The County of Mark was a county and state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle. It lay on both sides of the Ruhr River along the Volme and Lenne rivers.
The Duchy of Cleves was a State of the Holy Roman Empire which emerged from the medieval Hettergau. It was situated in the northern Rhineland on both sides of the Lower Rhine, around its capital Cleves and the towns of Wesel, Kalkar, Xanten, Emmerich, Rees and Duisburg bordering the lands of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster in the east and the Duchy of Brabant in the west. Its history is closely related to that of its southern neighbours: the Duchies of Jülich and Berg, as well as Guelders and the Westphalian county of Mark. The Duchy was archaically known as Cleveland in English.
William of Jülich-Cleves-Berge was a Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1539–1592). William was born in and died in Düsseldorf. He was the only son of John III, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, and Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Berg. William took over rule of his father's estates upon his death in 1539. Despite his mother having lived until 1543, William also became the Duke of Berg and Jülich and the Count of Ravensberg.
Arnold of Egmond was Duke of Guelders, Count of Zutphen.
The House of La Marck was a noble family, which from about 1200 appeared as the counts of Mark.
Adolph I of Cleves was the second Count of Cleves and the fourth Count of Mark.
William was Duke of Guelders, as William I, from 1377 and Duke of Jülich, as William III, from 1393. William was known for his military activities, participating in the Prussian crusade five times and battling with neighbors in France and Brabant throughout his rule. His allies included Holy Roman Emperors, Charles IV and Wenceslaus, Richard II of England, and Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. During his reign the duchies of Guelders and Jülich were temporarily unified.
Adolph III of the Marck was the Prince-Bishop of Münster from 1357 to 1363, the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne in 1363, the Count of Cleves from 1368 to 1394, and the Count of Mark from 1391 to 1393.
Margaret of Cleves may refer to:
Dietrich VII (1256–1305) was Count of Cleves from 1275 through 1305. He was the son of Dietrich VI, Count of Cleves and his wife Aleidis von Heinsberg. Dietrich adopted the strategy used in Holland, in the county of Cleves, methodically reclaiming territory with dikes and settling new residents.
Otto was Count of Cleves from 1305 through 1310.
Johann, was the last Count of Cleves, from 1347 through 1368. Upon his death in 1368, the counties of Cleves and Count of Mark were united.
Gerhard VI of Jülich, Count of Berg and Ravensberg was the son of William V, Duke of Jülich and Joanna of Hainaut.
Gerhard V of Jülich, Count of Jülich (1297–1328), was the youngest son of William IV, Count of Jülich and Richardis of Guelders, daughter of Gerard III, Count of Guelders.
Adolph II of the Marck was Count of the Marck.
Engelbert III of the Mark (1333–1391) was the Count of Mark from 1347 until 1391.
Elizabeth of Nevers was Duchess of Cleves from 1455 until her death, due to her marriage with John I of Cleves-Mark. She acted as regent of the Duchy of Cleves during the absence of her spouse in 1477.
Eberhard I was a German nobleman. He was Count of the Mark from 1277 until his death. He was the son of Engelbert I, Count of the Mark and Kunigunde of Blieskastel, daughter of Count Henry I of Blieskastel.
Margaret of Cleves, also spelled Margaretha or Margarethe was the wife of Count Adolf II of the Marck and mother of Adolf III of the Marck. She was a daughter of Count Dietrich VIII of Cleves and Margaret of Guelders, who was a daughter of Reginald I of Guelders.
Frederick III of Moers was a German nobleman. He was Count of Moers by inheritance and Count of Saarwerden by jure uxoris.
