![]() View of Edinburgh Waverley from the east | |
General information | |
Location | Edinburgh Scotland |
Coordinates | 55°57′08″N3°11′21″W / 55.9521°N 3.1893°W Coordinates: 55°57′08″N3°11′21″W / 55.9521°N 3.1893°W |
Grid reference | NT257737 |
Owned by | Network Rail |
Platforms | 20 |
Other information | |
Station code | EDB |
Classification | DfT category A |
History | |
Original company | Edinburgh, Leith and Newhaven Railway Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway North British Railway |
Pre-grouping | North British Railway |
Post-grouping | London and North Eastern Railway |
Key dates | |
22 June 1846 | North Bridge built by NBR [1] |
17 May 1847 | General Station built by E&GR [1] |
17 May 1847 | Canal Street built by EL&NR [1] |
April 1866 | NBR demolished existing stations; replaced with Edinburgh Waverley [1] |
18 April 1966 | Renamed Edinburgh [1] |
? | Renamed Edinburgh Waverley |
Passengers | |
2017/18 | ![]() |
Interchange | ![]() |
2018/19 | ![]() |
Interchange | ![]() |
2019/20 | ![]() |
Interchange | ![]() |
2020/21 | ![]() |
Interchange | ![]() |
2021/22 | ![]() |
Interchange | ![]() |
Listed Building –Category A | |
Feature | Railway station |
Designated | 12 November 1991 |
Reference no. | LB30270 [2] |
Notes | |
Passenger statistics from the Office of Rail and Road. Station usage figures saw a large decrease in 2020/21 due to the COVID-19 pandemic |
Edinburgh Waverley railway station (also known simply as Waverley;Scottish Gaelic :Waverley Dhùn Èideann) is the principal railway station serving Edinburgh,Scotland. [3] [4] It is the second busiest station in Scotland,after Glasgow Central. The station serves as the northern terminus of the East Coast Main Line,393 miles 13 chains (393.16 miles;632.7 kilometres) from London King's Cross,although some trains operated by London North Eastern Railway continue to other Scottish destinations beyond Edinburgh. [5]
Waverley station is situated in a steep,narrow valley between the medieval Old Town and the 18th century New Town. Princes Street,the premier shopping street,runs close to its north side. The valley is bridged by the North Bridge,rebuilt in 1897 as a three-span iron and steel bridge,on huge sandstone piers. This passes high above the station's central section,with the greater half of the station being west of North Bridge.
The central booking hall is just west of the northern massive stone pier of the bridge and cleverly hides it within its bulk. Waverley Bridge lies at the western end of the station (though platforms extend below it) and it is this road which,by means of ramps,formerly afforded vehicular access to the station and still provides two of the six pedestrian entrances to the station.
The valley to the west of the station,formerly the site of the Nor Loch,is the public parkland of Princes Street Gardens. Directly east of the station are St Andrew's House,which accommodates part of the Scottish Government and Governor's House.
Edinburgh's Old Town,perched on a steep-sided sloping ridge,was bounded on the north by a valley in which the Nor Loch had been formed. In the 1750s overcrowding led to proposals to link across this valley to allow development to the north. The "noxious lake" was to be narrowed into "a canal of running water",with a bridge formed across the east end of the loch adjacent to the physic garden. This link was built from 1766 as the North Bridge and at the same time plans for the New Town began development to the north,with Princes Street to get unobstructed views south over sloping gardens and the proposed canal. The loch was drained as work on the bridge proceeded. In 1770 a coachbuilder began work on properties feued at the corner between the bridge and Princes Street,and feuers on the other side of the street strongly objected to this construction blocking their views to the south. A series of court cases ended with the decision that the buildings nearing completion could stay,immediately to the west of that some workshops would be allowed below the level of Princes Street,and further west a park would be "kept and preserved in perpetuity as pleasure ground" in what became Princes Street Gardens. [6]
In the mid-1830s proposals for a railway from Glasgow running along the gardens to a station at the North Bridge were set out in a prospectus with assurances that the trains would be concealed from view,and smoke from them "would scarcely be seen". An association of "Princes Street Proprietors" who had feued houses in the street,and had spent large sums turning the "filthy and offensive bog" of the Nor Loch into quiet gardens,strongly opposed the railway and in late 1836 put forward their case against the Act of Parliament for the railway. The Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway opened in 1842 with its terminus at Haymarket railway station,stopping short of Princes Street. In the Railway Mania of the 1840s,the railway sought another Act of Parliament allowing access along the gardens,and at the same time two other railways proposed terminus stations at the North Bridge site. By then several of the Princes Street properties were shops or hotels with an interest in development,and agreement was reached in 1844 on walls and embankments to conceal the Edinburgh and Glasgow railway line in a cutting,with compensation of almost £2,000 for the proprietors. [7]
The North Bridge station was opened on 22 June 1846 by the North British Railway as the terminus for its line from Berwick-upon-Tweed. The Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway's General station opened on 17 May 1847,on the same day as the Canal Street station of the Edinburgh,Leith and Newhaven Railway,serving Leith and Granton via a long rope-hauled tunnel under the New Town. The collective name "Waverley",after the Waverley Novels by Sir Walter Scott,was used for the three from around 1854 when the through "Waverley" route to Carlisle opened. Canal Street station was also known as Edinburgh Princes Street, [1] not to be confused with the Caledonian Railway railway station later built at the West End which was named Princes Street station from 1870.
From 1866 to 1868,the North British Railway acquired the stations of its rivals,demolished all three and closed the Scotland Street tunnel to Canal Street. The present Victorian station was built on the site. Along the tracks of this first station,Hanna,Donald &Wilson built some very impressive roofs. The station was extended in the late 19th century. In 1897,the impressive glass dome was added. [8] Waverley has been in continual use since,under the auspices of the North British,the LNER,British Railways (rebranded as British Rail after 1965),Railtrack and latterly Network Rail. From its opening in its current form by the eastward tunnelled extension from Haymarket,Waverley has been the principal railway station in Edinburgh. From 1870 to 1965,the city had a second major station,Princes Street,operated by the rival Caledonian Railway,but this was never as important as Waverley.
British Rail brought railway electrification in 1991 with electric trains on the East Coast Main Line to Glasgow Central and via York to London King's Cross.
The station's large size and the unusual topography of its surroundings mean that it contains a large amount of valuable,centrally located land. The station's successive owners,British Rail,Railtrack and its current owner Network Rail have been criticised[ according to whom? ] for underusing the valuable city-centre spaces available within,there being a legal covenant preventing any upwards extension,which would obstruct the view of Arthur's Seat from Princes Street. The elevated walkway linking the Waverley Steps (from Princes Street to Market Street) has been upgraded with the recommissioning of the suburban platforms (at the south) and provision of additional through platforms to the north to serve the increased proportion of through rail traffic.
During 2006 and 2007,parts of Waverley were extensively refurbished,including two new through platforms and the electrification of platforms 12 to 18 in preparation for electric trains from the Airdrie-Bathgate Rail Link and future lines in Scotland to be electrified by the EGIP (Edinburgh/Glasgow Improvement Project). [9]
From 2010 to 2012,the glazing of the roof of Waverley station was entirely replaced with new strengthened clear glass panels,replacing the old 34,000 m2 (370,000 sq ft) of mixed surfaces including felt,cloudy wired glass and plastic sheet. Part of a £130 million upgrade,this has greatly increased the amount of natural light in the station. [10] [11] [12]
From 2012 to 2014,improvements included:a new set of covered escalators at Waverley Steps leading to Princes Street (narrowing the huge set of previously open-air steps);a rebuilt and widened entrance from Market Street;a rebuilding of the canopies on the southern suburban line;a restoration of the central space in the ticket hall;and major improvements to the Calton Road access. Internally,several new lifts and escalators have greatly aided circulation. [13]
A new drop-off point and disabled parking/access was added on the Calton Road access in 2014.
In mid-2017,as part of the Edinburgh to Glasgow Improvement Programme,platform 12 was extended. At the same time the former Motorail bay platforms were extended into a former car park area and taxi rank to allow platforms 5 and 6 to be extended to accommodate additional London North Eastern Railway services. [14] Platforms 5 and 6 were brought into use on 28 February 2019. [15]
Work began in 2020 to reopen a corridor from the ticket office to the eastern concourse;this will also see the toilets replaced and a Changing Places facility installed. [16]
As at other large railway stations of the Victorian and Edwardian eras,the railway company constructed a grand station hotel beside their station. The North British Hotel,adjacent to the station at the corner between Princes Street and North Bridge (on the site of the coachworks [6] ),opened in 1902. In 1983,British Rail sold it to the Forte hotel group. In 1988,Forte closed the hotel for a year to extensively remodel and update what had become something of a faded jewel. When it reopened,it was rechristened The New Balmoral Hotel,maintaining the NB initials in what has proved to be an astute marketing move,despite the hotel being 115 miles (185 km) from Balmoral Castle;subsequently,New was dropped from the name. The hotel enjoys commanding views over central Edinburgh and is one of the most luxurious and expensive hotels in the UK. There is no longer a direct entrance from the station.
Waverley Market is a shopping centre which occupies the space between Waverley Station,Waverley Bridge,Princes Street and the Balmoral hotel. It was formerly known as Waverley Market,Waverley Shopping Centre and Princes Mall;it opened in 1985. The mall has benefited from the installation of escalators on the Waverley Steps to Princes Street in 2011. From 1844 to 1938,the site was home to a fruit and vegetable market which gained an iron roof in the 1870s.
Several train operating companies serve the station. The typical off-peak service in trains per hour (tph) and trains per day (tpd) as of the December 2022 timetable change is as follows:
London North Eastern Railway [17]
London North Eastern Railway also operate their Flying Scotsman service once per day to London,southbound only,departing at 0540,calling at Newcastle only,and arriving at London King's Cross exactly four hours later at 0940.
Lumo started operating services from London King's Cross to Edinburgh Waverley via Stevenage,Newcastle and Morpeth in October 2021. [24] [25]
The main station facilities are located in the middle of what is essentially a large island platform which is surrounded by platforms on all four sides. There are 20 numbered platforms. There are three pairs of platforms which share the same tracks.
![]() | This section possibly contains original research .(January 2023) |
A total of 24 platforms have existed at Waverley, but not more than 21 at any one time. Prior to incremental rationalisation of the east end in the 1960s–80s there were 21 platforms.
The east end terminating platforms have undergone significant rationalisation. From north to south these comprised:
The former Down Main through Platforms 7 (east end) and 8 (west end) are at the south side of the main station, and comprise a single very long platform with a crossover in the centre. They are numbered 7 (formerly 10, east end) and 11 (west end).
At the west end there has been little change to the terminating platforms, apart from widening them by removing disused centre-road tracks. The platforms comprise (south-north) numbers 12/13, 14/15, 16/17 and bay Platform 18. These were not affected by the 2006 platform renumbering scheme.
The only platforms outwith Waverley's overall roof are the former 'Suburban' Platforms 8 and 9 (formerly 21 and 20), a lengthy island platform. These are on the southern edge of the station, adjacent to the east to the former freight depot (now a car park and offices) and with direct access to Market Street, which runs parallel to the railway to the immediate south.
A need to increase capacity for through and west-end traffic led to three new platforms being built in 2006, on land formerly occupied by disused sidings and bypass lines within the main part of the station. Platform 10 is a through platform at the west end, facing Platform 11. Platforms 1 and 20 are a single long through platform facing Platforms 2 and 19. All are linked by the upgraded north–south overhead walkway linking the Waverley Steps (escalators) to Market Street.
In December 2006, a partial renumbering of platforms took place to reflect the construction of the new platforms.
In March 2019, Network Rail announced proposals to redevelop Waverley station in order to meet an anticipated increase in passenger demand by 2048. The Waverley Masterplan drawn up by engineering firm Arup Group envisages the creation of a new mezzanine level concourse above the main platforms to facilitate passenger circulation within the station, with a link through to the neighbouring Waverley Mall shopping centre. As part of the redevelopment, the entrance ramps from Waverley Bridge into the station would be removed and the new concourse would be enclosed in plate glass to provide panoramic views over the Old Town. The plans also make reference to a "transport hub", although an interchange with Edinburgh Trams is not specified. [26] [27]
Manchester Piccadilly is the principal railway station in Manchester, England. Opened as Store Street in 1842, it was renamed Manchester London Road in 1847 and became Manchester Piccadilly in 1960. Located to the south-east of Manchester city centre, it hosts long-distance intercity and cross-country services to national destinations including London, Birmingham, Nottingham, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Bristol, Exeter, Plymouth, Reading, Southampton and Bournemouth; regional services to destinations in Northern England including Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield, Newcastle and York; and local commuter services around Greater Manchester. It is one of 19 major stations managed by Network Rail. The station has 14 platforms: 12 terminal and two through platforms. Piccadilly is also a major interchange with the Metrolink light rail system with two tram platforms in its undercroft.
Glasgow Central is one of two principal mainline rail terminals in Glasgow, Scotland. The railway station was opened by the Caledonian Railway on 1 August 1879 and is one of 20 managed by Network Rail. It is the northern terminus of the West Coast Main Line. As well as being Glasgow's principal inter-city terminus for services to England, Central also serves the southern suburbs of the Greater Glasgow conurbation, as well as the Ayrshire and Clyde coasts. The other main station in Glasgow is Glasgow Queen Street.
Glasgow Queen Street is a passenger railway terminus serving the city centre of Glasgow, Scotland. It is the smaller of the city's two mainline railway terminals and is the third busiest station in Scotland behind Central and Edinburgh Waverley.
Crewe railway station is a railway station in Crewe, Cheshire, England. It opened in 1837 and is one of the most historically significant railway stations in the world.
Watford Junction is a railway station that serves Watford, Hertfordshire. The station is on the West Coast Main Line (WCML), 17 miles 34 chains from London Euston and the Abbey Line, a branch line to St Albans. Journeys to London take between 16 and 52 minutes depending on the service used: shorter times on fast non-stop trains and slower on the stopping Watford DC line services. Trains also run to Clapham Junction and East Croydon via the West London Line. The station is a major hub for local bus services and the connecting station for buses to Warner Bros. Studio Tour London – The Making of Harry Potter. The station is located north of a viaduct over the Colne valley and immediately south of Watford Tunnel.
Leeds railway station is the mainline railway station serving the city centre of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. It is the fourth-busiest railway station in the UK outside London. It is located on New Station Street to the south of City Square, at the foot of Park Row, behind the landmark Queens Hotel. It is one of 20 stations managed by Network Rail.
Stockport railway station in Stockport, Greater Manchester, England, is 8 miles south-east of Manchester Piccadilly on the West Coast Main Line to London Euston.
Preston railway station in Preston, Lancashire, England, is an interchange railway station on the West Coast Main Line, half-way between London Euston and Glasgow Central. It is served by Avanti West Coast, Northern Trains and TransPennine Express services, plus Caledonian Sleeper overnight services between London and Scotland. It is also served by the Calder Valley line to Leeds and York, and by branch lines to Blackpool, Ormskirk, and Colne.
Stevenage railway station serves the town of Stevenage in Hertfordshire, England. The station is 27 miles 45 chains (44.4 km) north of London King's Cross on the East Coast Main Line. Stevenage is served and managed by Great Northern, who operate Thameslink stopping services southbound to King’s Cross via stations such as Welwyn Garden City and Potter’s Bar, to Brighton and Horsham via Central London and Gatwick Airport and to Moorgate via Watton-at-Stone, Hertford North and Enfield Chase and services northbound to Cambridge and Peterborough. It is also frequently served by London North Eastern Railway, who operate fast non-stopping services southbound towards London and northbound towards cities including York, Leeds and Edinburgh. Hull Trains and Lumo operate very limited services from the station.
Bolton Interchange is a transport interchange combining Bolton railway station and Bolton Bus Station in the town of Bolton in Greater Manchester, England. The station is located on the Manchester to Preston line and the Ribble Valley line, and is managed by Northern Trains. The station is 11+1⁄4 miles (18.1 km) north west of Manchester Piccadilly. Ticket gates have been in operation at the station since 2016.
Manchester Airport station is a railway, tram, bus and coach station at Manchester Airport, England which opened at the same time as the second air terminal in 1993. The station is 9+3⁄4 miles (15.7 km) south of Manchester Piccadilly, at the end of a short branch from the Styal Line via a triangular junction between Heald Green and Styal stations. Manchester Metrolink tram services were extended to the airport in 2014 and operate to Manchester Victoria.
Dalmuir railway station is a railway station serving the Dalmuir area of Clydebank, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It is a large, five-platform interchange between the Argyle Line, North Clyde Line and West Highland Line.
Polmont railway station is a railway station serving the village of Polmont, Scotland as well as the other Falkirk Braes villages. It is located on the Glasgow to Edinburgh via Falkirk Line and is also served by ScotRail services from Edinburgh to Stirling and Dunblane. It is the nearest station to much of the town of Grangemouth.
Aberdeen railway station is the main railway station in Aberdeen, Scotland. It is the busiest railway station in Scotland north of the major cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. It is located on Guild Street in the city centre, next to Union Square.
Stirling railway station is a railway station located in Stirling, Scotland. It is located on the former Caledonian Railway main line between Glasgow and Perth. It is the junction for the branch line to Alloa and Dunfermline via Kincardine and is also served by trains on the Edinburgh to Dunblane Line and long-distance services to Dundee and Aberdeen and to Inverness via the Highland Main Line.
Bellshill railway station is a railway station in the town of Bellshill, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and served by Argyle Line and Shotts Line services. The station is adjacent to Bellshill Main Street, on Hamilton Road, and was opened by the Caledonian Railway as part of the Cleland and Midcalder Line on 1 May 1879. West of the station, the Glasgow, Bothwell, Hamilton and Coatbridge Railway crossed with a second station in the town to the north west - this ceased to carry passengers back in 1951.
Hyndland railway station serves Hyndland in Glasgow, Scotland. The station is 3+1⁄4 miles (5.2 km) west of Glasgow Central and 2+3⁄4 miles (4.4 km) west of Glasgow Queen Street on the Argyle and North Clyde Lines. It is managed by ScotRail.
Carluke railway station is a railway station on the West Coast Main Line (WCML) that serves the town of Carluke, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is predominantly served by Argyle Line commuter trains running between Lanark and Glasgow Central. The station lies at the western edge of the town, and enjoys panoramic views of the Clyde Valley and beyond to the hills of Lanarkshire and Ayrshire.
Bellgrove Railway Station is in the East End of Glasgow, Scotland, serving the city's Calton, Gallowgate and south Dennistoun neighbourhoods. The station is approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) to the east of Glasgow Queen Street, and is managed by ScotRail.
Airdrie railway station is a railway station serving the town of Airdrie, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is served by trains on the North Clyde Line, 11 miles (18 km) east of Glasgow Queen Street.