Genus | Mangifera |
| Species | Mangifera indica |
Chaunsa (Urdu: چونسا ; Bhojpuri: चउसा Hindi: चौंसा), also known as chausa, is a mango cultivar indigenous to South Asia. It is grown mainly in India and Pakistan; both countries export significant quantities of the fruit. [1] [2]
The main centers of chaunsa cultivation are the states of Bihar & Uttar Pradesh in India and Rahim Yar Khan and Multan in Pakistani province of Punjab.
The Chausa mango, also known as Bahist-e-Samar ("Mango of Paradise"), was first grafted on a large scale by Abdul Hameed Khan Malihabadi of Malihabad, India. His son, Dr. Sami Khan 'Azad' Malihabadi, later migrated to Pakistan and was instrumental in introducing this mango variety there. The first plantations in Pakistan were established in the Sindh region.
The chaunsa variety of mango was made popular by the Indian ruler Sher Shah Suri while commemorating his victory over Humayun at Chausa, Bihar. Suri ultimately named his favorite mango "chaunsa" to honor his victory. [3] [4] [1] The mango was also known as the Ghazipuriya mango due to its early large-scale cultivation in Ghazipur. [5]
The fruit has a golden-yellow color when it is soft, is almost fiberless, and has an aromatic, pleasant, sweet flavor. Commonly available varieties in Pakistan are greenish-yellow. The unique taste and richness in its flavor makes it a worldwide favorite. Some consider it the best mango in terms of its rich aroma, sweet taste, juicy pulp and high nutritional value. [6] Chaunsas have higher vitamin C content than other mango cultivars. [7]
Chaunsa season in India and Pakistan normally starts at the beginning of June and ends in the third week of August. It is heavily exported to the Middle East, Europe, Canada, and most recently to the United States. Prior to its availability in the U.S., some American chaunsa aficionados would travel to Canada in order to legally purchase the mango. [8] [9] There are four known types of chaunsa mangoes: Mosami Chaunsa (Summer Bahisht), Kala Chaunsa (Black), Safaid chaunsa (White) and Azeem Chaunsa (Rattewala). White chaunsa is generally considered ideal for exports due to its longer shelf life.
A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica. It originated from the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. M. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times resulting in two types of modern mango cultivars: the "Indian type" and the "Southeast Asian type". Other species in the genus Mangifera also produce edible fruits that are also called "mangoes", the majority of which are found in the Malesian ecoregion.
The bell pepper is the fruit of plants in the Grossum Group of the species Capsicum annuum. Cultivars of the plant produce fruits in different colors, including red, yellow, orange, green, white, chocolate, candy cane striped, and purple. Bell peppers are sometimes grouped with less pungent chili varieties as "sweet peppers". While they are botanically fruits—classified as berries—they are commonly used as a vegetable ingredient or side dish. Other varieties of the genus Capsicum are categorized as chili peppers when they are cultivated for their pungency, including some varieties of Capsicum annuum.
Salak is a species of palm tree native to Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. It is cultivated in other regions of Indonesia as a food crop, and reportedly naturalized in Bali, Lombok, Timor, Maluku, and Sulawesi.
Annona reticulata is a small deciduous or semi-evergreen tree in the plant family Annonaceae. It is best known for its fruit, called custard apple, a common name shared with fruits of several other species in the same genus: A. cherimola and A. squamosa. Other English common names include ox heart and bullock's heart. The fruit is sweet and useful in preparation of desserts, but is generally less popular for eating than that of A. cherimola.
Kadhi or karhi is a yogurt-based dish originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is made by simmering yogurt with besan and Indian spices until it forms a thick, tangy gravy. Sometimes, it is also mixed with pakoras. It is often eaten with cooked rice or roti.
Malihabad is a town and nagar panchayat in the Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is also the seat of a tehsil and a community development block of the same name. As of 2011, its population was 17,818, in 3,032 households. Malihabad is the largest of Uttar Pradesh's 14 designated mango belts and accounted for 12.5% of all mango production in the state in 2013. Hundreds of mango varieties are grown here, including the Chausa, Langda, Safeda, and most famously the Dasheri, the "king of mangoes" of which it is one of India's main producers and exporters. Mango grower and Padma Shri recipient Haji Kaleem Ullah Khan has contributed to the popularization of Malihabad's mango industry.
The Dasheri mango is a mango cultivar which originated in a village near Kakori in Lucknow district in 18th century. It is a sweet and fragrant variety of mango grown in North India, the southern state Andhra Pradesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. Malihabad in Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer.
The International Mango Festival, held annually in Delhi, India during early summer, is a two-day festival showcasing mangoes. It has been held since 1987.
Banganapalle mangoes is a mango variety produced in Banganapalle of Nandyal District in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It alone occupies 70% percent of total mango cultivable area of the state and was first introduced by the farmers of Banaganapalli. It was registered as one of the geographical indication from Andhra Pradesh on 3 May 2017, under horticultural products by Geographical Indication Registry. It is also grown in the other parts of India and Pakistan. The fruit is described as obliquely oval in shape, around 20cm in length, with yellow flesh and a thin, smooth yellow skin. The flesh is of a firm, meaty texture and is sweet and lacks fibre. The cultivar is the most sought after in Andhra Pradesh. It is a very late-season variety that is good for canning. This cultivar is a source of vitamin A & C and is also called king of Mangoes.
Satui or Sattu is a type of flour, mainly used in Nepal, India, Tibet and Pakistan. Satui is a type of flour made up of dry roasted and ground pulses and cereals. The dry powder is prepared in various ways as a principal or secondary ingredient of dishes. Satui is used in vegetarian cuisine as it can be a source of protein.
The 'Irwin' mango is a commercial mango cultivar which was developed in South Florida. This variety has a smooth bright red colored fruit with sweet aroma along with juicy pulp. TSS was measured above 20%.
The 'Kensington Pride' mango is a named commercial mango cultivar that originated in Australia. It is sometimes called the KP, Bowen or Bowen special. It is Australia's most popular mango, accounting for over 80% of the country's annual commercial mango market. It is considered to have a distinctive flavour and aroma when compared with the Florida-bred cultivars grown by most mango-exporting countries.
Malgova' or Malgoa is an important mango cultivar mainly grown in Tamilnadu, Kerala and Karnataka and also in other parts of South India. It is a large round fruit, it has a small hard seed inside and is very juicy and fragrant. It is generally considered to be one of the best mangoes. Its production area is centred on the districts of Salem, Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, as well as neighbouring parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
The 'Langra' mango, also known as Benarasi Langra, is a mango cultivar that was first cultivated in Banaras in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India 250 to 300 years ago. Apart from Uttar Pradesh, it is also grown in the states of Bihar and West Bengal, as well in the neighbouring country Bangladesh. In some part of northern India and in Bihar 'Langra' mango is also known as 'Malda Mango', referring to the town of Malda in West Bengal and Digha, Patna region in Patna district. It is referred to as the 'king of the mangoes'.
The Lakshmanbhog is a mango with very sweet taste, which is grown and harvested in the Indian state of West Bengal. Since 2008, the term Malda Laxman Bhog Mango is a registered geographical indication referring to the product—the Laxmanbhog mango—produced within Malda district. Apart from West Bengal, this mango is cultivated in Bihar and the neighboring country of Bangladesh. Mangoes are almost fibreless and agreeable in flavor; attractive orange yellow in color and very sweet in taste.
The 'Gir Kesar' mango, also called Kesar, is a mango cultivar grown in the foothills of Girnar in Gujarat, western India. The mango is known for its bright orange colored pulp and was given the geographical indication status in 2011. The biggest market of Gir Kesar is in Talala Gir known as a Mango Market Yard.
Haji Kalimullah Khan, popularly known as Mango man, is an Indian horticulturist and fruit breeder, known for his accomplishments in breeding mangoes and other fruits. He is known to have grown over 300 different varieties of mangoes on a single tree, using grafting techniques. Born in Malihabad, near Lucknow in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, Khan dropped out of school at 7th standard and took to the family business of farming. Using the asexual propagation technique of grafting, he has developed several new varieties of mangoes, some of which has been named after celebrities and political leader such as Sachin Tendulkar, Aishwarya Rai, Akhilesh Yadav, Sonia Gandhi, Narendra Modi, Amit Shah etc. Anarkali, a variety of mango developed by him is reported to have two different skins and two different layers of pulp, each having a different taste. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2008, for his contributions to horticulture.
Anwar Ratol is a small, yellow variety of mango known for its sweetness and fiberlessness. It is sometimes called the 'mini powerhouse'. It is cultivated in the Punjab and Sindh regions of Pakistan, and near the village of Rataul in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is very sweet in taste with less fiber.
The 'Malihabadi Dusseheri' mango, is a mango cultivar primarily grown in the town of Malihabad, Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The Malihabadi Dusseheri mangoes are unique from the Dussehri variety grown elsewhere in India.
The 'Rataul' mango, is a mango cultivar primarily grown in Rataul of Baghpat district, Uttar Pradesh, India.
