Edward la Zouche,11th Baron Zouche (6 June 1556 –18 August 1625) was an English diplomat. He is remembered chiefly for his lone vote against the condemnation of Mary,Queen of Scots,and for organising the stag hunt where his guest,the Archbishop of Canterbury,accidentally killed a man.
Zouche was the son of George la Zouche,10th Baron Zouche,of the noble Breton-origin Zouche dynasty,and his wife Margaret,née Welby. He was a royal ward from 1570,under the care of William Cecil. In a letter to Cecil written in 1596,Zouche confessed that he spent his patrimony as a youth,having indulged in "little searching for knowledge".[1]
Marriage
In or around 1578,Zouche married his cousin Eleanor Zouche,daughter of Sir John Zouche and Eleanor,née Whalley. They had two daughters,Elizabeth and Mary,but,shortly after Mary's birth in 1582,Zouche left Eleanor and they lived apart until her death in 1611. Eleanor wrote to Lord Burghley,from her lodging in the Strand on 19 May 1593,following her father's death,still hoping to be reconciled with Zouche.[2]Sir John Holles wrote to Sir Edward Phillips describing her treatment;
My Lord Souche[sic] put away this his lady twenty-nine years ago and refusing her all allowance was by law sentenced there-unto, which he not performing was excommunicate; from which he went beyond sea and returning was ordered to pay her 50s the week, from which poor allowance with a small addition from her friends hath this Baron's wife...ever since lived. She was oft dangerously sick that physic was chargeable. He never disbursed a penny, and now dead she might have rotted in her chamber ere he would have buried her.[3]
Within a year of Eleanor's death, Zouche married again, to Sarah Harington (1565-1629), daughter of Sir James Harington. Sarah Harington had been twice widowed, having been previously married to Francis Hastings, Baron Hastings, who would have been Earl of Huntingdon but predeceased his father, and Sir George Kingsmill. There were no children of this marriage.[4][clarification needed] With the death of Zouche, Sarah married Sir Thomas Edmondes. Her portrait was painted by Isaac Oliver and by Cornelius Johnson.[5] The portraits by Johnson show her aged 63 wearing a large miniature case referring to Frederick V of the Palatinate with the Greek letter "phi". A similar miniature case was described in an inventory of a Scottish soldier.[6]
Career
Portrait etching of Lord Zouche published 29 May 1777
Zouche matriculated from Trinity College, Cambridge in Easter 1570, M.A. 1571;[7] and was admitted to Gray's Inn, 1575, though he was not admitted to the bar.
Zouche was appointed a Commissioner for the trial of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Fotheringhay. He was the only Commissioner to offer any dissent against her judgement and subsequent sentence of death.[8]
Zouche was ambassador in Scotland from 5 January to 6 April 1594, at the time of the birth of Prince Henry. Sir Robert Cecil complained that he had not received updates from Zouche, and he was very displeased to hear that Zouche and the diplomat Robert Bowes had lent money to Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell on the security of a jewel and some silver plate. They had sent the jewel to London. Cecil wanted Zouche to make the loan seem a private transaction, a purchase of a jewel, and not to be known as an action of Queen Elizabeth to fund and support Bothwell, who was suspect in Scotland.[9]
Zouche showed an interest in the New World, and was a Commissioner of the Virginia Company from 1608. He was also interested in horticulture; his house in Hackney included a physic garden and he employed Matthias L'Obel as his gardener.
The house in Hackney lay on the north side of Homerton High Street, probably on the site of the present Dean Close. The herbalist, John Gerard, visited Hackney and was given foreign seeds from Zouche's garden. Zouche ceased to be a Hackney resident before his death in 1625 and it is likely his house was sold in 1620, to Sir Julius Caesar, Master of the Rolls.
In 1605, Zouche purchased the manor of Bramshill in Hampshire and almost immediately began to build the mansion that currently stands on the site. James I stayed at Bramshill in 1620 and the next year George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, went down to Bramshill to consecrate a chapel for Lord Zouche.[10] The visit had disastrous consequences for the Archbishop when he accepted Zouche's invitation to a stag-hunt, where Abbot unintentionally killed a gamekeeper who strayed into his line of fire. Although all the witnesses, including Zouche, agreed that the gamekeeper's death was a tragic accident, Abbot's reputation never recovered from the incident. He remains the only Archbishop of Canterbury ever to kill a man.[11]
In 1620, Lord Zouche provided counsel and other help in an incident involving him and his longtime secretary Samuel More, who was in his employ at the time of Zouche's death in 1625.[12][13] More was the eldest son of a respected parliamentarian from Shropshire, Richard More. He had married in 1610/11 to a cousin Katherine More,[14] and by 1616 was charging that she had committed adultery with a longtime lover, conceiving four children by him: Elinor, Jasper, Richard and Mary.[15] Four rancorous years and twelve court appearances followed, culminating in 1620 with the four children being sent without their mother's knowledge [16] to the Colony of Virginia on the ship Mayflower as indentured servants,[16] upon the counsel of Lord Zouche, who was a Virginia Company commissioner,[17][18] acting on the request of Samuel More and his father Richard, who were searching for a location far away to which the children could be sent.[19]
Zouche died in 1625, after suffering illness for some time. His resting place is unknown. He was not buried in the parish church at Hackney, despite the verses penned by Ben Jonson.
Wherever I die, oh, here may I lie Along by my good Lord Zouche, That when I am dry, to the tap I may hie, And so back again to my couch.
Commissioner for the rendition of Flushing and Brill, 21 May 1616
Privy Councillor (Scotland), 29 June 1617
Commissioner to inquire into abuses in the Treasury, 10 July 1618
Commissioner of Ecclesiastical Causes, 29 April 1620 and 21 January 1624/5
Commissioner for defective titles of lands, 4 July 1622 and 26 July 1623.
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References
↑ HMC Calendar of the Cecil Papers in Hatfield House, vol. 6 (London, 1895), p. 195, 24 May 1596.
↑ 'Original Letters of the Zouch family', The Gentleman's Magazine, Or Monthly Intelligencer, vol. 25 (London, 1828), pp. 303-4, printed from British Library Lansdown MSS.
↑ HMC Report on the Manuscripts of His Grace the Duke of Portland, Preserved at Welbeck Abbey, vol. 9 (London, 1923), pp. 83-4.
1 2 Donald F. Harris, PhD. The Mayflower Descendant (July 1994) vol. 44 no. 2 p. 110
↑ Donald F. Harris, PhD. The Mayflower Descendant (Pub. Jan. 1994) vol. 44 no. 2 pp. 14, 18
1 2 Anthony R. Wagner "The Origin of the Mayflower Children: Jasper, Richard and Ellen More". The New England Historical and Genealogical Register (July 1960) vol. 114 pp. 164–168
↑ Donald F. Harris, PhD. The Mayflower Descendant (Pub. July 1994) vol. 44 no. 2 p. 112
↑ The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles: With the Names of the Adventurers, Planters, and Governours from Their First Beginning, Ano: 1584. To This Present 1624. With the Proceedings of Those Severall Colonies and the Accidents That Befell Them in All Their Journyes and Discoveries. Also the Maps and Descriptions of All Those Countryes, Their Commodities, People, Government, Customes, and Religion Yet Knowne. Divided into Sixe Bookes. By Captaine Iohn Smith, Sometymes Governour in Those Countryes & Admirall of New England: p. 128 – electronic version at: http://docsouth.unc.edu/southlit/smith/smith.html#p21
↑ Donald F. Harris, PhD. The Mayflower Descendant (Pub. Jul. 1994) vol. 44 no. 2 pp. 110, 111
↑ The Present Peerage of the United Kingdom Part 1 (1821), p. 67; Google Books.
The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles: With the Names of the Adventurers, Planters, and Governours from Their First Beginning, Ano: 1584. To This Present 1624. With the Proceedings of Those Severall Colonies and the Accidents That Befell Them in All Their Journyes and Discoveries. Also the Maps and Descriptions of All Those Countryes, Their Commodities, People, Government, Customes, and Religion Yet Knowne. Divided into Sixe Bookes. By Captaine Iohn Smith, Sometymes Governour in Those Countryes & Admirall of New England: p.128 – electronic version at: http://docsouth.unc.edu/southlit/smith/smith.html#p21
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