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Sindh is a province of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province by population after Punjab. It is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Balochistan to the west and north-west and Punjab to the north. It shares an International border with the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east; it is also bounded by the Arabian Sea to the south. Sindh's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River, the Thar Desert of Sindh in the eastern portion of the province along the international border with India, and the Kirthar Mountains in the western portion of the province.
Sindhis are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who speak the Sindhi language and are native to the Sindh province of Pakistan. The historical homeland of Sindhis is bordered by the southeastern part of Balochistan, the Bahawalpur region of Punjab and the Kutch region of Gujarat. Having been isolated throughout history, unlike its neighbours, Sindhi culture has preserved its own uniqueness.
Sindhology is a field of South Asian studies and academic research that covers the history, society, culture, literature and people of Sindh, Pakistan. The subject was first brought into the academic circles with the establishment of the Institute of Sindhology at Sindh University in 1964. Since then, it has developed into a discipline that covers the aspects of history and archaeology from the Indus Valley civilization to the modern Sindhi society. The subject has also received wider attention at international levels. An academic or expert who specialises in Sindhology is called a Sindhologist.
Shah Nawaz Bhutto, was a politician and a member of Bhutto family hailing from Larkana in the Sind region of the Bombay Presidency of British India, which is now Sindh, Pakistan.
Soomro, Soomra,Sumrah or Sumra is a tribe having a local origin in Sindh. They are found in Sindh, parts of Punjab especially bordering Sindh, Balochistan province, and the Kutch district of the Indian state of Gujarat and also Rajasthan.
Samma is a community called Sammat and a tribe that has origins in Sindh. The Samma are spread across Pakistan and North-West India. The Sandhai Muslims are Samma who converted to Islam. Offshoots of the main branch of Samma include the Jadejas and Chudasamas of India.
The Jatoi is a Sindhi Baloch tribe in Sindh and the Kacchi Plain in the east of Balochistan. Balochi traditional ballads tell of a leader named Mir Jalal Khan who had four sons, Rind, Lashar, Hot, and Korai, and a daughter Jato, who married his nephew Morad. These five are, according to these ballads, the eponymous founders of the five tribes of the Rinds, Lasharis, Hoths, Korais, and Jatois.
The history of Sindh refers to the history of the Pakistani province of Sindh, as well as neighboring regions that periodically came under its sway.
Indher or Indhar is a clan of the Sindhi Bhati Rajputs. The tribe is scattered in various parts of Sindh and Bahawalpur. They live mostly along the border of the river Indus in districts Ghotki, Sukkur and Shikarpur.
Chachar or Chacher is a Sindhi agricultural tribe. They are found in the Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. In Sindh, majority of them are settled at Sukkur, Ghotki, Kashmore, Jacobabad and Larkana districts. While a minority at Nawabshah, Thatta, Tharparkar and Hyderabad. In Punjab, they are settled at Multan, Khushab, Toba Tek Singh, Sargodha and Sahiwal, while majority of them are found at Mithankot and Chachran Sharif. In Punjab, they speak Saraiki and some of them go by "Rana".
Agriculturist Chachars own land in the area between Guddu Barrage and Thatta. Chachars in the Sukkur area were involved in a feud with members of the Mahar tribe in the early years of the 21st century.
Mahesar is a Sindhi Sammat or Rajput origin tribe in Sindh, Pakistan and in some parts of India. Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai in his poetry has used the word of Mahesar which means Murshid or Kamil and guiding soul.
The Hingora is a Sindhi Muslim tribe found in the Sindh province of Pakistan and in Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan. They are one of a number of communities of Maldhari pastoral nomads found in the Banni region of Kutch.
The Hingorja is a Sindhi Muslim tribe, found in the province of Sindh in Pakistan. They are one of a number of communities of pastoral nomads found in the Banni region of Kutch.
Shah Inayatullah, popularly known as Sufi Shah Inayat Shaheed, Shah Shaheed or Shah Inayat of Jhok, was a 17th-century Sindhi Sufi saint and revolutionary from Jhok. He was the first socialist and agricultural reformist of Sindh.
Juneja/Junejo is a Sindhi Sammat Rajput clan found in Sindh, Pakistan and in some parts of India. The most notable Juneja include: Jam Juna II, a ruler of Sindh and Muhammad Khan Junejo, former prime minister of Pakistan.
Solangi is a Sindhi tribe found in Sindh and South Punjab. They live in almost every district of Sindh.
Lakho Phulani, (Sindhi: لاکو ڦلاڻي, born in 920 A.D at ) also known as Lakho Fulani or Lakho Phoolani, was a notable historical character who ruled parts of Sindh, Kutch and Saurashtra. who in Sindh, struggled to establish a permanent and stable government of the Sindhis. He was ruler of Sind in 10th century. Dr. Nabi Bakhsh Baloch writes: Sindh's Lakho Phulani made big raids on the Gujarat side and defeated the violent people forever. For those who began the process of mutilation, it was historically valid. Atkot is a historical town, said to have been settled by Lakho Phulani. He also built Lakheshwar temple in Kera, Kutch.
The Sindhi Jats are the Sindhi community, who are the indigenous population of Sindh.
Dahar or Daher is a Sindhi tribe, the Daharki city is named after this tribe. It is one of prominent tribes in Ghotki.
Lakha, Lakhah or Lakho is a Sindhi Sammat tribe of Sindh. In Pakistan, it is found in Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan provinces. In India, it is found in the state of Gujarat.
References
- ↑ Nahyan, Mansoor Bin Tahnoon Al; Hussain, Jamal; Ghafoor, Asad ul (2019-05-09). Tribes of Pakistan. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5275-3439-1.
Other Sindhi aboriginal tribes are the Bhutto, Mahar, Solangi, Dahar, Indhar, Chachar, Dhareja,
- ↑ Buriro Sewhani, Khair Mohammad (2005). ذاتين جي انسائيڪلوپيڊيا (in Sindhi). p. 348.
- ↑ Siddiqui, Habibullah (1987). Education in Sind: Past and Present. Institute of Sindhology, University of Sind. p. 120. ISBN 978-969-405-009-6.
- ↑ Quddus, Syed Abdul (1992). Sindh, the Land of Indus Civilisation. Royal Book Company. p. 93. ISBN 978-969-407-131-2.
- ↑ Sind Quarterly. Shah Abdul Latif Cultural Society. 1994.
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