Chibcha Terrane

Last updated
Chibcha Terrane
Stratigraphic range: Meso-Neoproterozoic
~1200–600 Ma
Coiba & Malpelo Plates and major seismic faults of Colombia.jpg
Chibcha Terrane is enclosed by the Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault (orange), northernmost Oca Fault (white), Eastern Frontal Fault System (yellow) and Romeral Fault System (violet)
Type Terrane
Unit of North Andes Plate
Sub-units Subunits
Underlies Tahamí & La Guajira Terranes
Overlies Río Negro-Juruena Province
Lithology
Primary Complexes, basins
Other Volcanoes
Location
Location Antioquia, Arauca, Bogotá, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caquetá, Casanare, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Putumayo, Norte de Santander, Santander, Tolima departments
Coordinates 4°43′22.4″N74°04′23.7″W / 4.722889°N 74.073250°W / 4.722889; -74.073250
Region Andean
CountryFlag of Colombia.svg  Colombia
Extent Central, Eastern, Perijá, SNSM, San Lucas, La Macarena
Type section
Named for Chibcha
Colombia relief location map.jpg
Orange pog.svg
Chibcha Terrane (Colombia)
Colombia Bogota location map.png
Orange pog.svg
Chibcha Terrane (Bogotá)

The Chibcha Terrane (Spanish : Terreno Chibcha, TCH), named after Chibcha, is the largest of the geological provinces (terranes) of Colombia. The terrane, the oldest explored domains of which date to the Meso- to Neoproterozoic, is situated on the North Andes Plate. The megaregional Romeral Fault System forms the contact of the terrane with the Tahamí Terrane. [1] The contact with the Caribbean and La Guajira Terranes is formed by the regional Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault. [2] The northeastern boundary is formed by the regional Oca Fault, bounding the La Guajira Terrane. [3] The terrane is emplaced over the Río Negro-Juruena Province of the Amazonian Craton along the megaregional Eastern Frontal Fault System. [4] [5]

Contents

Geological Terranes Map of Colombia. Geological Map of Colombia.jpg
Geological Terranes Map of Colombia.

Geological Terranes Map of Colombia. Terrane abbreviation is in parentheses in the legend, followed by a hyphen and age notation. K1: Early Cretaceous, T: Triassic, P: Permian, D: Devonian, C1: Mississippian, MP: Mesoproterozoic, NP: Neoproterozoic, and PP: Paleoproterozoic.

Reinterpretation

A study performed by Mora Bohórquez et al. in 2017 showed no basement variation between the San Lucas basement underlying the Lower Magdalena Valley (VIM) and the SNSM basement to the east of the Santa Marta Fault. The authors redefined the contacts between the different terranes, using the names Calima Terrane for the coastal portion of the Caribbean Terrane (San Jacinto and Sinú foldbelts) and Tahamí-Panzenú Terrane for the Tahamí Terrane. [6]

Subdivision

Geologic map of Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador (Codazzi, 1890) AGHRC (1890) - Carta XVII - Geologia de Colombia, Venezuela y Ecuador.jpg
Geologic map of Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador
(Codazzi, 1890)
The Chibcha Terrane stretches out across the Eastern Ranges, but also includes the Serrania de San Lucas to the west and triangular Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta to the north Cordillera Orientale de Colombia.jpg
The Chibcha Terrane stretches out across the Eastern Ranges, but also includes the Serranía de San Lucas to the west and triangular Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta to the north
The triangular Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, east and south of Santa Marta is bound to the west by the Santa Marta Fault (BSF) and to the north by the Oca Fault. The Cesar-Rancheria Basin is visible on the lower right. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta desde el espacio.jpg
The triangular Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, east and south of Santa Marta is bound to the west by the Santa Marta Fault (BSF) and to the north by the Oca Fault. The Cesar-Ranchería Basin is visible on the lower right.
The Bucaramanga Fault east of Bucaramanga and Floridablanca Bucaramanga, Colombia from space.JPG
The Bucaramanga Fault east of Bucaramanga and Floridablanca
The Bogota Fault east of Bogota and Bacata Bogota, Colombia.jpg
The Bogotá Fault east of Bogotá and Bacatá

Some authors consider the Garzón Complex a separate terrane; the Andaquí Terrane. [7] [8] [9]

Complexes

SNSM - Early Eocene
SNSM Paleozoic
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (La Guajira Terrane)
Perijá
Santander - Neoproterozoic-Ordovician
Floresta - Cambro-Ordovician
Quetame [17]
La Macarena - Mesoproterozoic
San Lucas - Cambrian
Southwestern Chibcha

Andaquí Terrane

Garzón - Neoproterozoic

Volcanoes

See also: List of volcanoes in Colombia

Ranges

Basins

Faults

bounding faults in bold

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Andes plate</span> Small tectonic plate in the northern Andes

The North Andes plate or North Andes block is a small tectonic plate (microplate) located in the northern Andes. It is squeezed between the faster moving South American plate and the Nazca plate to the southwest. Due to the subduction of the Coiba and Malpelo plates, this area is very prone to volcanic and seismic activity, with many historical earthquakes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simijaca Formation</span>

The Simijaca Formation (Spanish: Formación Simijaca, K2S, Kss) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly mudstone formation dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian and Cenomanian epochs, and has a maximum thickness of 693 metres (2,274 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chipaque Formation</span>

The Chipaque Formation (Spanish: Formación Chipaque, K2cp, Kc) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation is also described as Gachetá Formation, named after Gachetá, in the area of the Llanos foothills of the Eastern Ranges. The predominantly organic shale formation dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Cenomanian-Turonian epochs and has a maximum thickness of 1,700 metres (5,600 ft). The formation, rich in TOC, is an important oil and gas generating unit for the giant oilfields Cupiagua and Cusiana of the Eastern Ranges as well as in the Llanos Orientales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guadalupe Group</span>

The Guadalupe Group (Spanish: Grupo Guadalupe, K2G, Ksg) is a geological group of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The group, a sequence of shales and sandstones, is subdivided into three formations; Arenisca Dura, Plaeners and Arenisca Labor-Tierna, and dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Campanian-Maastrichtian epochs and at its type section has a thickness of 750 metres (2,460 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guaduas Formation</span> Geological formation in the Colombian Andes

The Guaduas Formation (Spanish: Formación Guaduas, K2P1G, K2E1G, KPgg, KTg, TKg, Ktg) is a geological formation of the Middle Magdalena Basin and the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly shale with coalbed formation dates to the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene periods; Maastrichtian-Paleocene epochs, and has a maximum thickness of 1,090 metres (3,580 ft). Fossils of Coussapoa camargoi, Ficus andrewsi, Berhamniphyllum sp. and Archaeopaliurus boyacensis have been found in coalbeds in Zipaquirá and Tasco, Boyacá.

The Cacho Formation (Spanish: Formación Cacho, E1C, Tpc, Tec) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly sandstone formation with thin intercalated beds of shales dates to the Paleogene period; Middle to Late Paleocene epochs, and has a maximum thickness of 400 metres (1,300 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Regadera Formation</span> Geological formation of the Colombian Andes

The Regadera Formation (Spanish: Formación Regadera, E2r, Tpr) is a geological formation of the Bogotá savanna, Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly sandstone and conglomeratic formation, with pink shale beds intercalated, dates to the Paleogene period; Middle to Late Eocene epoch, and has a maximum thickness of 765 metres (2,510 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">La Frontera Formation</span> Geological formation

The La Frontera Formation (Spanish: Formación La Frontera, K2F, Ksf) is a geological formation, part of the Villeta Group, of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense and neighbouring areas of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The sequence of limestones and lydites dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian epoch and has a maximum thickness of 206 metres (676 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conejo Formation</span> Fossiliferous geological formation in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes

The Conejo Formation (Spanish: Formación Conejo, K2C, Kscn) is a fossiliferous geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The uppermost unit of the Villeta Group, a sequence of shales and sandstones dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian, Coniacian and Santonian epochs, and has a maximum thickness of 1,022 metres (3,353 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honda Group, Colombia</span> Geological group in the Colombian Andes

The Honda Group is a geological group of the Upper and Middle Magdalena Basins and the adjacent Central and Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The group, in older literature also defined as formation, is in its present-day type section in the Tatacoa Desert in the department of Huila subdivided into two main formations; La Victoria and Villavieja.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Macanal Formation</span>

The Macanal Formation or Macanal Shale is a fossiliferous geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense and Tenza Valley in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly organic shale formation dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Berriasian to Valanginian epochs and has a maximum thickness of 2,935 metres (9,629 ft). The Macanal Formation contains numerous levels of fossiliferous abundances. Bivalves, ammonites and fossil flora have been found in the formation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guavio Formation</span>

The Guavio Formation is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of conglomerates, shales and limestones, dates to the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous periods; Tithonian to Berriasian epochs and has a maximum thickness of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Loma Gorda Formation</span> Geological formation in the Colombian Andes

The Loma Gorda Formation is a fossiliferous geological formation of the Upper Magdalena Valley (VSM) and surrounding Central and Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes, extending from Cundinamarca in the north to Huila and easternmost Tolima in the south. The uppermost unit of the Güagüaquí Group, a sequence of laminated siltstones and shales, dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian to Coniacian epochs, and has a maximum thickness of 167 metres (548 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hondita Formation</span> Fossiliferous geological formation of the Colombian Andes

The Hondita Formation is a fossiliferous geological formation of the Upper Magdalena Valley (VSM) and surrounding Central and Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes, extending from Cundinamarca in the north to Huila and easternmost Tolima in the south. The lowermost unit of the Güagüaquí Group, a sequence of sandy limestones and shales, dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian epoch, and has a maximum thickness of 90 metres (300 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oliní Group</span> Fossiliferous geological group

The Oliní Group (Spanish: Grupo Oliní, K3k5o, K2ol, Kso) is a fossiliferous geological group of the VMM, VSM and the eastern flanks of the Central and western flanks of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The regional group stretches from north to south across approximately 700 kilometres (430 mi) and dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Coniacian, Santonian and Campanian epochs, and has a maximum thickness of 287 metres (942 ft). Fossils of Eonatator coellensis have been found in the unit, near Coello, Tolima.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caballos Formation</span> Geological formation in Colombia

The Caballos Formation is a geological formation of the Upper Magdalena Valley (VSM), Caguán-Putumayo Basin, Central and Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The sandstone and shale formation dates to the Middle Cretaceous period; Aptian to Albian epochs and has a maximum thickness of 411 metres (1,348 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">La Guajira Terrane</span> Geological province in Colombia

La Guajira Terrane is one of the geological provinces (terranes) of Colombia. The terrane, dating to the Late Cretaceous, is situated on the North Andes Plate and borders the Caribbean, Tahamí and Chibcha Terranes along the Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault. The southern boundary is formed by the Oca Fault with the Chibcha Terrane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caribbean Terrane</span> Geological province of Colombia

The Caribbean Terrane is a geological province (terrane) of Colombia. The terrane, dating to the Late Cretaceous, is situated on the North Andes Plate and borders the La Guajira, Chibcha and underlying Tahamí Terrane along the regional Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault. The terrane overlies the Tahamí, Arquía and Quebradagrande Terranes along the Romeral Fault System.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tahamí Terrane</span>

The Tahamí or Tahamí-Panzenú Terrane is one of the geological provinces (terranes) of Colombia. The terrane, dating to the Permo-Triassic, is situated on the North Andes Plate. The contact with the Chibcha, Arquía and Quebradagrande Terranes is formed by the megaregional Romeral Fault System. A tiny terrane is located at the contact with the Quebradagrande Terrane; Anacona Terrane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Llanos Basin</span>

The Llanos Basin or Eastern Llanos Basin is a major sedimentary basin of 96,000 square kilometres (37,000 sq mi) in northeastern Colombia. The onshore foreland on Mesozoic rift basin covers the departments of Arauca, Casanare and Meta and parts of eastern Boyacá and Cundinamarca, western Guainía, northern Guaviare and southeasternmost Norte de Santander. The northern boundary is formed by the border with Venezuela, where the basin grades into the Barinas-Apure Basin.

References

  1. 1 2 Paris et al., 2000, pp.20–26
  2. 1 2 Paris et al., 2000, p.10
  3. 1 2 Paris et al., 2000, p.9
  4. 1 2 Paris et al., 2000, pp.36-46
  5. ↑ Gómez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209
  6. ↑ Mora Bohórquez et al., 2017, p.20
  7. ↑ Cordani et al., 2003, p.9
  8. ↑ Restrepo et al., 2009, p.50
  9. ↑ Guiral Vega et al., 2015, p.42
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Pastor Chacón et al., 2013, p.7
  11. ↑ Cordani et al., 2003, p.4
  12. 1 2 3 Pastor Chacón et al., 2013, p.17
  13. ↑ Plancha 42, 2015, p.24
  14. 1 2 Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42
  15. ↑ Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43
  16. 1 2 3 4 Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84
  17. ↑ Renzoni, 1968
  18. ↑ Moreno Sánchez et al., 2009, p.53
  19. ↑ Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22
  20. ↑ Monsalve et al., 2011
  21. ↑ Vesga & Jaramillo, 2009
  22. ↑ Barrero et al., 2007, p.35
  23. ↑ García González et al., 2007, p.83
  24. ↑ Barrero et al., 2007, p.78
  25. ↑ Garcia González et al., 2009, p.80
  26. 1 2 Paris et al., 2000a, p.29
  27. ↑ Paris et al., 2000a, p.30
  28. 1 2 Paris et al., 2000a, p.47
  29. ↑ Paris et al., 2000a, p.11
  30. ↑ Paris et al., 2000a, pp.38-39
  31. ↑ Paris et al., 2000a, pp.30-31
  32. ↑ Paris et al., 2000a, p.49
  33. ↑ Paris et al., 2000a, p.58
  34. ↑ Paris et al., 2000a, p.32
  35. ↑ Paris et al., 2000a, p.50
  36. 1 2 Paris et al., 2000a, p.57
  37. ↑ Paris et al., 2000a, p.34
  38. ↑ Paris et al., 2000a, p.12
  39. 1 2 Paris et al., 2000a, p.48

Bibliography

Terranes

  • Gómez Tapias, Jorge; Montes Ramírez, Nohora E.; Almanza Meléndez, María F.; Alcárcel Gutiérrez, Fernando A.; Madrid Montoya, César A.; Diederix, Hans (2015), Geological Map of Colombia, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, pp. 1–212, retrieved 2019-10-29
  • Restrepo, Jorge Julián; Ordóñez Carmona, Oswaldo; Martens, Uwe; Correa, Ana María (2009), "Terrenos, complejos y provincias en la Cordillera Central de Colombia (Terrains, complexes and provinces in the central cordillera of Colombia)", Ingeniería Investigación y Desarrollo , 9: 49–56, retrieved 2019-10-31
  • Cordani, U.G.; Cardona, A.; Jiménez, D.M.; Dunyl, L.; Nutman, A.P. (2003), Geochronology of Proterozoic basement from the Colombian Andes: Tectonic history of remnants from a fragmented Grenville Belt, 10o Congreso Geológico Chileno, pp. 1–10
  • Restrepo, Jorge Julian; Toussaint, Jean F. (1988), "Terranes and continental accretion in the Colombian Andes", Episodes , 11 (3): 189–193, doi: 10.18814/epiiugs/1988/v11i3/006 , retrieved 2019-10-31

Chibcha Terrane

Reports

  • Colmenares, Fabio; Mesa, Milena; Roncancio, Jairo; Arciniegas, Edgar; Pedraza, Pablo; Cardona, Agustín; Silva, César; Romero, Jhoamna; Alvarado and Oscar Romero, Felipe Vargas, Carlos Santamaría, Sonia (2007), Geología de las Planchas 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 26, 27, 33, 34, y 40 - Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, INGEOMINAS, ICP-Ecopetrol, INVEMAR, GeoSearch, pp. 1–401{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Consorcio, GSC (2015), Geología de la Plancha 42 - Serranía de Perijá - 1:100,000, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, pp. 1–39
  • Acosta Garay, Jorge; Ulloa Melo, Carlos E. (2001), Geología de la Plancha 208 Villeta - 1:100,000 (PDF), INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–84, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-24, retrieved 2017-04-04 Archived 2017-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
  • Reyes, Germán; Montoya, Diana; Terraza, Roberto; Fuquen, Jaime; Mayorga, Marcela; Gaona, Tatiana; Etayo, Fernando (2008), Geología del cinturón esmeraldífero oriental Planchas 210, 228, 229, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1−126
  • Acosta Garay, Jorge; Ulloa Melo, Carlos E. (2001), Geología de la Plancha 227 - La Mesa - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–80
  • Terraza, Roberto; Montoya, Diana; Reyes, Germán; Moreno, Giovanni; Fúquen, Jaime; Torres Jaimes, Eliana; López Cardona, Myriam; Nivia Guevara, Álvaro; Etayo Serna, Fernando (2013), Geología de la Plancha 229 - Gachalá - 1:100,000 (PDF), Servicio Geológico Colombiano, pp. 1–296, retrieved 2018-06-01
  • Patiño, Alejandro; Fuquen, Jaime; Ramos, Julián; Pedraza, Andrea; Ceballos, Leonardo; Pinzón, Lyda; Jerónimo, Yadira; Álvarez, Leidy; Torres, Andrea (2011), Cartografía geológica de la Plancha 247 - Cáqueza - 1:100,000 (PDF), INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–100, retrieved 2017-08-04 Archived 2017-08-15 at the Wayback Machine
  • Pulido, Orlando; Gómez, Luz Stella (2001), Geología de la Plancha 266 - Villavicencio - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–52
  • Fuquen M., Jaime Alberto; Osorno M, José Fernando (2002), Geología de la Plancha 303 - Colombia - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–88
  • Unión Temporal, G&H (2015), Geología de la Plancha 348 - Serranía de la Macarena - 1:100,000, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, pp. 1–101
  • Rodríguez, Gabriel (2002), Geología de las Planchas 367 Gigante, 368 San Vicente del Caguán, 389 Timaná, 390 Puerto Rico, 391 Lusitania (parte noroccidental) y 414 El Doncello, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–164
  • Núñez Tello, Alberto (2003), Cartografía geológica de las zonas Andina Sur y Garzón-Quetame (Colombia) - Memoria explicativa de las planchas 411 La Cruz, 412 San Juan de Villalobos, 430 Mocoa, 431 Piamonte, 448 Monopamba, 449 Orito y 465 Churuyaco, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–298

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