Clan Mackintosh

Last updated

Clan Mackintosh
Mac-an-tòisich
Clan member crest badge - Clan Mackintosh.svg
Crest: A cat-a-mountain salient guardant Proper
MottoTouch Not The Cat Bot A Glove (N.B. 'bot' means 'without')
War cry Loch Moigh
Profile
Region Highland
District Inverness
Plant badge Red whortleberry, bearberry, or boxwood
Chief
Mackitosh of Mackitosh arms.svg
John Mackintosh of Mackintosh
The Mackintosh (An t-Ailpeanach)
Seat Moy Hall
Historic seatMoy Castle on Loch Moy
Septs of Clan Mackintosh
Adamson, Ayson, Aysons of N.Z., Clark, Clarke, Clarkson, Clerk, Crerar, Dallas, Elder, Esson, Glen, Glennie, Gollan, Heggie, Hardie, Hardy, MacAndrew, MacAy, MacCardney, MacClerich, MacChiery, McConchy, Macglashan, Machardie, Machardy, Machay, Mackeggie, MacKillican, MacLerie, MacNiven, MacRitchie, Niven, Noble, Ritchie, Tarrill, Tosh and Toshach
Clan branches
Mackintosh of Mackintosh (chiefs)
Mackintosh of Killachie (senior cadets)
Mackintosh of Borlum
Mackintosh of Daviot
Mackintosh of Connage
Mackintosh of Strone
Mackintosh of Aberarder
Mackintosh of Corribrough
Allied clans
Rival clans

Clan Mackintosh (Clann Mhic an Tòisich) is a Scottish clan from Inverness in the Scottish Highlands. [1] The chiefs of the clan are the Mackintoshes of Mackintosh. Another branch of the clan, the Mackintoshes of Torcastle, are the chiefs of Clan Chattan, a historic confederation of clans. [1]

Contents

History

Origins of the clan

The Scottish Gaelic word toisiche means leader and can also be translated as chief. [1] The seanachies of the Clan Mackintosh claim that the first chief of the clan was Shaw, second son of Duncan MacDuff, Earl of Fife of the royal house of Dál Riata. [1] In 1160 Shaw MacDuff accompanied Malcolm IV of Scotland on an expedition to suppress a rebellion in Morayshire. [1] In about 1163 he was also made constable of Inverness Castle and was granted land in the Findhorn valley. [1] The heartland of the clan was the lands of Petty which was also the burial place of the chiefs. [1] In 1179 Shaw MacDuff was succeeded by his son who was also called Shaw and was confirmed in his patrimony by William the Lion. [1] [2]

Scottish-Norwegian war

In 1263, during the Scottish–Norwegian War, Ferquhar Mackintosh, the fifth chief led his clan at the Battle of Largs against the army of Haakon IV of Norway. [1] However, he was killed in a duel in 1265 leaving his infant son, Angus, as heir. [1]

Clan Chattan

Angus Mackintosh was brought up in the court of his uncle, Alexander of Islay, Lord of the Isles, chief of Clan Donald. [1] [2] In 1291 a splendid match was arranged for Angus when he married Eva, the only daughter of Dougal Dal, chief of the Clan Chattan, which brought Angus the lands of Glenloy and Loch Arkaig. [1] Angus and Eva lived on the lands of Clan Chattan at Tor Castle but they later withdrew to Rothiemurchus. [1] After this the Clan Chattan developed into a unique confederation of independent Scottish clans that was led by the Mackintosh chiefs. [1] However their leadership was unsuccessfully challenged over the centuries by the Clan Macpherson who were part of the confederation. [1] From this point onwards Clan Mackintosh and Chattan history is inextricably entwined. [1]

Wars of Scottish Independence

During the Wars of Scottish Independence the sixth chief of Clan Mackintosh supported Robert the Bruce. [1]

14th century and clan conflicts

Mackintosh Clan Tartan, STA ref: 521. Tartan date: 1819. Mackintosh Clan Tartan.jpg
Mackintosh Clan Tartan, STA ref: 521. Tartan date: 1819.

Clan Mackintosh were involved in many clan battles, mostly against Clan Cameron with whom they had an extensive feud which lasted over 350 years:

The Battle of Drumlui was fought in 1337; it was a dispute between the Clan Mackintosh and Clan Cameron over land at Glenlui and Loch Arkaig. The Camerons were defeated but started a 350-year feud. [3] The Battle of Invernahoven was fought in 1370 between the Clan Cameron and the Chattan Confederation of Clan Mackintosh, Clan Macpherson, and Clan Davidson. [4] The Battle of the North Inch in 1396 was fought between the Chattan Confederation that was led by the Mackintoshes and the Clan Cameron, and was one of the most important battles between these two clans. [5]

15th century and clan conflicts

The ninth chief of Clan Mackintosh, Ferquhar had to surrender the chiefship in favour of Malcolm Beg Mackintosh, 10th of Mackintosh, son by the second marriage of William Mackintosh the seventh chief. [1] Malcolm Mackintosh was a strong leader who greatly extended the influence of his clan. [1] He feuded with the Clan Comyn in a dispute that had its origins when the Comyns had feuded with Robert the Bruce. [1] In 1424 the Comyns forcibly took possession of some of the Mackintosh lands at Meikle Geddes and Rait but Malcolm Mackintosh retaliated and put many of the Comyns to the sword. [1] This was in turn retaliated by the Comyns who invaded the Mackintosh homeland of Moy and unsuccessfully tried to drown the Mackintoshes on their island of Moy. [1] A feast of reconciliation was held at the Comyn's castle of Rait however here the Mackintoshes slaughtered their Comyn hosts. [1]

The Mackintoshes fought at the Battle of Lochaber in 1429 which was between forces led by Alexander of Islay, Earl of Ross, 3rd Lord of the Isles and the royalist army of James I of Scotland. [6] The Battle of Palm Sunday, 1429, was fought between the Clan Cameron against the Clan Mackintosh and the Chattan Confederation. [7]

The Battle of Craig Cailloch was fought in 1441: the Clan Mackintosh, led by the chief's son, Duncan Mackintosh, (later the 11th chief), at the instigation of Alexander, Lord of the Isles, began to invade and raid the Clan Cameron lands. A battle took place at Craig Cailloch between the Camerons and the Mackintoshes in which the chief's second son, Lachlann "Badenoch" was wounded and Gille Chaluim, the chief's fourth son, killed. [8] [9] The Battle of Clachnaharry, was fought in 1454 between the Clan Mackintosh and the Clan Munro led by John Munro of Milntown. [10] [11]

The Raid on Ross took place in 1491, where Ferquhard Mackintosh (later the 12th chief), supported Alexander MacDonald of Lochalsh's insurrection of 1491, the Raid on Ross. Ferquhard also subsequently took Inverness Castle using a "sow". The king later imprisoned Ferquhard, along with Kenneth Mackenzie, 8th of Kintail, in Edinburgh Castle. Two years later they escaped, but Mackenzie was killed by the Laird of Buchanan and Ferquhard was recaptured and imprisoned in Dunbar Castle where he remained for sixteen years until being released after the Battle of Flodden in 1513. During the years that Ferquhard was in prison, the affairs of his clan were administered by William Mackintosh who was the eldest son of Lachlan "Badenoch" Mackintosh who was in turn the second son of Malcolm Beg Mackintosh, 10th of Mackintosh. [12]

16th century and clan conflicts

Early In 1528, Clan Mackintosh and the wider Clan Chattan suffered a letter of Fire and Sword issued by King James V, who assigned it to the Earl of Moray. The Letter required "utter extermination and destruction" of the clan and its supporters "leaving none alive except priests, women and children" who were to be transported across the sea and to the low countries. This was to punish the clan for the disorder caused in Badenoch following Hector Mackintosh, the chief’s illegitimate brother starting a quarrel with the Earl over who would raise the dead chief's infant son. The Earl captured 300 clan males and started to hang them one by one in order to find out where Hector was. Hector subsequently gave himself up and pledged an oath of fealty to the King. [13]

Lachlan Mor Mackintosh, 16th of Mackintosh and his clan supported Mary, Queen of Scots in her victory over George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly at the Battle of Corrichie in 1562, where Huntly was killed. According to 19th century historian Alexander Mackintosh-Shaw, it is likely that Lachlan also fought at the Battle of Langside in 1568 as five days before the battle he had subscribed to a band for the Queen's defence at the town of Hamilton, South Lanarkshire. Of the 136 subscribing barons and chiefs, apart from Mackintosh only two others were Highland chiefs: George Gordon, 5th Earl of Huntly and Alexander Gordon, 12th Earl of Sutherland. [14]

The Battle of Bun Garbhain was fought in 1570 between the Clan Cameron and Clan Mackintosh. Domhnall Dubh Camshròn, XV Chief of Clan Cameron, had died, leaving an infant son, Ailean, at the head of the clan. During the battle the chief of Mackintosh is believed to have been killed by Donald 'Taillear Dubh na Tuaighe' Cameron, (son of the XIV Chief of Clan Cameron), with a fearsome Lochaber axe. [15]

The Battle of Glenlivet was fought in 1594 where the Clan Mackintosh and Chattan Confederation fought on the side of the Earl of Argyll along with Clan Campbell, Clan Stewart of Atholl, and Clan Forbes. They were defeated by the Earl of Huntly's forces which consisted of Clan Gordon, Clan Comyn, and Clan Cameron. [16]

17th century and Civil War

Historical relics in possession of Mackintosh of Mackintosh, Moy Hall. Claymore used at Battle of the North Inch 1396.jpg
Historical relics in possession of Mackintosh of Mackintosh, Moy Hall.

During the Scottish Civil War the Mackintoshes fought for James Graham, 1st Marquis of Montrose throughout his campaign for Charles I of England. [1]

The Stand-off at the Fords of Arkaig took place in 1665 between the Chattan Confederation led by the Clan Mackintosh against the Clan Cameron. [18]

The Battle of Mulroy was fought in 1668. Clan Cameron and Clan Mackintosh were at peace and Ewen Cameron of Lochiel was responsible for keeping the peace between his men and their former enemies. However, when Ewen Cameron of Lochiel was away in London a feud broke out between Clan MacDonald of Keppoch and their enemies Clan Mackintosh. As the Cameron Chief was away he was not able to hold back his clan and the combined forces of Cameron and MacDonald defeated the Mackintoshes who were supported by Government troops under Kenneth Mackenzie of Suddie. [19] [20]

18th century and the Jacobite risings

Jacobite rising of 1715

During the Jacobite rising of 1715 the Mackintoshes remained loyal to the Stuart cause. [1] Lachlan Mackintosh led eight hundred clansmen in support of the Jacobites, under his cousin, William Mackintosh of Borlum. [1] However, they were defeated at the Battle of Preston (1715). [1] After this many clansmen were transported to the Americas. [1] General Wade's report on the Highlands in 1724, estimated the combined clan strength of the Mackintoshes and Farquharsons at 800 men. [21]

Jacobite rising of 1745

During the Jacobite rising of 1745, Angus Mackintosh, twenty-second chief of Clan Mackintosh was a captain in the British Black Watch regiment. [1] However, in his absence, his wife, Lady Anne Mackintosh raised men to fight for the Jacobite Charles Edward Stuart. [1] Command was given to MacGillivray of Dunmaglas, of the Clan MacGillivray. [1] They contributed to the Jacobite victory at the Battle of Falkirk Muir in 1746. [1] Following this victory Charles arrived at Moy on 16 February 1746 where he was received by Lady Mackintosh. [1] The prince's bed is still at Moy Hall. [1] An attempt was made by five hundred Government troops to capture Prince Charles at Moy, but they were deceived by just five of the Lady Mackintosh's retainers into believing that they had blundered into the entire Jacobite army and fled. [1] This incident became known as the Rout of Moy. [1] At the Battle of Culloden the Mackintoshes and their allies in the Chattan Confederation suffered heavy losses. [1]

Chiefs

John Lachlan Mackintosh of Mackintosh (born 1969) succeeded as Chief in 1995 and currently resides in Singapore. The Mackintosh was an Integrated Humanities (IH) and history teacher in the Humanities Faculty at Nanyang Girls' High School before retiring in 2022 and is married to a former Language Arts teacher and academic, Miss Vanessa Heng in March 2014, after their engagement in 2013. [22]

Castles

The second Moy Hall, Inverness-shire, seat of the chief of Clan Mackintosh and Clan Chattan, which replaced the first Moy Hall. The picture - which appears in A. M. Mackintosh's 1903 book 'The Mackintoshes and Clan Chattan - shows it in the form it took after its remodelling in the 1870s. This enlarged Moy Hall was demolished in the 1950s Moy Hall, Inverness-shire.jpg
The second Moy Hall, Inverness-shire, seat of the chief of Clan Mackintosh and Clan Chattan, which replaced the first Moy Hall. The picture - which appears in A. M. Mackintosh's 1903 book 'The Mackintoshes and Clan Chattan - shows it in the form it took after its remodelling in the 1870s. This enlarged Moy Hall was demolished in the 1950s
Loch Moy where Moy Castle, the original seat of the chiefs of Clan Mackintosh was placed on an island in the loch. (Not to be confused with another Moy Castle at Lochbuie, Mull that was the seat of the Clan Maclaine of Lochbuie). Looking SW from Forest clear Fell Above Loch Moy - geograph.org.uk - 1057909.jpg
Loch Moy where Moy Castle, the original seat of the chiefs of Clan Mackintosh was placed on an island in the loch. (Not to be confused with another Moy Castle at Lochbuie, Mull that was the seat of the Clan Maclaine of Lochbuie).

Castles held by the Clan Mackintosh have included:

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clan Shaw</span> Highland Scottish clan

Clan Shaw is a Highland Scottish clan and is a member of the Chattan Confederation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clan Farquharson</span> Highland Scottish clan

Clan Farquharson is a Highland Scottish clan based at Invercauld and Braemar, Aberdeenshire, and is a member of the Chattan Confederation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clan Chattan</span> Confederation of Highland Scottish clans

Clan Chattan is a unique confederation of Highland clans. The clan is distinctive in highland clan history in that it was acknowledged to be a community or confederation, of twelve separate Scottish clans, who each had their own clan chief recognized under Scottish law, but who were united under and bound to a superior chief of the confederation for mutual solidarity, sustenance and protection in the Middle Ages and early modern period in the Scottish Highlands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clan Macpherson</span> Highland Scottish clan

Clan Macpherson is a Highland Scottish clan and a member of the Chattan Confederation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anne Mackintosh</span> Scottish Jacobite

Anne Mackintosh (1723–1784) was a Scottish Jacobite leader, who was the wife of Angus Mackintosh, Chief of the Clan Mackintosh. She was one of very few (apparent) female military leaders during the Jacobite rising of 1745 and the first female to hold the rank of colonel in Scotland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clan Cameron</span> West Highland Scottish clan

Clan Cameron is a West Highland Scottish clan, with one main branch Lochiel, and numerous cadet branches. The Clan Cameron lands are in Lochaber and within their lands lies Ben Nevis which is the highest mountain in the British Isles. The Chief of the clan is customarily referred to as simply "Lochiel".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clan Davidson</span> Highland Scottish clan

Clan Davidson is a Highland Scottish clan and a member of the Chattan Confederation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clan MacBean</span> Highland Scottish clan

Clan MacBean, is a highland Scottish clan and is a member and historic sept of Clan Chattan.

The Mackintoshes of Borlum were a cadet branch of the Clan Mackintosh, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands. Their most famous member was Brigadier William Mackintosh, Laird of Borlum (1658–1743) usually known as Mackintosh of Borlum who was a leader of the Jacobite rising of 1715.

Brigadier William Mackintosh of Borlum (1658–1743), often referred to simply as Mackintosh of Borlum, was a leader of the Jacobite rising of 1715.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Invernahavon</span> 14th century Scottish clan battle

The Battle of Invernahavon was a Scottish clan battle between the Clan Cameron and the confederation of Clan Chattan that consisted of the Clan Mackintosh, Clan Macpherson, and Clan Davidson amongst others. Some sources give the date as 1386, others as 1370.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stand-off at the Fords of Arkaig</span> Week long stalemate

The Stand-off at the Ford of Arkaig occurred in September 1665 at Achnacarry, about 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Fort William, Scotland. The Chattan Confederation led by the Clan Mackintosh assembled an army to challenge Clan Cameron in a 360-year-old dispute over the lands around Loch Arkaig. After a week of stalemate, the long-running feud was ended by a deal in which the Camerons bought the land from the Mackintoshes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tor Castle</span>

Tor Castle is a ruined castle, about 3 miles north east of Fort William, Highland, Scotland, west of the River Lochy and east of the Caledonian Canal, near Torlundy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Craig Cailloch</span> Scottish clan battle in 1441 between Clans Cameron and Mackintosh

The Battle of Craig Cailloch was a Scottish clan battle fought in 1441 between the Clan Cameron and Clan Mackintosh. The two clans had defected from Alexander of Islay, Earl of Ross during his war with James I of Scotland. Alexander lost the war but was subsequently appointed Justiciar of Scotia by James and became reconciled to the Chattans. Alexander encouraged the Chattans to invade the lands of the Camerons which resulted in a battle on Craig Cailloch in 1441. The battle was bloody and several leading Chattan men were killed. Afterwards Malcolm Mackintosh led further raids into Cameron territory to avenge the deaths. Donald Dubh, leader of the Camerons was later forced into exile in Ireland.

The Mackintoshes of Killachie were a minor noble Scottish family and the senior cadet branch of the Clan Mackintosh, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands. Their most famous member was James Mackintosh who was a Scottish jurist, Whig politician and historian.

Malcolm Beg Mackintosh was the tenth chief of the Clan Mackintosh, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands. He was also chief of the confederation of clans known as the Clan Chattan.

Lachlan Beg Mackintosh, 14th of Mackintosh was the chief of the Clan Mackintosh, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands. He was also chief of the confederation of clans that was known as the Clan Chattan.

Duncan Mackintosh, 11th of Mackintosh was chief of the Clan Mackintosh, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands. He was also chief of the confederation of clans that was known as the Clan Chattan.

Ferquhard Mackintosh, 12th of Mackintosh was the chief of the Clan Mackintosh, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands. He was also chief of the confederation of clans known as the Clan Chattan.

William Mackintosh, 13th of Mackintosh was the chief of the Clan Mackintosh, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands. He was also chief of the confederation of clans that was known as the Clan Chattan.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Way, George of Plean; Squire, Romilly of Rubislaw (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. Glasgow: HarperCollins (for the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 230–231. ISBN   0-00-470547-5.
  2. 1 2 Mackintosh, Margaret of Mackintosh. (1982). The Clan Mackintosh and the Clan Chattan. (Foreword by Sir Donald Cameron of Lochiel). ISBN   0-904265-73-0.
  3. ↑ The Battle of Drumlui clan-cameron.org. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  4. ↑ The Battle of Invernahavon clan-cameron.org. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  5. ↑ Battle at the North Inch of Perth clan-cameron.org. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  6. ↑ The Battle of Split Allegiances clan-cameron.org. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  7. ↑ The Battle of Palm Sunday clan-cameron.org. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  8. ↑ Mackintosh-Shaw, Alexander (1880). "V". Historical Memoirs of the House and Clan of Mackintosh and of the Clan Chattan. London: printed for the author by R. Clay, sons, and Taylor. pp.  144–145. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  9. ↑ "The Battle of Craig Cailloch". clan-cameron.org. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  10. ↑ Gordon, Robert (1813) [Printed from original manuscript 1580 – 1656]. A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland. Edinburgh: Printed by George Ramsay and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company Edinburgh; and White, Cochrance and Co. London. pp.  46–47. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  11. ↑ Fraser, James (1905) [Edited from original manuscript (c.1674) with notes and introduction, by William Mackay]. Chronicles of the Frasers: the Wardlaw manuscript entitled 'Polichronicon seu policratica temporum, or, The true genealogy of the Frasers', 916–1674. Inverness: Printed at the University Press by T. and A. Constable for the Scottish History Society. pp.  84–87. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  12. ↑ Mackintosh-Shaw, Alexander (1880). "V". Historical Memoirs of the House and Clan of Mackintosh and of the Clan Chattan. London: printed for the author by R. Clay, sons, and Taylor. pp.  157–165. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  13. ↑ http://www.reynoldmacpherson.ac.nz/publications/Badenoch%201215%20to%201665%20AD.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]The Politics of Clan Chattan and the emergence of Clan Macpherson, Reynold Macpherson, (19 January 2011)
  14. ↑ Mackintosh-Shaw, Alexander (1880). "VII". Historical Memoirs of the House and Clan of Mackintosh and of the Clan Chattan. London: printed for the author by R. Clay, sons, and Taylor. pp.  227-228. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  15. ↑ The Battle of Bun Garbhain clan-cameron.org. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  16. ↑ The Battle of Glenlivet clan-cameron.org. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  17. ↑ Fraser-Mackintosh, Charles (1898). An account of the confederation of Clan Chattan: its kith and kin. Glasgow: J. Mackay. p.  120 . Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  18. ↑ Standoff at the Fords of Arkaig clan-cameron.org. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  19. ↑ Mackintosh-Shaw, Alexander (1880). "XI". Historical Memoirs of the House and Clan of Mackintosh and of the Clan Chattan. London: printed for the author by R. Clay, sons, and Taylor. pp.  395-398. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  20. ↑ "The Battle of Mulroy". clan-cameron.org. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  21. ↑ Johnston, Thomas Brumby; Robertson, James Alexander; Dickson, William Kirk (1899). "General Wade's Report". Historical Geography of the Clans of Scotland. Edinburgh and London: W. & A.K. Johnston. p. 26. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  22. ↑ http://announcements.thetimes.co.uk
  23. 1 2 "Moy Hall". ambaile.org.uk. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Coventry, Martin (2008). Castles of the Clans: The Strongholds and Seats of 750 Scottish Families and Clans. Musselburgh: Goblinshead. pp. 382–383. ISBN   978-1-899874-36-1.
  25. ↑ Coventry, pp. 364.
  26. ↑ History of Rait Castle saveraitcastle.org. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.