| Dorcus titanus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Dorcus titanus from Sumatra, Indonesia | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Lucanidae |
| Genus: | Dorcus |
| Species: | D. titanus |
| Binomial name | |
| Dorcus titanus (Boisduval, 1835) | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Dorcus titanus is a beetle of the family Lucanidae. It was described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1835. Huang and Chen (2013) separated Serognathus from Dorcus by representing morphological characters and DNA analysis.
Males measure 32.0–111.3 millimetres (1.26–4.38 in) including mandibles; females 36.5–54 millimetres (1.44–2.13 in). It has an elongated, somewhat flat body dull black with blackish antennae and legs. Male's antler-like jaws have small teeth along inner edge and a pair of big teeth toward the bottom, and are forked at end. The head of a large male reaches nearly the length of its prothorax and abdomen combined. [2]
Adults can be seen from May to August. They feed on tree juice, especially of Quercus species. Females lay eggs on the underground part of fallen oaks. The eggs hatch in about a month and the larvae feed on rotten wood. The larval period lasts about one year. The complete life cycle can last approximately from 1 to 2 years. [2]
This species is widely distributed in Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, India, Japan, China, Taiwan and Korea. [1] [3]
It mainly inhabits tropical rainforests and temperate forests from lowland to mountains. [2]
This beetle has some commercial value and export from some regions is criminalized. There are some Asian cultures that assign aphrodisiac properties to this insect.[ citation needed ] However, most are imported for sport, decorative show, or to be kept as an exotic pet. This stag beetle is also popular pet in Asia and Europe.
Hiroshi Fujita, a Japanese collector belonged to Mushi-sha insect shop, described over 20 new subspecies of D. titanus in his book "The Lucanid Beetles of the World". His subspecies included 11 subspecies in Japan alone. Also, he divided D. titanus titanus in the Malay Archipelago into D. titanus yasuokai, D. titanus typhon, D. titanus nobuyukii and others. Fujita's subspecies are in dispute and not widely accepted.
Currently 23 subspecies are extant: [4]
Stag beetles are a family of about 1,200 species of beetles in the family Lucanidae, currently classified in four subfamilies. Some species grow to over 12 centimetres, but most to about 5 cm (2 in).
The sika deer, also known as the spotted deer or the Japanese deer, is a species of deer native to much of East Asia and introduced to other parts of the world. Previously found from northern Vietnam in the south to the Russian Far East in the north, it is now uncommon except in Japan, where the species is overabundant.
Allomyrina dichotoma, also known as Japanese rhinoceros beetle, Japanese horned beetle, or kabutomushi (カブトムシ), is a species of rhinoceros beetle.
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Dorcus is a genus of beetles in the family Lucanidae. Of the 30-odd species, most occur in Asia and India; two are found in southern Europe, and two species are from North America. Previously, specimens with serriform teeth on the mandibles and sable pigment were called Serrognathus whereas specimens with but a singular or multiple bulky notches on the mandibles and lustrous sable pigmentation were called Dorcus. Serrognathus was recently reclassified and merged into the genus Dorcus.
Odontolabis cuvera, the golden stag beetle, is a beetle of the family Lucanidae, stag beetles.
The Lucanidae are a family of beetles that include the stag beetles. The family can be further subdivided in a taxonomy. The classification presented here follows Smith (2006), with the exception of the tribal classification within the Lucaninae.
Hexarthrius parryi, the fighting giant stag beetle, is a species of large stag beetles. It belongs to the genus Hexarthrius of the tribe Lucanini. It is classified under the subfamily Lucaninae of the stag beetle family Lucanidae.
Dorcus taurus is a species of beetle belonging to the family Lucanidae which was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1801.
Odontolabis gazella is a species of beetles belonging to the family Lucanidae.
Syndesus ambericus is an extinct species of stag beetles in the subfamily Syndesinae known from a single possibly Miocene fossil found on Hispaniola. S. ambericus is the first species of stag beetle to have been described from fossils found in Dominican amber and is one of four species from amber, and the only stag beetle species known from the Caribbean.
Geodorcus helmsi or Helms's stag beetle is a large, slow-moving, flightless stag beetle in the family Lucanidae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
Pristionchus is a genus of nematodes (roundworms) in the family Diplogastridae that currently includes more than 50 described species. They are known mainly as non-parasitic associates of insects, especially beetles, while others have been reported from soil, organic matter, or rotting wood. The genus includes P. pacificus, a satellite model organism to the well-studied nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Chondrorrhina abbreviata is a species of fruit and flower chafers belonging to the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Cetoniinae.
Dorcus rectus, the little stag beetle, is a species of beetles in the family Lucanidae. It can be found in China(Liaoning), Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Russia. These beetles have a distinctive red shell that separates them from Dorcus curvidens. Males of this species have been observed to have mandible trimorphism, a characteristic that has only been described in two species of Lucanidae—with the other one being Odontolabis cuvera—"and a small number of other invertebrates" as of 2017. The mandibles are used by males as weapons.
Cyclommatus elaphus is a species of the genus Cyclommatus from Indonesia. It is also the largest species of the genus Cyclommatus and can grow up to a maximum of 109 mm from the tip of the mandibles to the end of the abdomen.
Lucanus datunensis is a species of stag beetle endemic to the Tatun Mountain of Taiwan's Yangmingshan.It is first discovered in 1984. It is the smallest stag beetle in Taiwan and is an endangered species threatened by recent human activity.
Prosopocoilus buddha is a species of stag beetle in the tribe Cladognathini. This Asian species is variable, with several known subspecies and widely distributed from India to Sulawesi.
Aegus chelifer, is a species of stag beetle found in Indo-Malaya regional countries.
Aegus is a genus of stag beetles in the family Lucanidae. Comprising about 260 species in the genus, they are placed in the largest subfamily Lucaninae. They are distributed in South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific countries, but introduced accidentally to many parts of the islands.