Mercury(II) fulminate, or Hg(CNO)2, is a primary explosive. It is highly sensitive to friction, heat and shock and is mainly used as a trigger for other explosives in percussion caps and detonators. Mercury(II) cyanate, though its chemical formula is identical, has a different atomic arrangement, making the cyanate and fulminate anions isomers.
The percussion cap, percussion primer, or caplock, introduced in the early 1820s, is a type of single-use percussion ignition device for muzzle loader firearm locks enabling them to fire reliably in any weather condition. Its invention gave rise to the caplock mechanism or percussion lock system which used percussion caps struck by the hammer to set off the gunpowder charge in rifles and cap and ball firearms. Any firearm using a caplock mechanism is a percussion gun. Any long gun with a cap-lock mechanism and rifled barrel is a percussion rifle. Cap and ball describes cap-lock firearms discharging a single bore-diameter spherical bullet with each shot.
Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of Arundel KG, was an English peer, diplomat and courtier during the reigns of King James I and King Charles I, but he made his name as a Grand Tourist and art collector rather than as a politician. When he died he possessed 700 paintings, along with large collections of sculptures, books, prints, drawings, and antique jewellery. Most of his collection of marble carvings, known as the Arundel marbles, was eventually left to the University of Oxford.
The year 1800 in science and technology included many significant events.
The year 1803 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Baron Stafford, referring to the town of Stafford, is a title that has been created several times in the Peerage of England. In the 14th century, the barons of the first creation were made earls. Those of the fifth creation, in the 17th century, became first viscounts and then earls. Since 1913, the title has been held by the Fitzherbert family.
Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby KG was an English nobleman and politician. He succeeded his father as Lord of Mann until his death, and then was succeeded by his son.
Silver fulminate (AgCNO) is the highly explosive silver salt of fulminic acid.
Sir Isaac Lowthian Bell, 1st Baronet, FRS was a British ironmaster and Liberal Party politician from Washington, County Durham. He was described as being "as famous in his day as Isambard Kingdom Brunel".
Fulminates are chemical compounds which include the fulminate ion. The fulminate ion is a pseudohalic ion because its charge and reactivity are similar to those of the halogens. Due to the instability of the ion, fulminate salts are friction-sensitive explosives. The best known is mercury(II) fulminate, which has been used as a primary explosive in detonators. Fulminates can be formed from metals, such as silver and mercury, dissolved in nitric acid and reacted with ethanol. The weak single nitrogen-oxygen bond is responsible for their instability. Nitrogen very easily forms a stable triple bond to another nitrogen atom, forming nitrogen gas.
William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford, FRS was the youngest son of Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, and his wife, the former Alethea Talbot. A Fellow of the Royal Society from 1665, he was a Royalist supporter before being falsely implicated by Titus Oates in the later discredited "Popish Plot", and executed for treason. He was beatified as a Catholic martyr by Pope Pius XI in 1929.
Captain John Augustus Hervey, Lord Hervey was a British diplomat.
The Jerningham Baronetcy, of Cossey in the County of Norfolk, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 16 August 1621 for Henry Jerningham. The 5th Baronet married Mary Plowden, only daughter of Mary Plowden, sister of John Paul Stafford-Howard, 4th Earl of Stafford and de jure 5th Baron Stafford. He was succeeded by his son, the sixth Baron. In 1807 the claim to the barony of Stafford, which had been under attainder since 1680, passed to him through his mother. He died in 1809 when the baronetcy and the claim to the barony passed to his son, the seventh Baronet. He petitioned the House of Lords for a reversal of the attainder of the barony of Stafford and for a writ of summons to Parliament. In 1824 the attainder was reversed and the following year he was summoned to the House of Lords as the eighth Baron Stafford.
Events from the year 1864 in the United Kingdom.
Enstatite chondrites are a rare form of meteorite, rich in the mineral enstatite. Only about 200 E-Type chondrites are currently known, comprising about 2% of the chondrites that fall on Earth. There are two main subtypes: EH and EL, classified based on their iron content.
Thomas Howard, 16th Earl of Suffolk, 9th Earl of Berkshire FSA, styled Viscount Andover from 1800–20, was a British peer and politician from the Howard family.
Henry Valentine Stafford-Jerningham, 9th Baron Stafford DL, known as Henry Jerningham until 1824 and styled The Honourable Henry Stafford-Jerningham between 1824 and 1851, was a British peer and politician.
William Matthias Stafford-Howard, 3rd Earl of Stafford, de jure4th Baron Stafford FRS was an English peer.
George William Stafford-Jerningham, 8th Baron Stafford, known as Sir George William Jerningham, 7th Baronet from 1809 to 1824, was a British peer who, in 1824, successfully obtained a reversal of the attainder of the barony of Stafford.
Sir William Jerningham, 6th Baronet, de jure 7th Baron Stafford was an English landowner.
