Costa Concordia

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Costa Concordia
Costa Concordia (2213536356) (cropped).jpg
Costa Concordia in 2008
History
Civil Ensign of Italy.svgItaly
NameCosta Concordia
Owner Carnival Corporation & plc
Operator Costa Crociere
Port of registry Genoa, Civil Ensign of Italy.svg  Italy
RouteWestern Mediterranean
Ordered19 January 2004
Builder Fincantieri Sestri Ponente, Italy
Cost €450 million (£372 million, US$570 million)
Yard number6122
Launched2 September 2005 (2005-09-02)
Christened7 July 2006 [1]
Acquired29 June 2006
Maiden voyage14 July 2006
In serviceJuly 2006
Out of service13 January 2012
Identification
Fate Capsized and partially sank in 2012 off Isola del Giglio, Tuscany. Salvaged in 2015 and subsequently scrapped in Genoa, Italy in 2017.
General characteristics [2]
Class and type Concordia-class cruise ship
Tonnage114,147  GT
Length
Beam35.50 m (116 ft 6 in)
Draught8.20 m (26 ft 11 in)
Depth14.18 m (46 ft 6 in)
Decks13
Installed power
  • 6 ×  Wärtsilä 12V46C
  • 76,640 kW (102,780 hp) (combined)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 19.6 knots (36 km/h; 23 mph) (service)
  • 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph) (maximum)
Capacity3,780 passengers
Crew1,100

Costa Concordia (Italian pronunciation:  [ˈkɔsta konˈkɔrdja] ) was a cruise ship operated by Costa Crociere. She was the first of her class, followed by sister ships Costa Serena , Costa Pacifica , Costa Favolosa and Costa Fascinosa , and Carnival Splendor built for Carnival Cruise Line. When the 114,137-ton Costa Concordia and her sister ships entered service, they were among the largest ships built in Italy until the construction of the 130,000 GT Dream-classcruise ships.

Contents

On 13 January 2012 at 21:45, Costa Concordia struck a rock in the Tyrrhenian Sea just off the eastern shore of Isola del Giglio. This tore open a 50 m (160 ft) gash on the port side of her hull, which soon flooded parts of the engine room, cutting power from the engines and ship services. As water flooded in and the ship listed, she drifted back towards the island and grounded near shore, then rolled onto her starboard side, lying in an unsteady position on a rocky underwater ledge.

The evacuation of Costa Concordia took over six hours, and of the 3,229 passengers and 1,023 crew known to have been aboard, 32 died. Francesco Schettino, the ship's captain at that time, was subsequently found guilty of manslaughter, causing a maritime accident, and abandoning his ship. [3] The wreck was salvaged three years after the incident and then towed to the port of Genoa, where she was scrapped. [4]

Concept and construction

Costa Concordia in Piraeus, Greece, on 30 November 2006 Costa Concordia in Piraeus.jpg
Costa Concordia in Piraeus, Greece, on 30 November 2006

Costa Concordia was ordered in 2004 by Carnival Corporation from Fincantieri and built in the Sestri Ponente yard in Genoa, [5] as yard number 6122. [6] At the vessel's launch at Sestri Ponente on 2 September 2005, [7] the champagne bottle, released by model Eva Herzigová, failed to break when swung against the hull the first time. This type of occurrence is considered a bad omen among seafarers, and this incident has been partially blamed for the ship's 2008 accident and 2012 sinking. [8]

The ship was delivered to Costa on 30 June 2006. [9] It cost €450 million (£372 million, US$570 million) to build. [10] The name Concordia was intended to express the wish for "continuing harmony, unity, and peace between European nations". [11]

Description

Costa Concordia was 290.20 metres (952 ft 1 in) long, had a beam of 35.50 m (116 ft 6 in) and drew 8.20 m (26 ft 11 in) of water. She had a Diesel-electric power plant consisting of six 12-cylinder Wärtsilä 12V46C four-stroke medium-speed Diesel generating sets with a combined output of 76.6 MW (102,780 hp). [12] These main generators provided power for all shipboard consumers from propulsion motors to hotel functions such as lighting and air conditioning. The ship was propelled by two 21-megawatt electric motors coupled to fixed-pitch propellers. [13] Her design service speed was 19.6 knots (36 km/h; 23 mph), [6] but during sea trials, she achieved a speed of 23 knots (43  km/h ; 26  mph ).

Layout

Costa Concordia had 13 public decks, each named after a European state. Deck 1 was the lowest: [14]

  • Deck 1 Olanda (Holland)
  • Deck 2 Svezia (Sweden)
  • Deck 3 Belgio (Belgium)
  • Deck 4 Grecia (Greece)
  • Deck 5 Italia (Italy)
  • Deck 6 Gran Bretagna (Great Britain)          
  • Deck 7 Irlanda (Ireland)
  • Deck 8 Portogallo (Portugal)
  • Deck 9 Francia (France)
  • Deck 10 Germania (Germany)
  • Deck 11 Spagna (Spain)
  • Deck 12 Austria (Austria)
  • Deck 13 Polonia (Poland)

Amenities

Costa Concordia was outfitted with approximately 1,500 cabins; 505 with private balconies, and 55 with direct access to the Samsara Spa, which were considered Spa staterooms; 58 suites had private balconies and 12 had direct access to the spa.[ clarification needed ]Costa Concordia had one of the world's largest exercise facility areas at sea, the Samsara Spa, a two-level, 6,000 m2 (64,600 sq ft) fitness center, with gym, a thalassotherapy pool, sauna, Turkish bath and a solarium. The ship had four swimming pools, two with retractable roofs, five Jacuzzis, five spas, and a poolside movie theatre on the main pool deck. [15] There were also five on-board restaurants, with Club Concordia and Samsara taking reservations-only dining. There were thirteen bars, including a cigar and cognac bar and a coffee and chocolate bar. Entertainment options included a three-level theatre, casino, a futuristic disco, a children's area equipped with video games and a basketball court. She also had aboard a Grand Prix motor racing simulator and an internet café. [16]

Accidents and incidents

2008 bow damage

Costa Concordia on 31 July 2009, featuring repairs to her bow. Costa Concordia in 2009.jpg
Costa Concordia on 31 July 2009, featuring repairs to her bow.

On 22 November 2008, Costa Concordia suffered damage to her bow when high winds over the Sicilian city of Palermo pushed the ship against its dock. There were no injuries and repairs started soon after. [16] [17] [18] The repairs were completed by December, but it was noticeable as the dents still appeared. The area was later refurbished in 2011 to remove the dents.

2012 grounding and partial sinking

On 13 January 2012, under the command of Captain Francesco Schettino, Costa Concordia departed Civitavecchia, the port for Rome, Italy, on a seven-night cruise. At 21:45 local time (UTC+1), in calm seas and overcast weather, she collided with a rock off Isola del Giglio ( 42°21′55″N10°55′17″E / 42.36528°N 10.92139°E / 42.36528; 10.92139 (Costa Concordia 2012 grounding) ), on the western coast of Italy about 100 km (62 mi) northwest of Rome. [19] [20] A 53-metre (174 ft) long gash was made in the port-side hull, along 3 compartments of the engine room (deck 0); resulting in power losses, leading to a loss of propulsion and loss of electrical systems, which crippled the ship. Taking on water, the vessel listed to the port side. Twenty-four minutes later, strong winds pushed the vessel back to Giglio Island, where she grounded 500 m (550 yd) north of the village of Giglio Porto, resting on her starboard side in shallow waters, with most of her starboard side underwater. [21] [22] [23]

Costa Concordia after dawn with lifeboats at shore Collision of Costa Concordia 24.jpg
Costa Concordia after dawn with lifeboats at shore

Almost half of the ship remained above water, but it was in danger of sinking completely into a trough 70 metres (230 ft) deep. [24] Despite the gradual sinking of the ship, its complete loss of power, and its proximity to shore in calm seas, an order to abandon ship was not issued until over an hour after the initial impact. Although international maritime law requires all passengers to be evacuated within 30 minutes of an order to abandon ship, the evacuation of Costa Concordia took over six hours. At the time, she was carrying 3,206 passengers and 1,023 crew members. [25] [26] The accident resulted in 32 fatalities. [27] [28] The body of the last missing person, Indian crew member Russel Rebello, was recovered on 3 November 2014. [29] It appears that Rebello died while saving other passengers. [30]

Salvage

Costa Concordia salvage operation in progress Costa Concordia salvage July crop.jpg
Costa Concordia salvage operation in progress

An initial assessment by salvage expert company Smit International estimated that the removal of Costa Concordia and her 2,380 tonnes of fuel [31] [32] could take up to 10 months. [33] Smit advised that the ship had been damaged beyond the hope of economical repair and recommended it be written off as a constructive total loss. Smit was soon contracted to initially remove only Concordia's fuel.

During the fuel removal operation, Smit reported that the ship had shifted 60 cm (24 in) in the three weeks since her grounding, but that there was no immediate prospect of her breaking up or sinking deeper. [34] Removal of the fuel from the various fuel tanks distributed throughout the ship was completed in March 2012, later than Smit's initial estimates. This cleared the way to arrange for the ultimate salvaging and scrapping of the ship.

On 17 September 2013, Costa Concordia was brought to a vertical position through a parbuckling procedure. [35] [36] The cost for salvaging the ship increased to $799 million. [37] In addition, the ship had suffered severe hull deformations in two places. Titan Salvage, the company directing the salvage operations, estimated that the next phase of the salvage operation would be completed by early-to-mid-2014. After this "floating" operation, the ship would be towed to a salvage yard on the Italian mainland for scrapping or "breaking". [38]

On 14 July 2014, work commenced to refloat Costa Concordia in preparation for towing. [39] At this point, the costs had risen to €1 billion. Including tow cost, €100 million for the ship to be broken up for scrap and the cost of repairing damage to Giglio island, the estimated final cost was expected to be €1.5 billion ($2 billion). [40] [41] On 23 July, having been refloated, the ship commenced its final journey under tow at a speed of 2 knots (4 km/h; 2 mph), with a 14-ship escort, to be scrapped in Genoa. [42] [43] It arrived at port on 27 July, after a four-day journey. It was moored to a seawall at the port, awaiting dismantling processes. [44] [45]

Costa Concordia on 12 September 2015, being scrapped in the Superbacino dock in Genoa, Italy Costa Concordia Abwracken.jpg
Costa Concordia on 12 September 2015, being scrapped in the Superbacino dock in Genoa, Italy

On 11 May 2015, following initial dismantling, but still kept afloat by the salvage sponsons, the hull was towed 10 miles (16 km) to the Superbacino dock in Genoa for removal of the upper decks. [46] The last of the sponsons were removed in August 2016 and the hull was taken in to a drydock on 1 September for final dismantling. [47] Scrapping of the ship was completed on 7 July 2017. [48]

In 2010, Costa Concordia provided the setting for Jean-Luc Godard's film Socialisme . [49]

U.S. poet and singer Patti Smith wrote parts of her 2012 album Banga onboard the ship. Smith and Lenny Kaye were invited by Godard to accompany him while he was shooting Socialisme. The Banga CD booklet includes photos taken of Smith and her band during their cruise. [50]

On 11 April 2012, a documentary broadcast in the United Kingdom, titled Terror at Sea: The Sinking of the Costa Concordia, and another first broadcast on Channel 4, titled The Sinking of the Concordia: Caught on Camera, featured footage recorded by the passengers and crew.

On 14 July 2012, a documentary titled Cruise Ship Disaster: Inside the Concordia, was first broadcast on the Discovery Channel, CNN Presents: Cruise to Disaster, first broadcast by CNN [51] and another, titled Inside Costa Concordia: Voices of Disaster, was first broadcast by the National Geographic Channel. [52] The season 39 Nova episode "Why Ships Sink" discusses the sinking of Costa Concordia. [53] A later Nova season 42 episode "Sunken Ship Rescue" featured the salvage effort and race to refloat and remove the badly damaged Costa Concordia from the accident scene before the ship could break apart, risking an environmental catastrophe. [54]

On 15 February 2013, ABC's 20/20 aired a special on the sinking and interviews with the survivors following the engine fire on Carnival Triumph. [55]

In Paolo Sorrentino's 2013 film The Great Beauty , the wreckage of Costa Concordia is featured. [56]

On the 2016 album Teens of Denial , "The Ballad of the Costa Concordia", written by Will Toledo of the indie rock band Car Seat Headrest, uses the disaster as a metaphor for a personal breakdown. [57]

Related Research Articles

Isola del Giglio Comune in Tuscany, Italy

Isola del Giglio is an Italian island and comune in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the coast of Tuscany, and is part of the Province of Grosseto. The island is one of seven that form the Tuscan Archipelago, lying within the Arcipelago Toscano National Park. Giglio means "lily" in Italian, and though the name would appear consistent with the insignia of Medici Florence, it originally derives from the Latin name of the island, Igilium, which in turn could be related to the Ancient Greek name of the neighbouring Capraia, Αἰγύλιον, from Ancient Greek: αἴξ, romanized: aíx, lit. 'goat'.

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References

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  5. ↑ "Costa Crociere Orders A New Ship From Fincantieri with an Investment of Around 450 Million Euros" (Press release). Fincantieri. 19 January 2004. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  6. 1 2 "M/S Costa Concordia". Fakta om Fartyg (in Swedish). Retrieved 14 January 2012.
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  12. ↑ "Costa Concordia 3,780 Berths, Cruise Vessel, Built 2006", TradeWinds
    Ship data from: Clarkson Research Services Limited    , retrieved 28 January 2012
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  32. ↑ "Two more bodies found in Costa Concordia shipwreck". The Calgary Herald. 23 January 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2012.[ dead link ] Alt URL
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  45. ↑ "Costa Concordia in pictures: Inside the cruise liner after two years underwater" . The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  46. ↑ "Costa Concordia to embark on its final journey". World Maritime News. 7 May 2015.
  47. ↑ "Costa Concordia Sets Off on Final Voyage to Scrapyard". World Maritime News. 2 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  48. ↑ "Costa Concordia Saga Comes to an End". World Maritime News. 14 July 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  49. ↑ Brooks, Xan (15 January 2012). "Costa Concordia provides setting for a 2010 Jean-Luc Godard film". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  50. ↑ "Patti Smith recording aboard the Costa Concordia". Archived from the original on 13 November 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  51. ↑ "CNN Presents: Cruise to Disaster", CNN, retrieved 27 June 2013
  52. ↑ Inside Costa Concordia: Voices of Disaster, National Geographic Channel, retrieved 31 December 2012
  53. ↑ Challis, J. (2012), "Nova: Why Ships Sink", Nova , PBS, WGBH Educational Foundation , retrieved 31 December 2012
  54. ↑ WGBH Boston (2015), "Nova: Sunken Ship Rescue", Nova , PBS, WGBH Educational Foundation , retrieved 21 January 2015
  55. ↑ Lateef Mungin and Steve Almasy (15 February 2013). "Crippled cruise ship returns; passengers happy to be back". CNN. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  56. ↑ Donadio, Rachel (8 September 2013). "Paolo Sorrentino's 'Great Beauty' Explores Italy's Decline". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 13 January 2018.
  57. ↑ "A Highly Subjective List of the 20 Best Songs of 2016 (So Far)". Brooklyn Magazine. 21 June 2012.
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