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Intact dilation and extraction is a surgical procedure that removes an intact fetus from the uterus. The procedure is used both after miscarriages and for abortions in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) was a United States federal law passed by the 104th United States Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton on September 21,1996. It banned federal recognition of same-sex marriage by limiting the definition of marriage to the union of one man and one woman,and it further allowed states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states.
The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 is a United States law prohibiting a form of late termination of pregnancy called "partial-birth abortion",referred to in medical literature as intact dilation and extraction. Under this law,any physician "who,in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce,knowingly performs a partial-birth abortion and thereby kills a human fetus shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 2 years,or both". The law was enacted in 2003,and in 2007 its constitutionality was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Gonzales v. Carhart.
United States v. X-Citement Video,Inc.,513 U.S. 64 (1994),was a federal criminal prosecution filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California in Los Angeles against X-Citement Video and its owner,Rubin Gottesman,on three charges of trafficking in child pornography,specifically videos featuring the underaged Traci Lords. In 1989,a federal judge found Gottesman guilty and later sentenced him to one year in jail and a $100,000 fine.
James Harvie Wilkinson III is an American jurist who serves as a United States circuit judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. His name has been raised at several junctures in the past as a possible nominee to the United States Supreme Court.
John Glover Roberts Jr. is an American lawyer and jurist who is serving as the 17th chief justice of the United States since 2005. He has been described as having a moderate conservative judicial philosophy,though he is primarily an institutionalist. He has shown a willingness to work with the Supreme Court's liberal bloc,and has been regarded as a swing vote on the Court.
Gonzales v. Carhart,550 U.S. 124 (2007),was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003. The case reached the high court after U.S. Attorney General,Alberto Gonzales,appealed a ruling of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit in favor of LeRoy Carhart that struck down the Act. Also before the Supreme Court was the consolidated appeal of Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit,whose ruling had the same effect as that of the Eighth Circuit.
Sandra Segal Ikuta is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
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Gill et al. v. Office of Personnel Management,682 F.3d 1 is a United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit decision that affirmed the judgment of the District Court for the District of Massachusetts in a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA),the section that defines the term "marriage" as "a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife" and "spouse" as "a person of the opposite sex who is a husband or a wife."
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United States v. Windsor,570 U.S. 744 (2013),is a landmark United States Supreme Court civil rights case concerning same-sex marriage. The Court held that Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA),which denied federal recognition of same-sex marriages,was a violation of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.
Golinski v. Office of Personnel Management,824 F. Supp. 2d 968,was a lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The plaintiff,Karen Golinski,challenged the constitutionality of section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA),which defined,for the purposes of federal law,marriage as being between one man and one woman,and spouse as a husband or wife of the opposite sex.
Cardona v. Shinseki was an appeal brought in the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims (CAVC) of a decision by the Board of Veterans' Appeals upholding the denial of service-connected disability benefits for the dependent wife of a female veteran. The United States Department of Veterans Affairs denied the disability benefits based on the definition of "spouse" as "a person of the opposite sex" under federal statute. On March 11,2014,the CAVC dismissed the case as moot after the Secretary of Veterans Affairs advised the Court that he would neither defend nor enforce the federal statute. Cardona subsequently received full payment of her spousal benefits,retroactive to her date of application.
Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt,579 U.S. 582 (2016),was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court announced on June 27,2016. The Court ruled 5–3 that Texas cannot place restrictions on the delivery of abortion services that create an undue burden for women seeking an abortion. On June 28,2016,the Supreme Court refused to hear challenges from Wisconsin and Mississippi where federal appeals courts had struck down similar laws. Other states with similar laws may also be impacted.
Julius Ness "Jay" Richardson is an American judge and lawyer who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. He was formerly an Assistant United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina.
June Medical Services,LLC v. Russo,591 U.S. ___ (2020),was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that a Louisiana state law placing hospital-admission requirements on abortion clinics doctors was unconstitutional. The law mirrored a Texas state law that the Court found unconstitutional in 2016 in Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (WWH).
Mazurek v. Armstrong,520 U.S. 968 (1997),was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld a Montana law permitting only licensed physicians to perform abortions. The Court summarily reversed a ruling of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit that had held that the law was likely intended to inhibit abortion access. In a per curiam opinion,a majority of the Court found that there was no evidence that the Montana legislature acted with an invalid intent. The Court also reiterated its earlier holding in Planned Parenthood v. Casey that the states have broad flexibility to regulate abortion so long as their regulations do not create an undue burden on a woman's right to choose. Three dissenting justices,in an opinion by Justice John Paul Stevens,wrote that they would have declined to hear the case because proceedings were still pending in the lower courts. The law itself was later struck down by the Montana Supreme Court on state-constitutional grounds.
References
- 1 2 Chester J. Straub at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges , a publication of the Federal Judicial Center .
- ↑ "Page Not Found". ca2.uscourts.gov. Archived from the original on February 10, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help) - ↑ "Recent Case: Second Circuit Holds New York City Subway Searches Constitutional Under Special Needs Doctrine" (PDF). Harvard Law Review . 120: 635. 2006. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
- ↑ Windsor v. United States , 699 F.3d 169 (2d Cir. 2012).
- ↑ "Windsor v. United States". The New York Times. Retrieved October 18, 2012.
- ↑ "Windsor v. United States" (PDF). United States Supreme Court. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
