| Conselho de Estado | |
 | |
| Council overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 20 May 2002 |
| Jurisdiction | East Timor |
| Headquarters | Dili |
| Council executive | |
| Key document | |
| Website | Text of the Constitution |
The Council of State (Portuguese : Conselho de Estado, Tetum : Conselho de Estado) is a body established by the East Timorese Constitution to advise the President of the Republic in the exercise of many of his or her discretionary powers. [1]
The East Timorese Council of State is modelled on its Portuguese counterpart, which traces its history back to 1385. [2] Portugal was the European colonizing power in East Timor between 1702 [3] and 1975. [4]
The then Portuguese Council of State was declared extinct in October 1910 when the Portuguese monarchy was overthrown. In 1931, however, during the Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship), a National Political Council was created. Two years later, upon the adoption of Portugal's Constitution of 1933 creating the Estado Novo (New State), the National Political Council became the Council of State. The Constitution of 1933 remained in force until 1976. [2]
The present Portuguese Council of State is a product of the 1982 review of Portugal's Constitution of 1976. [5] The East Timorese Constitution providing for a similar East Timorese body came into force in 2002. [1]
According to section 90 of the Constitution, the Council of State is headed by the President of the Republic and comprises the following members: [1]
Section 91 of the Constitution states that the function of the Council of State is to: [1]
A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state. The name given to the office of head of state depends on the country's form of government and any separation of powers; the powers of the office in each country range from being also the head of government to being little more than a ceremonial figurehead.
José Alexandre "Xanana" Gusmão is an East Timorese politician. He has served as the 6th prime minister of East Timor since 2023, previously serving in that position from 2007 to 2015. A former rebel, he also served as East Timor's first president since its re-establishment of independence, from 2002 to 2007.
The political system in East Timor is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of East Timor is the head of government and the President of East Timor functions as head of state. East Timor has a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the president and the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Parliament. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The East Timorese constitution was modelled on that of Portugal, with lesser power given to the president. The country is still in the process of building its administration and governmental institutions. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated East Timor a "flawed democracy" in 2022.
The national flag of Timor-Leste consists of a red field with the black isosceles triangle based on the hoist-side bearing a white five-pointed star in the center superimposed on the larger yellow triangle, also based on the hoist-side, that extends to the center of the flag.
The present Constitution of Portugal was adopted in 1976 after the Carnation Revolution. It was preceded by a number of constitutions including the first one created in 1822, 1826, 1838, 1911, and 1933.
The Council of State is a body established by the Portuguese Constitution to advise the President of the Republic in the exercise of many of his or her discretionary powers.
The prime minister of East Timor, officially the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste, is the head of government in East Timor.
The national emblem of Timor-Leste, also known as the Belak, is one of the national symbols of the country.
The Supreme Court of Justice is the highest court of law in Portugal without prejudice to the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court.
The present Constitution of the Republic of Albania was adopted by the Parliament of Albania on 21 October 1998 and certified by presidential decree on 28 November 1998, following a public referendum which approved the new Constitution. It is split up over many different acts. The document succeeded the 1976 Constitution, originally adopted at the creation of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania on 28 December 1976 and heavily amended on 29 April 1991.
Constituent Assembly elections were held in East Timor on 30 August 2001, the second anniversary of the independence referendum. One member was elected from each of the country's thirteen districts, whilst a further 75 were elected by proportional representation. The result was a victory for Fretilin, which won 55 of the 88 seats. Voter turnout was 93%. Following the election the Constituent Assembly nominated a transitional Council of Ministers with Mari Alkatiri as Chief Minister.
The political status of the Azores is defined by the Political-Administrative Statute of the Autonomous Region of the Azores, which acts as the standard legal constitutional framework for the autonomy of the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. It defines the scope of the autonomous regional government and the structure and functioning of the region's organs of government within the framework of the 1976 Constitution of Portugal. The autonomous region of Madeira has a similar status.
The Constitution of East Timor entered into force on 20 May 2002, and was the country's first constitution after it gained independence from Portugal in 1975 and from Indonesia, which invaded East Timor on 7 December 1975 and left in 1999 following a UN-sponsored referendum.
The East Timor Supreme Court of Justice, also known as the Court of Appeal of East Timor, is the highest court of East Timor. It was established by the Constitution of East Timor with ultimate jurisdiction over all legal, constitutional and electoral matters.
Maria Domingas Fernandes Alves, nickname Mana (sister) Micato or Mikato, resistance name Beta Mau, is a women's rights activist, former resistance fighter, civil servant and non-party politician from East Timor. From 2007 to 2012 she was Minister of Social Solidarity.
Dionísio da Costa Babo Soares is an East Timorese politician, and a member of the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT). From June 2018 to May 2020, he was the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, under the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor; he had earlier served as Minister of State, Coordinator of State Administration Affairs and Justice, Minister of State Administration, and Minister of Justice.
Adriano do Nascimento is an East Timorese politician, teacher and university lecturer. He is a member of the Democratic Party (PD). Between 2007 and 2017, he was a member of the National Parliament of East Timor, and from October 2017 to June 2018, he was minister in the presidency of the Council of Ministers in the VII Constitutional Government of East Timor. In June 2018, he resumed his membership of the National Parliament.
The Constitutional Government is the administration or cabinet under the Constitution of East Timor, which refers to it simply as "The Government".
José Agostinho Sequeira, also known by his nom de guerreSomotxo Matar Mimiraka, is an East Timorese politician and former guerilla, and a member of the Fretilin political party. In 2006–2007, he was Vice Minister of Interior, and in 2017–2018 he was Minister for Defence and Security. Since 2018, he has been a Member of the National Parliament.
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