Events from the year 1873 in Canada.
Events from the year 1874 in Canada.
Events from the year 1876 in Canada.
Events from the year 1878 in Canada.
Events from the year 1877 in Canada.
Edgar Dewdney,was a Canadian surveyor,road builder,Indian commissioner and politician born in Devonshire,England. He emigrated to British Columbia in 1859 in order to act as surveyor for the Dewdney Trail that runs through the province. In 1870,Dewdney decided to take up a role in Canadian government. In this year,he was elected to the Legislative Council of British Columbia as a representative form the Kootenay region. In 1872,he was elected as a member of Federal Government for the Yale region representing the Conservative party. He was reelected to this position in 1874 and again in 1878. Dewdney served as Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories from 1879 to 1888,and the fifth Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia from 1892 to 1897. Additionally,he served as the Indian commissioner in the North-West Territories from 1879 until 1888. In 1897,Dewdney retired from politics and began working as a financial agent until his death in 1916.
Alexander Morris was a Canadian politician. He served in the cabinet of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald (1869–1872),and was the second Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba (1872–1877). He also served as the founder and first Lieutenant Governor of the District of Keewatin.
Treaty 7 is an agreement between the Crown and several,mainly Blackfoot,First Nation band governments in what is today the southern portion of Alberta. The idea of developing treaties for Blackfoot lands was brought to Blackfoot chief Crowfoot by John McDougall in 1875. It was concluded on September 22nd,1877 and December 4th,1877. The agreement was signed at the Blackfoot Crossing of the Bow River,at the present-day Siksika Nation reserve,approximately 75 km (47 mi) east of Calgary,Alberta. Chief Crowfoot was one of the signatories to Treaty 7. Another signing on this treaty occurred on December 4,1877 to accommodate some Blackfoot leaders who were not present at the primary September 1877 signing.
A tribal council is an association of First Nations bands in Canada,generally along regional,ethnic or linguistic lines.
Treaty Five is a treaty that was first established in September,1875,between Queen Victoria and Saulteaux and Swampy Cree non-treaty band governments and peoples around Lake Winnipeg in the District of Keewatin. Much of what is today central and northern Manitoba was covered by the treaty,as were a few small adjoining portions of the present-day provinces of Saskatchewan and Ontario. The Treaty was completed in two rounds. The first was from September 1875 to September 1876. The Crown intended in 1875 to include only "the Indians [east and west] of Lake Winnipeg for the surrender of the Territory uncovered by previous treaties" including "the proposed migration of the Norway House band". Pimicikamak territory was north of the lake. It was included by accident or design of Tepastenam attending the Norway House signing. Additional peoples and groups signed on between 1908 and 1910.
Treaty 6 is the sixth of the numbered treaties that were signed by the Canadian Crown and various First Nations between 1871 and 1877. It is one of a total of 11 numbered treaties signed between the Canadian Crown and First Nations. Specifically,Treaty 6 is an agreement between the Crown and the Plains and Woods Cree,Assiniboine,and other band governments at Fort Carlton and Fort Pitt. Key figures,representing the Crown,involved in the negotiations were Alexander Morris,Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories;James McKay,The Minister of Agriculture for Manitoba;and W.J. Christie,the Chief Factor of the Hudson's Bay Company. Chief Mistawasis and Chief Ahtahkakoop represented the Carlton Cree.
Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914) is history of Canada from the formation of the Dominion to the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Canada had a population of 3.5 million,residing in the large expanse from Cape Breton to just beyond the Great Lakes,usually within a hundred miles or so of the Canada–United States border. One in three Canadians was French,and about 100,000 were aboriginal. It was a rural country composed of small farms. With a population of 115,000,Montreal was the largest city,followed by Toronto and Quebec at about 60,000. Pigs roamed the muddy streets of Ottawa,the small new national capital.
Treaty 4 is a treaty established between Queen Victoria and the Cree and Saulteaux First Nation band governments. The area covered by Treaty 4 represents most of current day southern Saskatchewan,plus small portions of what are today western Manitoba and southeastern Alberta. This treaty is also called the Qu'Appelle Treaty,as its first signings were conducted at Fort Qu'Appelle,North-West Territories,on 15 September 1874. Additional signings or adhesions continued until September 1877. This treaty is the only indigenous treaty in Canada that has a corresponding indigenous interpretation.
Fort Pitt Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Fort Pitt was built in 1829 by the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and was a trading post on the North Saskatchewan River in Rupert's Land. It was built at the direction of Chief Factor John Rowand,previously of Fort Edmonton,to trade for bison hides,meat and pemmican. Pemmican,dried buffalo meat,was required as provisions for HBC's northern trading posts.
The Council of Keewatin was an unelected legislative body and territorial government for the now defunct District of Keewatin in Canada. The District of Keewatin was created by the passage of the Keewatin Act on October 7,1876 from a portion of Canada's North West Territories. Lieutenant Governor Alexander Morris convinced the government that the new territorial government of the North West Territories would be unable to effectively administer land to the north and east of Manitoba. Shortly after the District of Keewatin was formed a large group of Icelanders arrived,infected with smallpox which quickly spread to the indigenous First Nation population. The Government of Canada allowed the Council to be formed for the purpose of containing the smallpox epidemic. The Council also administered Indian treaty claims,immigrant land claims,Hudson's Bay Company trading post concerns as well as policing and health care. The Council lasted from November 25,1876,until April 16,1877,after which control of the territory was returned under federal authority.
The history of the Northwest Territories covers the period from thousands of years ago to the present day. Prior to European colonization,the lands that encompass present-day Northwest Territories were inhabited for millennia by several First Nations. European explorers and fur traders began to explore the region since the late-16th century. By the 17th century,the British laid claim to both the North-Western Territory and Rupert's Land;and granted the Hudson's Bay Company a commercial fur trade monopoly over the latter region.
The following is an alphabetical list of topics related to Indigenous peoples in Canada,comprising the First Nations,Inuit and Métis peoples.
The Iron Confederacy or Iron Confederation was a political and military alliance of Plains Indians of what is now Western Canada and the northern United States. This confederacy included various individual bands that formed political,hunting and military alliances in defense against common enemies. The ethnic groups that made up the Confederacy were the branches of the Cree that moved onto the Great Plains around 1740,the Saulteaux,the Nakoda or Stoney people also called Pwat or Assiniboine,and the Métis and Haudenosaunee. The Confederacy rose to predominance on the northern Plains during the height of the North American fur trade when they operated as middlemen controlling the flow of European goods,particularly guns and ammunition,to other Indigenous nations,and the flow of furs to the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and North West Company (NWC) trading posts. Its peoples later also played a major part in the bison (buffalo) hunt,and the pemmican trade. The decline of the fur trade and the collapse of the bison herds sapped the power of the Confederacy after the 1860s,and it could no longer act as a barrier to U.S. and Canadian expansion.
Mistawasis was a Chief of the Sak-kaw-wen-o-wak Plains Cree,notable for his role as the leader of his people during the signing of Treaty 6 in 1876,to which he was the first signatory. Due to the dwindling buffalo population caused by excessive hunting,he was forced to look for new strategies to ensure the survival of his people and their culture. He believed the only way to save his people was to negotiate with the Canadian Government. As a result of his strong influence over the Cree people,he and his close ally Ahtahkakoop were able to argue successfully for the adoption of Treaty 6 by his fellow Cree. After the treaty was signed he remained an ally of the Canadian government until his death.
James Andrew Joseph McKenna is best known for participating in negotiations with a number of indigenous peoples on behalf of the Dominion of Canada,including during the creation of Treaty 8,and Treaty 10.
