Drammen

Last updated

Drammen kommune
Strømsø-Bragernes
Municipality
Union brygge.jpg
Drammensentral.jpg
Borsen og Skutebrygga.jpg
Drammensbrua sett fra Kloptjernveien.JPG
Flag of Drammen.png
Flag
Drammen komm.svg
Coat of arms
Norway Counties Viken Position.svg
Viken within
Norway
Nickname(s): 
Elvebyen, The River City
NO 3005 Drammen.svg
Drammen within Viken
Coordinates: 59°44′16″N10°12′18″E / 59.73778°N 10.20500°E / 59.73778; 10.20500 Coordinates: 59°44′16″N10°12′18″E / 59.73778°N 10.20500°E / 59.73778; 10.20500
Country Norway
County Viken
District Buskerud
Administrative centreDrammen
Government
 • Mayor (2019)Monica Myrvold Berg (Ap)
Area
 • Total137 km2 (53 sq mi)
 • Land135 km2 (52 sq mi)
 • Rank#366 in Norway
Population
 (Third quarter of 2022)
 • Total103,007 Increase2.svg [1]
 • Rank#6 in Norway
 • Change (10 years)
Increase2.svg +9.7%
Demonym Drammenser [2]
Official language
[3]
 •  Norwegian form Bokmål
Time zone UTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 code NO-3005
Website Official website
Data from Statistics Norway

Drammen (Norwegian pronunciation:  [dɾàmːən] ) is a city and municipality in Viken, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konnerud, Svelvik, Mjøndalen and Skoger.

Contents

Location

Drammen is located west of the Oslofjord and is situated approximately 44 km South-west of Oslo. There are more than 101 000 inhabitants in the municipality, but the city is the regional capital of an area with 82 000 inhabitants. Drammen and the surrounding communities are growing more than ever before. The city makes good use of the river and inland waterway called Drammensfjord, both for recreation, activities and housing.

Name and coat of arms

The Old Norse form of the city's name was Drafn, and this was originally the name of the inner part of Drammensfjord. The fjord is, however, probably named after the river Drammenselva (Norse Drǫfn), and this again is derived from drǫfn f 'wave'. [4] The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 17 November 1960. The arms has a silver-colored column on top a silver-colored bedrock crossed with a silver-colored key and sword against a blue background. [5] It is based upon the old seal dating from 1723 for Bragernes, one of the central parts of Drammen. The motto for Bragernes (in Latin) was In Fide Et Justitia Fortitudo (English: in faith and justice is strength), and the items in the seal are referring to this: key = faith, sword = justice, column on rocks = strength. [6]

Governance

On January 1, 2020, the municipalities of Svelvik, Nedre Eiker and Drammen merged to form «The New Drammen Municipality». The new municipality, which is now called Drammen, is located in Viken County and is Norway's seventh largest with over 100,000 residents. The main seat of the Greater Municipality is located in the city of Drammen. Drammen city had a population of 82.875 inhabitants in 2021, but serves as a regional centre for an area that had a population of 110.236 inhabitants in 2021. [7] The city is the country's record champion in environment and urban development, 21 prices since 2003 with 16 national and 5 international.

Districts

After the merger of the municipalities Drammen, Nedre Eiker and Svelvik in 2020, the municipality was then divided into ten municipal regions:

Municipal regions in Drammen. Drammen kommunedelene bla-gra.jpg
Municipal regions in Drammen.
Map of the urban area of Drammen 2021 Tettsteder i Drammen Kommune 2021.png
Map of the urban area of Drammen 2021

[8]

Map of Drammensfjorden Drammensfjorden.jpg
Map of Drammensfjorden

History

Rock carvings at Åskollen and Austad are 6000 to 7000 years old, and are the first signs of human activity in the area. The largest rock carving at Åskollen depicts a moose.

Elk carving, Askollen. Elch (Norwegen, Askollen).jpg
Elk carving, Åskollen.

Drammen originally consisted of three small seaports: Bragernes (on the northern side of the Drammenselva river) and Strømsø and Tangen (both on the southern side of the river). For trade purposes, small seaports were placed under market towns. Despite their geographical proximity, Bragernes was placed under Christiania and Strømsø under Tønsberg. For this reason, cooperation between the adjacent seaport towns was almost impossible.

In 1662, a merger was proposed to unite Strømsø and Bragernes to form a market town with the name Frederiksstrøm. The proposal was rejected by Frederick III of Denmark. Bragernes received limited market town rights in 1715, and merged with Strømsø to gain status as a single city on 19 June 1811. [9]

Its geographical location made the city favorable for seafaring, shipbuilding, log driving, timber trade. During the 19th century, paper and pulp industries were developed. Large parts of the city were ruined in the great fire of 12–13 July 1866, [10] which led to the reconstruction of the city centre, including the characteristic town square and Bragernes church. The Drammen Line (Drammenbanen ) opened in 1872 providing rail service between Drammen and Oslo. [11] [12]

In 1909, Drammen got the first trolleybus system in Scandinavia, the Drammen trolleybus. The lines ran until 1967. For many years the centre of Drammen suffered from heavy traffic. In 1970, Drammen Bridge with two lanes on European route E18 was built (expanded to four lanes in 2006) and in 1999 the opening of the Bragernes tunnel (Bragernestunnelen) diverted additional traffic away from the centre of the city. [13]

In recent years, the city centre has seen the introduction of new housing, shopping facilities, restaurants, cafes and bars, as well as a public pathway along the Drammenselva river. [14]

In 2011, Drammen observed its 200th anniversary with many citywide jubilee celebrations. [15] Drammen's district heating system was upgraded to use water-sourced heat pumps, drawing on local fjord water, to support population growth in the city. [16]

Geography

Drammen is one of the larger cities in Norway, and lies about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the capital of Norway, Oslo. The city centre lies at the end of a valley, on both sides of the Drammenselva river, and where the river meets the Drammensfjord. The Holmen island in Drammen is also the main harbor for car and fruit import in Norway.

The Drammen region is part of the metropolitan region around Oslo and the country's fifth largest urban area, it extends far beyond the municipal boundaries; into the municipalities of Lier, Asker, Øvre Eiker and Holmestrand. The total population of the settlement is 110,236 inhabitants as of 1 January 2021. [17]

In 2008 Drammen won the prestigious prize for the best city development in Europe. [18]

Climate

Drammen has a humid continental climate (Dfb). Located at a sheltered location at the head of a narrow fjord branch of innermost Oslofjord, Drammen is among the warmest cities in Scandinavia in summer. The warmest month on record was July 2018 with mean 22.3 °C (72.1 °F), average daily high 29.3 °C (84.7 °F) and 11 days with highs at or above 30 °C (86 °F). The all-time high 35 °C (95 °F) was recorded August 3, 1982, and is a tie with the national high for the month. The September record high is the national record. The all-time low −28 °C (−18 °F) was recorded in January 1987, which is the coldest month on record with mean −13.8 °C (7.2 °F) and average daily low −17.1 °C (1.2 °F). In more recent years, December 2010 was almost as cold. The average date for first overnight freeze (low below 0 °C (32 °F)) in autumn is 13 October (1981-2010 average). [19] The Drammen-Berskog weather station has been operating since 2004. An earlier weather station named Drammen-Marienlyst (3 m) operated from 1966 to 2003.

Climate data for Drammen 1991-2020 (8 m, avg high/low 2010–2019, extremes 1966-2020 includes earlier station)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)13.8
(56.8)		14.6
(58.3)		21.7
(71.1)		24.3
(75.7)		30.5
(86.9)		34
(93)		33.8
(92.8)		35
(95)		28.6
(83.5)		23.2
(73.8)		17.4
(63.3)		14.1
(57.4)		35
(95)
Average high °C (°F)−1.6
(29.1)		0.8
(33.4)		6.8
(44.2)		12.4
(54.3)		17.7
(63.9)		21.4
(70.5)		24.1
(75.4)		21.7
(71.1)		17.5
(63.5)		10.6
(51.1)		4.2
(39.6)		0.4
(32.7)		11.3
(52.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)−3.3
(26.1)		−2.4
(27.7)		1.3
(34.3)		6.1
(43.0)		11.2
(52.2)		15.3
(59.5)		18
(64)		16.4
(61.5)		11.9
(53.4)		5.8
(42.4)		1.7
(35.1)		−2.6
(27.3)		6.6
(43.9)
Average low °C (°F)−7.6
(18.3)		−6.1
(21.0)		−2.9
(26.8)		1.1
(34.0)		6.4
(43.5)		10.5
(50.9)		13.1
(55.6)		11.6
(52.9)		8.4
(47.1)		3.2
(37.8)		−1.1
(30.0)		−5.8
(21.6)		2.6
(36.6)
Record low °C (°F)−28
(−18)		−26.6
(−15.9)		−21.9
(−7.4)		−8.1
(17.4)		−3
(27)		1.4
(34.5)		5.2
(41.4)		3.6
(38.5)		−2.5
(27.5)		−9.2
(15.4)		−17.2
(1.0)		−24
(−11)		−28
(−18)
Average precipitation mm (inches)59.4
(2.34)		45.7
(1.80)		43.2
(1.70)		46.4
(1.83)		64.9
(2.56)		73.3
(2.89)		72.4
(2.85)		89.3
(3.52)		78.1
(3.07)		89.1
(3.51)		82.7
(3.26)		64.1
(2.52)		808.6
(31.85)
Source 1: eklima.no (extremes) = eklima> [20]
Source 2: yr.no (mean, precipitaiton) [21]

Demographics

Percentage Immigrants and Norwegian-born with immigrant parents in Drammen is 28 per cent, of which 25 per cent are Norwegian-born with immigrant parents.

Minorities (1st and 2nd generation) by country of origin in 2021 [22]
AncestryNumber
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 3,419
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 2,689
Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq 1,662
Flag of the Taliban.svg  Afghanistan 1,425
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 1,263
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 1,194
Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia 1,101
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 1,029
Flag of India.svg  India 959
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 923
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 908
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia & Herzegovina 824
Flag of Syria.svg  Syria 710
Flag of Eritrea.svg  Eritrea 706
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 663

Attractions

Aass Brewery Aass.JPG
Aass Brewery
Ovre sund bridge Ovre sund bru i den bla timen.jpg
Øvre sund bridge
Drammens museum Drammens museum.jpg
Drammens museum
Drammen Theater Drammens teater.jpg
Drammen Theater

Aass Brewery

Aass Brewery is the oldest surviving brewery in Norway, and has won acclaim for both its beer and its well-conserved building. Founded in 1834, the brewery's primary products are soft drinks, beer and aquavit. [23]

Bridges

Drammen Museum

The Drammen Museum of Art and Cultural History includes Marienlyst, a manor house from ca. 1770, museum building from 1930 with the museum's administration, permanent exhibitions and collections, and Lyche pavilion from 1990 with the gallery, temporary exhibitions and museum café, Halling yard, with 5 old buildings, the oldest from 1760s. The museum also includes the two largest preserved like farms in Drammen, Gulskogen Manor and Austad farm. [32]

Drammen Spiral

The Drammen Spiral is a road tunnel that allows access to the Skansen Ridge, 180 m (591 ft) above the town. It opened in 1961 on the site of a former quarry. [33]

Drammen Theater

Drammen Theater in Bragernes was built in 1869 and was designed by architect Emil Victor Langlet. The theater was the first modern theater in the country. It was designed in a complex Renaissance style with symmetrical facades and round arched windows. After Drammen Theater suffered total destruction by fire in December 1993, a new theater was rebuilt on the model of the original house. It was finished during February 1997. [34]

Drammensbadet

Drammensbadet is a public swimming and training facility located in Marienlyst, Drammen. It was one of the largest in Norway when it opened 1 September 2008. They have five indoor and four outdoor pools. [35]

Bragernes Torg (town square)

Bragernes Torg is the largest town square in Norway and one of the largest in the Nordics. [36]

Sport clubs

Bandy field Brakeroyabanen1.jpg
Bandy field

Notable residents

Public service & business

Betzy Kjelsberg, 1935 33512 Betzy Kjelsberg.jpg
Betzy Kjelsberg, 1935
Thorbjorn Jagland, 2016 Thorbjorn Jagland (30366602783) (cropped).jpg
Thorbjørn Jagland, 2016

The Arts

Peter Nicolai Arbo, 1874 Arbopeternicolai.jpg
Peter Nicolai Arbo, 1874
Katharina Nuttall, 2010 Katharina Nuttall video'-shoot.JPG
Katharina Nuttall, 2010

Sport

Ole Einar Bjoerndalen, 2007 Bjoerndalen cutout.JPG
Ole Einar Bjoerndalen, 2007

Twin towns – sister cities

Drammen is twinned with: [44]

Gallery - Churches & Tunnels

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References

  1. ↑ "Befolkning".
  2. ↑ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  3. ↑ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  4. ↑ Unger, Carl Rikard (1896). Sproglig-historiske studier (in Norwegian). Kristiania, Norge: H. Aschehoug & Co. p. 37. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
  5. ↑ Thorsnæs, Geir; Askheim, Svein (18 March 2022), "Drammen", Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian Bokmål), retrieved 30 June 2022
  6. ↑ "Kommunevåpen". Fotw.us. 5 July 2006. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
  7. ↑ "Tettsteders befolkning og areal". SSB (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  8. ↑ https://www.drammen.kommune.no/globalassets/om-kommunen/dokumenter/drammensguiden2020.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  9. ↑ Søbstad, Per Ivar. "Kort oversikt over Drammens historie". History of Drammen (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2006. Retrieved 7 December 2006.
  10. ↑ Tingle 1866.
  11. ↑ Tor Wisting. "Drammenbanen". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  12. ↑ Søbstad, Per Ivar. "Bybranner". History of Drammen (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 7 December 2006.
  13. ↑ "Drammen Bridge". structurae.net. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  14. ↑ "Steder – Buskerud – Drammen". Historier.no. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  15. ↑ "Drammen's 2011 bicentennial celebrations". Archived from the original on 31 July 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  16. ↑ Richard Anderson (10 March 2015). "Heat pumps extract warmth from ice cold water". BBC. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  17. ↑ "04859: Area and population of urban settlements (US) 2000 - 2021-PX-Web SSB".
  18. ↑ "CEU ECTP – The 7th European Urban and Regional Planning Awards 2008". Ceu-ectp.eu. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  19. ↑ "Første frostnatt". 25 September 2013.
  20. ↑ "EKlima". Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  21. ↑ "Weather statistics for Berskog".
  22. ↑ "09817: Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population (M) 2010 - 2021-PX-Web SSB". SSB. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  23. ↑ "Aass Brewery - About Us". english.aass.no. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011.
  24. ↑ "Øvre Sund Bru". bridgeinfo.net. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  25. ↑ "Bybrua". Drammen municipality. Open Publishing. 22 November 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
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  27. ↑ Tor Wisting. "Drammenbanen". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  28. ↑ "Nedre Eiker bru". Kartverket.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. ↑ "Nedre Eiker Bridge". www.wikidata.org. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  30. ↑ Borgen, Per Otto (1997). Hvor Drammenselven iler (in Norwegian) (Electronic reproduction ed.). Drammen: no#:Forl. for by- og bygdehistorie. p. 112. ISBN   8291649049.
  31. ↑ "Q11989673". www.wikidata.org. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  32. ↑ "Velkommen || Drammens Museum". Drammens.museum.no. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  33. ↑ Porter, Darin; Prince, Danforth (2005). Frommer's Norway. John Wiley & Sons. p. 166. ISBN   978-0-764-59810-4.
  34. ↑ "Drammen Teater".
  35. ↑ "Velkommen til Drammensbadet".
  36. ↑ Borgen, Per Otto (1 January 2004). "Bragernes Torg". Drammen Byleksikon. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  37. ↑ IMDb Database retrieved 18 March 2021
  38. ↑ Oscar Thue (20 February 2017). "Kai Fjell". Norsk kunstnerleksikon. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  39. ↑ IMDb Database retrieved 22 March 2021
  40. ↑ IMDb Database retrieved 22 March 2021
  41. ↑ IMDb Database retrieved 17 March 2021
  42. ↑ IMDb Database retrieved 21 March 2021
  43. ↑ IMDb Database retrieved 17 March 2021
  44. ↑ "Drammen Byleksikon: Ørebro". byleksikon.drmk.no (in Norwegian). Drammen Kommune. Retrieved 26 March 2021.

Bibliography

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