This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(November 2022) |
County of Montbéliard | |||||||||
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1042–1793 | |||||||||
![]() Location of the County of Montbéliard | |||||||||
Status | State of the Holy Roman Empire | ||||||||
Capital | Montbéliard | ||||||||
Government | Feudal County | ||||||||
Historical era | Middle Ages Early modern period | ||||||||
• Established by Henry III | 1042 | ||||||||
• Acquired by County of Württemberg | 1444 | ||||||||
• Württemberg raised to duchy | 1495 | ||||||||
1793 | |||||||||
• Ceded to France | 1796 | ||||||||
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The Princely County of Montbéliard (French : Comté princier de Montbéliard; German : Grafschaft Mömpelgard), was a princely county of the Holy Roman Empire seated in the city of Montbéliard in the present-day Franche-Comté region of France. From 1444 onwards it was held by the House of Württemberg. It had full voting rights in the Reichstag.
The county was established in 1042 by Emperor Henry III on the territory of the County of Burgundy, part of the Kingdom of Burgundy, a constituent of the Empire since 1033. It was led by a line of Counts of Montbéliard descending from Conrad's vassal Louis of Mousson in Upper Lorraine, husband of Countess Sophie of Bar, and their successors from the Scarpone family. In 1163 Lord Amadeus II of Montfaucon became Count of Montbéliard by marriage to Sophie, daughter of Count Theodoric II (Thierry II), who left no male heirs.
In 1407, the marriage of Countess Henriette, heiress of Count Stephen of Montfaucon with Eberhard IV of Württemberg tipped the county into the fold of the Swabian nobility in Germany. In addition to the County of Montbéliard, Countess Henrietta brought wedding dowries: fiefdoms, such as lordships in Granges-le-Bourg, Clerval, Passavant, Etobon, Porrentruy, with the fiefdoms of Saint-Hippolyte, and lands of Franquemont (Goumois). Some of them were in the County of Burgundy, but the countess administered the County of Burgundy by the sovereign right by virtue of the legacy that is of her grandfather Stephen of Montfaucon, and the tribute that she received from the Burgundian Duke John the Fearless. By the advent of this marriage, inheritance of the County of Montbéliard and its dependencies added to Württemberg who brought the lordship of Riquewihr, Ferrette and the County of Horbourg in Alsace.
Eberhard IV died in 1419 and upon Henriette's death in 1444, Montbéliard was adjudicated to their son Count Ludwig I of Württemberg-Urach. His son Eberhard V annexed Montbéliard as part of the united County of Württemberg, though it still retained its status as an immediate territory and separate county within the County. It was not a vassalage of Württemberg; it was his equal but hereditary committed to the marriage of Count Eberhard IV by Henriette. De facto, the Romance territory would retain "all its rights, traditions and customs, as well as its language" as it was customary in the vast Holy Roman Empire. In 1495 the Count of Montbeliard Eberhard V of Württemberg was raised to the rank of Duke and the county became the "Principality of Montbéliard".
In spite of vicissitudes, Montbéliard was ruled by junior branches of the House of Württemberg for several centuries. Count Frederick I of Montbéliard again inherited the Duchy of Württemberg in 1593, but in 1617 the county was again separated for his younger son Ludwig Frederick and ruled by his descendants until it fell back to Württemberg in 1723. With the annexation in 1748 of the "Four Lands" (land dependent Héricourt – Châtelot – Clémont – Blamont) by King Louis XV of France, the Principality was reduced to a "single county" until the French Revolution, or more precisely until November 1793. However it maintained its 80th vote in the Imperial Diet.
In 1793, the County of Montbéliard was occupied by the First French Republic, bringing it forty new townships (Abbévillers, Aibre, Allenjoie, Allondans, Arbouans, Audincourt, Badevel, Bart, Bavans, Bethoncourt, Bretigney, Brognard, Courcelles-lès-Montbéliard, Couthenans, Dambenois, Dampierre-les-Bois, Dasle, Désandans, Dung, Étouvans, Étupes, Exincourt, Fesches-le-Châtel, Grand-Charmont, Issans, Laire, Montbéliard, Nommay, Présentevillers, Raynans, Sainte-Marie, Sainte-Suzanne, Saint-Julien-lès-Montbéliard, Semondans, Sochaux, Taillecourt, Valentigney, Le Vernoy, Vieux-Charmont and Voujeaucourt). With Mandeure, from the Republic of Mandeure annexed at the same time, these municipalities were first linked to the département of Haute-Saône, constituting the new district of Montbéliard in 1793, including 3 cantons (Audincourt, Désandans and Montbéliard).
After the French forces under Jean Victor Marie Moreau had campaigned Württemberg in the course of the War of the First Coalition in 1796, Duke Frederick II Eugene finally renounce all rights to Montbéliard. In 1797, the cantons were transferred to the département Mont-Terrible. The département was abolished in 1800, being annexed to the Haut-Rhin département. With the new arrangement put in place that year, there were more than 2 cantons (Audincourt and Montbéliard) in the District of Porrentruy. In 1814, Haut-Rhin lost the territories which had been part of Mont-Terrible and returned them to Switzerland, with the exception of Montbéliard, which was transferred to the department of Doubs.
Montbéliard had been Catholic until 1524, when Duke Ulrich sent for French theologian William Farel to bring the teachings of Oecolampadius to the county. [1]
Montbéliard is a town in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France, about 13 km (8 mi) from the border with Switzerland. It is one of the two subprefectures of the department.
Friedrich Eugen, Duke of Württemberg was the fourth son of Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg, and Princess Maria Augusta of Thurn and Taxis. He was born in Stuttgart. From 1795 until 1797 he was Duke of Württemberg.
Ulrich V, nicknamed the Much-Loved, was Count of Württemberg from 1419 and then count of Württemberg-Stuttgart until his death in 1480.
Eberhard IV, called the Younger, was Count of Württemberg from 1417 until his death in 1419.
Eberhard III, nicknamed the Mild, was Count of Württemberg from 1392 until his death in 1417.
Ludwig I was Count of Württemberg from 1419 and then count of Württemberg-Urach until his death in 1450.
The Château de Montbéliard, also known as the Château des ducs de Württemberg is a fortress located on an outcropping rock that overlooks the town of Montbéliard in the Doubs département of France. Since 1996, it has been classified as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. The property of the commune, it is open to the public.
Henriette was Sovereign Countess of Montbéliard from 1397 until 1444.
John Frederick of Württemberg was the Duke of Württemberg from 4 February 1608 until his death on 18 July 1628 whilst en route to Heidenheim.
The County of Württemberg was a historical territory with origins in the realm of the House of Württemberg, the heart of the old Duchy of Swabia. Its capital was Stuttgart. From the 12th century until 1495, it was a county within the Holy Roman Empire. It later became a duchy and, after the breakup of the Holy Roman Empire, a kingdom.
Theodoric I was a Count of Montbéliard, Count of Bar and lord of Mousson and Count of Verdun. He was the son of Louis, Count of Montbéliard, and Sophie, Countess of Bar and Lady of Mousson.
Theodoric II was Count of Montbéliard (1105–1163). He was the son of Theodoric I, Count of Montbéliard, Bar and Verdun, and Ermentrude of Burgundy.
Franquemont is an ancient lordship on the banks of the river Doubs dominated by the castle of Franquemont. It comprised the river banks from le Theusseret to Le Moulin du Plain, the valley, hamlets, mills and villages of Gourgouton, Montbaron, Vautenaivre, Beaujour and Goumois.
Henry of Württemberg was, from 1473 to 1482, count of Montbéliard.
Barbara Sophia of Brandenburg was duchess of Württemberg by marriage to Duke John Frederick of Württemberg and acted as regent of the Duchy of Württemberg for their minor son, Duke Eberhard III of Württemberg, in 1631–1633. She was the daughter of the Catherine of Küstrin (1549–1602) and Elector Joachim Frederick of Brandenburg.
Louis Frederick of Württemberg-Montbéliard was the founder of a cadet line of the House of Württemberg known as the Dukes of Württemberg-Montbéliard.
Duke George II of Württemberg-Montbéliard was Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard from 1662 until his death.
Duke Julius Frederick of Württemberg-Weiltingen, was the first duke of Württemberg-Weiltingen.
Leopold Eberhard of Württemberg-Montbéliard, was a German prince member of the House of Württemberg. He was Count of Coligny since 1680 and Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard since 1699 until his death. The first half of his life he was in exile and in military service of the House of Austria and lived for a long time in Silesia; only in 1697 he and his family were able to return of Montbéliard, and two years later he assumed the government as the last legitimate male member of his dynasty. He gained a doubtful fame mainly through his arbitrary and absolutist rule as well as by his extravagant family life, which is why he is considered the "Black Sheep" of the House of Württemberg.
AdalbertIICount of Mörsberg was Vogt of the monasteries Allerheiligen in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, and Pfaffen-Schwabenheim near Bad Kreuznach, Germany, Count of Dill, Germany, and Mörsberg, as well as owner of the Mörsburg castle near Winterthur.