Christmas Island

Last updated

10°29′24″S105°37′39″E / 10.49000°S 105.62750°E / -10.49000; 105.62750

Contents

Christmas Island
Territory of Christmas Island
聖誕島領地
Wilayah Pulau Krismas (Malay)
Australia on the globe (Christmas Island special) (Southeast Asia centered).svg
Location of Christmas Island (red circle) and the location of Australia mainland (continent in red)
Sovereign state Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia
British annexation6 June 1888
Transferred from Singapore to Australia1 October 1958
Named for Christmas Day, when it was first sighted by Europeans
Capital
and largest city
Flying Fish Cove
("The Settlement")
10°25′18″S105°40′41″E / 10.42167°S 105.67806°E / -10.42167; 105.67806
Official languagesNone [a]
Spoken languages
Ethnic groups
(2021)
Demonym(s) Christmas Islander
Government Directly administered dependency
  Monarch
Charles III
Sam Mostyn
Farzian Zainal
Gordon Thomson
Parliament of Australia
  Senate
represented by Northern Territory senators
included in the Division of Lingiari
Area
 Total
135 km2 (52 sq mi)
 Water (%)
0
Highest elevation
361 m (1,184 ft)
Population
 2021 census
1,692 [5] (not ranked)
 Density
10.39/km2 (26.9/sq mi)(not ranked)
GDP  (nominal)2010 estimate
 Total
$52.1 million [6]
Currency Australian dollar (AU$) (AUD)
Time zone UTC+07:00 (CXT)
Driving side Left
Calling code +61 8 91 [c]
Postcode
6798 [c]
ISO 3166 code CX
Internet TLD .cx [7]
Ancestry of Christmas Island (2021) [5]
  1. Chinese ancestry 22.2 (20.0%)
  2. Australian ancestry 17 (15.3%)
  3. Malay ancestry 16.1 (14.5%)
  4. English ancestry 12.5 (11.3%)
  5. Other 43 (38.8%)
Christmas Island
Simplified Chinese 圣诞岛
Traditional Chinese 聖誕島
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Shèngdàn Dǎo
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping Sing3daan3 Dou2
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ Sèng-tàn-tó
Broadcaster Drumsite Phosphate HillRocky Point
ABC ABC 6ABC 34ABC 40
SBS SBS 7SBS 35SBS 41
WAW WAW 8WAW 36WAW 42
WOW WOW 10WOW 36WOW 43
WDW WDW 11WDW 38WDW 44

Cable television from Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the United States commenced in January 2013.

Telecommunications

Telephone and internet services on Christmas Island are provided by multiple operators. Telstra remains a major provider and integrates the island into the Australian telecommunications network, using the same prefix as Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory (08). [117] In February 2005, a 900 MHz band GSM based 2G mobile telephone system replaced the old analogue network. [117] In 2022, 4,600 kilometre long 60 terabits per second high-capacity backhaul sole submarine cable connection between Australia and Christmas Island was implemented to replace the existing satellite based 2G mobile network with the 4GX technology with enhanced mobile and data services on Christmas Island. [118]

CiFi, a local mobile phone and internet services provider, launched operations in 2020. It has established a carrier-grade 4G LTE mobile network and a fixed wireless broadband service, offering high-speed internet connectivity to both residents and visitors. [119]

Newspapers

The Shire of Christmas Island publishes a fortnightly newsletter, The Islander. [120] There are no independent newspapers. [94]

Postage stamps

Postage stamp with portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, 1958 Stamp Christmas Island 1958 2c.jpg
Postage stamp with portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, 1958

A postal agency was opened on the island in 1901 and sold stamps of the Strait Settlements. [121] After the Japanese occupation (1942–1945), postage stamps of the British Military Administration in Malaya were in use, then stamps of Singapore. [122] In 1958, the island received its own postage stamps after being put under Australian custody. It had a large philatelic and postal independence, managed first by the Phosphate Commission (1958–1969) and then by the island's administration (1969–1993). [121] This ended on 2 March 1993 when Australia Post became the island's postal operator; Christmas Island stamps may be used in Australia and Australian stamps may be used on the island. [122]

Transport

Transportation routes in Christmas Island are periodically affected due to road closures to protect the island's crab migration Red Crab Migration (25172962299).jpg
Transportation routes in Christmas Island are periodically affected due to road closures to protect the island's crab migration

A container port exists at Flying Fish Cove with an alternative container-unloading point to the east of the island at Norris Point, intended for use during the December-to-March "swell season" of rough seas. [123] The now-defunct standard gauge 18 km (11 mi) Christmas Island Phosphate Co.'s Railway from Flying Fish Cove to the phosphate mine was constructed in 1914. It was closed in December 1987, when the Australian government closed the mine, and since has been recovered as scrap, leaving only earthworks in places.

Virgin Australia provides two weekly flights to Christmas Island from Perth in Western Australia, with the service connecting to Cocos Keeling Islands in both directions. A fortnightly freight flight provides fresh supplies to the island. Rental cars are available from the airport; however, no franchised companies are represented. [124] Road conditions across the island can vary, though inclement weather can cause the roads to become slippery or damaged. [125] Many of the tracks on the island are restricted to four-wheel-drive vehicles. [126] [127]

Education

The island-operated crèche is in the Recreation Centre. [128] Christmas Island District High School, catering to students in grades P-12, is run by the Western Australian Education Department. There are no universities on Christmas Island. The island has one public library. [129]

See also

Notes

  1. English does not have official status on Christmas Island nor in Australia, but it is the de facto language of communication in government.
  2. Ethnicities listed are the most frequent responses, so do not add up to 100%. [1] In 2021, other Christmas Island ethnic groups included: [2]
    • Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (or both) – 3.3%
    • Filipino – 1.5%
    • Indian – 1.4%
    • Irish – 3.3%
    • Scottish – 2.8%
    In addition, the ABS notes: "Respondents had the option of reporting up to two ancestries on their Census form, and this is captured by the Ancestry multi response (ANCP) variable ... Therefore, the sum of all ancestry responses for an area will not equal the total number of people in the area."
    Other ethnicities not covered within the Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG) 2019 are grouped together as "other". [3] These include "inadequately described" and other non-standard or broad self-designations such as: African, Asian, Caucasian, Creole, Eurasian, European. [4] There were 409 (24.2%) of these other responses and 453 (26.8%) "not stated" responses for Christmas Island in 2021. [2]
  3. 1 2 A part of the allocation to Western Australia

References

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Further reading