Eredivisie

Last updated

Eredivisie
Eredivisie nieuw logo 2017-.svg
Founded1956;70 years ago (1956)
CountryNetherlands
Confederation UEFA
Number of clubs18 (since 1966–67)
Level on pyramid 1
Relegation to Eerste Divisie
Domestic cups
International cups
Current champions PSV (26th title)
(2024–25)
Most championships Ajax (36 titles)
Most appearances Pim Doesburg (687)
Top scorer Willy van der Kuijlen (311)
Broadcaster(s) ESPN & NOS
Website eredivisie.eu
Current: 2025–26 Eredivisie

The Eredivisie (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈeːrədiˌvizi] ; "Honour Division" or "Premier Division"), also known as VriendenLoterij Eredivisie for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in the Netherlands and the highest level of the Dutch football league system. The league was founded in 1956, two years after the start of professional football in the Netherlands. As of the 2024–25 season, it is ranked the sixth-best league in Europe by UEFA. [1]

Contents

The Eredivisie consists of 18 clubs. Each club meets every other club twice during the season, once at home and once away. At the end of each season, the two clubs at the bottom are relegated to the second level of the Dutch league system, the Eerste Divisie (First Division), while the champion and runner-up of the Eerste Divisie are automatically promoted to the Eredivisie. The club finishing third from the bottom of the Eredivisie goes to separate promotion/relegation play-offs with six high-placed clubs from the Eerste Divisie. [2]

The winner of the Eredivisie claims the Dutch national championship. Ajax have won the most titles with 36. PSV Eindhoven are next with 26, and Feyenoord follow with 16. Since 1965, these three clubs have won all but three Eredivisie titles (the 1981 and 2009 titles went to AZ and Twente won in 2010). Ajax, PSV, and Feyenoord are known as the "Big Three" or "Traditional Top Three" of Dutch football. They are the only clubs in their current form to have never been relegated out of the Eredivisie. A fourth club, Utrecht, is the product of a 1970 merger between three of that city's clubs, one of which, VV DOS, had also never been relegated out of the Eredivisie.

From 1990 to 1999, the official name of the league was PTT Telecompetitie (after the sponsor, PTT Telecom), which was changed to KPN Telecompetitie (because PTT Telecom changed its name to KPN Telecom) in 1999 and to KPN Eredivisie in 2000. From 2002 to 2005, the league was called the Holland Casino Eredivisie. Since the 2005–06 season, the league has been sponsored by the Vriendenloterij (lottery), but for legal reasons its name could not be attached to the league (the Dutch government was against the name, because the Eredivisie would, after Holland Casino's sponsorship, yet again be sponsored by a company providing games of chance). From the 2025-2026 season the eredivisie will be rebranded to VriendenLoterij Eredivisie.

In August 2012, it was made public that tycoon Rupert Murdoch had secured the rights to the Eredivisie for 12 years at the expense of one billion euros, beginning in the 2013–14 season. [3] Within this deal, the five largest Eredivisie clubs were to receive five million euros per year. [4] In 2020, the Eredivisie was abandoned due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

History

From the foundation of the Dutch national football championship in 1898 until 1954, the title was decided through play-offs by a handful of clubs who had previously won their regional league. [5] The competition was purely an amateur one; the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) rejected any form of payment and suspended players who were caught receiving salary or transfer fees. [6] The call for professional football grew in the early fifties after many national team members left to play abroad in search for financial benefits. [7] The KNVB would usually suspend these players, preventing them from appearing for the Dutch national team. After the North Sea flood of 1953, the Dutch players abroad (mainly playing in the French league) organised a charity match against the France national team in Paris. The match was boycotted by the KNVB, but after the assembled Dutch players defeated the French (2–1), the Dutch public witnessed the heights that could be achieved through professional football. [8] To serve the growing interest, a dissident professional football association (the NBVB) and league were founded for the 1954–55 season. [9] On 3 July 1954, the KNVB met with a group of concerned amateur club chairmen, who feared the best players would join the professional teams. The meeting, dubbed the slaapkamerconferentie ('bedroom conference'), led to the Association reluctantly accepting semi-professionalism. [6]

Meanwhile, both the KNVB and the NBVB started their separate competition. The first professional football match was contested between Alkmaar and Venlo. [6] The leagues went on for eleven rounds, before a merger was negotiated between the two federations in November. Both leagues were cancelled and a new, combined competition emerged immediately. De Graafschap, Amsterdam, Alkmaar and Fortuna '54 from the NBVB were accepted to the new league. Other clubs merged, which led to new names like Rapid J.C., Holland Sport and Roda Sport. The first (semi-)professional league was won by Willem II. [10] For the 1956–57 season, the KNVB abandoned the regional league system. The Eredivisie was founded, in which the eighteen best clubs nationwide directly played for the league title without play-offs. The inaugural members of the Eredivisie in 1956 were Ajax, BVC, BVV, DOS, EVV, Elinkwijk, SC Enschede, Feijenoord, Fortuna '54, GVAV, MVV, NAC, NOAD, PSV, Rapid J.C., Sparta, VVV '03 and Willem II. [11] Ajax was the first team to claim the title that season. [11] Below is a complete record of how many teams played in each season throughout the league's history;

Current teams (2024–25)

Club
CityCapacityPosition
in 2023–24
1st season
in Eredivisie
No. of seasons
in Eredivisie
1st season of
current spell
No. of seasons
of current spell
Eredivisie titlesNational titlesLast title
Ajax ab Amsterdam 55,8655th1956–57691956–576928362022
Almere City b Almere 4,50113th2023–2422023–24200-
AZ Alkmaar 19,4784th1968–69461998–9923222009
Feyenoord ab Rotterdam 51,1372nd1956–57691956–576911162023
Fortuna Sittard Sittard 10,30010th1968–69262018–19700-
Go Ahead Eagles Deventer 10,0009th1963–64352021–224041933
Groningen Groningen 22,500promoted1971–72222024–25100-
Heerenveen Heerenveen 27,22411th1990–91331993–943200-
Heracles Almelo 12,08014th1962–63242023–242021941
NAC Breda a Breda 19,000promoted1970–71252024–25100-
NEC Nijmegen 12,5006th1967–68442021–22400-
PEC Zwolle Zwolle 13,25012th1978-79242023–24200-
PSV ab Eindhoven 36,5001st1956–57691956–576922252025
RKC Waalwijk Waalwijk 7,50015th1988–89292019–20600-
Sparta Rotterdam a Rotterdam 11,0268th1956–57592019–206161959
Twente c Enschede 30,2053rd1956–57652019–205112010
Utrecht bd Utrecht 23,7507th1970–71551970–715500-
Willem II a Tilburg 14,700promoted*1956–57472024-251031955

* Willem II finished first and FC Groningen finished second in the 2023–24 Eerste Divisie. NAC finished 8th and defeated Excelsior in the playoff final.

a Founding member of the Eredivisie
b Never been relegated from the Eredivisie
c Founding member of the Eredivisie (as Sportclub Enschede)
d Founding member of the Eredivisie (as VV DOS and USV Elinkwijk)

Maps

Champions

Please note that the table below totals all winners of the Dutch top division, which included the Netherlands Football League Championship that preceded the Eredivisie. The Eredivisie was only founded in 1956 so many of these teams did not win the Eredivisie title.

ClubWinnerRunner-upWinning years
Ajax Star full.svg Star full.svg Star full.svg 36
24 1917–18, 1918–19, 1930–31, 1931–32, 1933–34, 1936–37, 1938–39, 1946–47, 1956–57, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1969–70, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1989–90, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22
PSV Star full.svg Star full.svg 26
16 1928–29, 1934–35, 1950–51, 1962–63, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1996–97, 1999–00, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2023–24, 2024–25
Feyenoord Star full.svg 16
22 1923–24, 1927–28, 1935–36, 1937–38, 1939–40, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1964–65, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1973–74, 1983–84, 1992–93, 1998–99, 2016–17, 2022–23
HVV Den Haag Star full.svg 10
1 1890–91, 1895–96, 1899–1900, 1900–01, 1901–02, 1902–03, 1904–05, 1906–07, 1909–10, 1913–14
Sparta Rotterdam 6 1908–09, 1910–11, 1911–12, 1912–13, 1914–15, 1958–59
RAP 53 1891–92, 1893–94, 1896–97, 1897–98, 1898–99
Go Ahead Eagles 45 1916–17, 1921–22, 1929–30, 1932–33
Koninklijke HFC 33 1889–90, 1892–93, 1894–95
Willem II 31 1915–16, 1951–52, 1954–55
HBS Craeyenhout 3 1903–04, 1905–06, 1924–25
AZ 23 1980–81, 2008–09
Heracles 21 1926–27, 1940–41
ADO Den Haag 2 1941–42, 1942–43
RCH 2 1922–23, 1952–53
NAC Breda 14 1920–21
Twente 13 2009–10
DWS 13 1963–64
Roda JC Kerkrade*12 1955–56
Be Quick 12 1919–20
FC Eindhoven 12 1953–54
SC Enschede 11 1925–26
DOS 11 1957–58
Den Bosch 11 1947–48
De Volewijckers 1 1943–44
Haarlem 1 1945–46
Limburgia 1 1949–50
SVV 1 1948–49
Quick Den Haag 1 1907–08
VV Concordia 1 1888–89

* As Rapid JC.

Playoffs

European competition

PositionPlayoffQualification to
1st  Champions League League Stage
2nd  Champions League League stage
3rd  Champions League third qualifying round of the League Path.
4th  Europa League second qualifying round
5th–8thEuropean competition play-offs5th vs 8th and 6th vs 7th; the two winners play each other to qualify for:
Europa Conference League second qualifying round
KNVB Cup winners Europa League League stage

Relegation

PositionPlayoffWhat happens next
16thNacompetitieThe 3rd to 8th placed teams in the Keuken Kampioen Divisie compete against each other for a spot in the semi finals. The remaining 3 teams and the 16th placed team from the Eredivisie then face off in a double legged knock out system for the final place in the Eredivisie.
17th-18thDirect relegation to the Keuken Kampioen Divisie

Attendance

2018–19 Attendance
ClubAttendance
Ajax 52,987
Feyenoord 42,065
PSV 34,071
FC Utrecht 18,846
Heerenveen 18,743
NAC Breda 18,262
Groningen 18,025
Vitesse 15,422
AZ 15,027
PEC Zwolle 13,478
Willem II 12,998
ADO Den Haag 12,561
De Graafschap 12,321
Heracles Almelo 10,993
Fortuna Sittard 9,100
FC Emmen 8,238
VVV Venlo 6,828
Excelsior 4,223
Average18,010

Since the beginning of the league, there have been three clubs with an attendance much higher than the others: Ajax, PSV and Feyenoord. Clubs like Heerenveen, Utrecht and Groningen also have fairly large fanbases. The regular season average league attendance was just over 7,000 in 1990, but this figure has risen sharply over the years thanks to the opening of new stadiums and the expansion of existing ones nationwide. Average attendance for the 2018–19 season was 18,010, with Ajax having the largest (52,987) and Excelsior having the smallest (4,223). Ajax's figures however differ from those provided by the Johan Cruyff Arena, since the club counts all tickets sold instead of the number of people going through the turnstiles.

All-time ranking (since 1956)

Last updated following the 2024-2025 season
Playing in the Eredivisie 2025/26
Playing in the Eerste Divisie 2025/26
Playing in the amateur leagues 2025/26
Club has been disestablished or merged into another club
RankClubSeasonsPlayedWonDrawnLostPointsAvg.
Points
Goals
for
Goals
against
Goal
difference
1. Ajax 692321154441835950502,1858812363+3518
2. PSV 692322142648640047942,0654292439+2990
3. Feyenoord 692321133153045645271,9549792639+2340
4. FC Twente 58196086252557331111,5931402492+648
5. Sparta Rotterdam 59198268955074326171,3229463070–124
6. FC Utrecht 55186170148767325901,3927042726–22
7. AZ 47157269438649225151,6027242130+594
8. Roda JC Kerkrade 44149656339154220801,3922602208+52
9. NAC Breda 51172253744973620601,2022732870–597
10. FC Groningen 45152251141359819461,2821042344–240
11. ADO Den Haag 47157450940466119311,2322262616–390
12. Vitesse 39131850636344918811,4319711853+118
13. Willem II 47158247935774617941,1321702823–653
14. N.E.C. 44149642342365016921,1317642326–562
15. SC Heerenveen 33111443528639315911,4318061746+60
16. MVV Maastricht 36120835035650214061,1615271992–465
17. Go Ahead Eagles 35117835929349213701,1615391863–324
18. RKC Waalwijk 2997828424345110951,1212461629–383
19. Fortuna Sittard 268762462433879811,1210341434–400
20. FC Volendam 279102422284409541,0510701672–602
21. Heracles Almelo 247922441813699071,1510581446–388
22. PEC Zwolle 248082222173698831,0810201402–382
23. VVV-Venlo 268082212063818691,0810351509–474
24. Excelsior Rotterdam 248161832024317510,929121543–631
25. HFC Haarlem 186121721782626941,13695978–283
26. De Graafschap 217141571753826460,907731373–600
27. DOS 144601681091836131,33790848–58
28. AFC DWS 134301471171665581,30588644–56
29. Fortuna '54 12392141991525221,33635700–65
30. Telstar 144681181402104941,06530754–224
31. GVAV 123921231151544841,23533595–62
32. FC Den Bosch 134421141232054651,05491756–265
33. SC Enschede 929412177964401,50565490+75
34. SC Cambuur 930665741672690,88337576–239
35. Rapid JC 62047347842661,30307350–43
36. USV Elinkwijk 723465501192451,05306483–177
37. FC Amsterdam 62046156872391,17263321–58
38. Blauw-Wit 61966542892371,21334401–67
39. Holland Sport 41363734651451,07168279–111
40. FC Dordrecht 620431461271390,68208463–255
41. RBC Roosendaal 517035261091310,77164358–194
42. NOAD 41363330731290,95187311–124
43. FC Emmen 41283232641281,00146250–104
44. Sittardia 41323229711250,95148256–108
45. Xerxes/DHC 268261725951,409295–3
46. FC Eindhoven 3102232554940,92107209–102
47. BVC Amsterdam 268202028801,18103130–27
48. BVV 268181040640,94126172–46
49. SC Veendam 268122333590,8774127–53
50. FC Wageningen 268131837570,8472137–65
51. Almere City FC 268112334560,8256123–67
52. De Volewijckers 264151039550,8699189–90
53. Helmond Sport 268121838540,7993162–69
54. SVV 268131342520,7662142–80
55. Alkmaar '54 13461216300,883961–22

Player records

Appearances

RankNameGamesPlaying positionFirst matchLast match
1 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Pim Doesburg 687 Goalkeeper 1962–63 1986–87
2 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Jan Jongbloed 684Goalkeeper 1959–60 1985–86
3 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Piet Schrijvers 576Goalkeeper 1963–64 1984–85
4 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Sander Boschker 562Goalkeeper 1989-90 2012-13
5 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Willy van der Kuijlen 545Forward 1964-65 1981-82
6 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Eddy Treijtel 542Goalkeeper 1966-67 1984-85
7 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Willy van de Kerkhof 511Midfielder 1970-71 1987-88
8 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Aad Mansveld 505Defender 1964-65 1981-82
9 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Willem van Hanegem 494Midfielder 1967-68 1982-83
10 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Leo van Ven 491Forward 1965-66 1983-84

Goals

RankNameGoalsGamesGoals per gamePlaying positionFirst goalLast goal
1 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Willy van der Kuijlen 3115450.57 Forward 1964–65 1981–82
2 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Ruud Geels 2663920.68Forward 1964–65 1983–84
3 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Johan Cruijff 2163090.70Forward 1964–65 1983–84
4 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Kees Kist 2123720.57Forward 1972–73 1983–84
5 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Tonny van der Linden 2084560.46Forward 1956–57 1966–67

Top scorers

The top goalscorer of the league season is awarded the Willy van der Kuijlen Trophy since the 2020-21 season. [12] [13]

Last updated following the 2024–25 season. [14]
SeasonTop Scorer(s)GoalsClub(s)
1956–57 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Coen Dillen 43 PSV
1957–58 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Leo Canjels 32 NAC
1958–59 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Leo Canjels (2)34 NAC
1959–60 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Henk Groot [15] [16] 37 Ajax
1960–61 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Henk Groot (2) [17] [18] [16] 41 Ajax
1961–62 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Dick Tol 27 Volendam
1962–63 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Pierre Kerkhoffs 22 PSV
1963–64 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Frans Geurtsen 28 DWS
1964–65 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Frans Geurtsen (2)23 DWS
1965–66 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Willy van der Kuijlen
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Piet Kruiver
23 PSV
Feyenoord
1966–67 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Johan Cruyff 33 Ajax
1967–68 Flag of Sweden.svg Ove Kindvall 28 Feyenoord
1968–69 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Dick van Dijk
Flag of Sweden.svg Ove Kindvall (2)
30 Twente
Feyenoord
1969–70 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Willy van der Kuijlen (2)26 PSV
1970–71 Flag of Sweden.svg Ove Kindvall (3)24 Feyenoord
1971–72 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Johan Cruyff (2)25 Ajax
1972–73 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Cas Janssens
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Willy Brokamp
18 NEC
MVV
1973–74 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Willy van der Kuijlen (3)27 PSV
1974–75 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Ruud Geels 30 Ajax
1975–76 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Ruud Geels (2)29 Ajax
1976–77 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Ruud Geels (3)34 Ajax
1977–78 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Ruud Geels (4)30 Ajax
1978–79 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Kees Kist 34 AZ
1979–80 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Kees Kist (2)27 AZ
1980–81 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Ruud Geels (5)22 Sparta
1981–82 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Wim Kieft 32 Ajax
1982–83 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Peter Houtman 30 Feyenoord
1983–84 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Marco van Basten 28 Ajax
1984–85 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Marco van Basten (2)22 Ajax
1985–86 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Marco van Basten (3)37 Ajax
1986–87 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Marco van Basten (4)31 Ajax
1987–88 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Wim Kieft (2)29 PSV
1988–89 Flag of Brazil.svg Romário 19 PSV
1989–90 Flag of Brazil.svg Romário (2)23 PSV
1990–91 Flag of Brazil.svg Romário (3) [19]
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Dennis Bergkamp [19]
25 PSV
Ajax
1991–92 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Dennis Bergkamp (2) [20] 24 Ajax
1992–93 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Dennis Bergkamp (3) [21] 26 Ajax
1993–94 Flag of Finland.svg Jari Litmanen 26 Ajax
1994–95 Flag of Brazil.svg Ronaldo 30 PSV
1995–96 Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Luc Nilis 21 PSV
1996–97 Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Luc Nilis (2)21 PSV
1997–98 Flag of Greece.svg Nikos Machlas 34 Vitesse
1998–99 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Ruud van Nistelrooy 31 PSV
1999–2000 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Ruud van Nistelrooy (2)29 PSV
2000–01 Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992-2006).svg Mateja Kežman 24 PSV
2001–02 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Pierre van Hooijdonk 24 Feyenoord
2002–03 Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992-2006).svg Mateja Kežman (2)35 PSV
2003–04 Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992-2006).svg Mateja Kežman (3)31 PSV
2004–05 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Dirk Kuyt 29 Feyenoord
2005–06 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Klaas-Jan Huntelaar 33 Heerenveen/Ajax
2006–07 Flag of Brazil.svg Afonso Alves 34 Heerenveen
2007–08 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Klaas-Jan Huntelaar (2)33 Ajax
2008–09 Flag of Morocco.svg Mounir El Hamdaoui 23 AZ
2009–10 Flag of Uruguay.svg Luis Suárez 35 Ajax
2010–11 Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Björn Vleminckx 23 NEC
2011–12 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Bas Dost 32 Heerenveen
2012–13 Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Wilfried Bony 31 Vitesse
2013–14 Flag of Iceland.svg Alfreð Finnbogason 29 Heerenveen
2014–15 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Memphis Depay 22 PSV
2015–16 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Vincent Janssen 27 AZ
2016–17 Flag of Denmark.svg Nicolai Jørgensen 21 Feyenoord
2017–18 Flag of Iran.svg Alireza Jahanbakhsh 21 AZ
2018–19 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Luuk de Jong
Flag of Serbia.svg Dušan Tadić
28 PSV
Ajax
2019–20 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Steven Berghuis
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Cyriel Dessers
15 Feyenoord
Heracles Almelo
2020–21 Flag of Greece.svg Giorgos Giakoumakis 26 VVV-Venlo
2021–22 Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Sébastien Haller 21 Ajax
2022–23 Flag of Greece.svg Anastasios Douvikas
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Xavi Simons
19 Utrecht
PSV
2023–24 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Luuk de Jong (2)
Flag of Greece.svg Vangelis Pavlidis
29 PSV
AZ
2024–25 Flag of the Netherlands.svg Sem Steijn 24 Twente

Eredivisie teams and major UEFA and FIFA competitions

The following sixteen international tournaments were won by Eredivisie teams:

The UEFA Super Cup was founded by a Dutch reporter named Anton Witkamp and Ajax's 1973 win was the first time the tournament was contested officially. [22]

Sponsorship names for seasons

See also

References

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  2. "Reglement play-off promotie/degradatie betaald voetbal seizoen 2021/'22". Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  3. van der Kraan, Marcel (8 August 2012). "Murdoch koopt tv-rechten eredivisie". De Telegraaf. TMG Landelijke Media B.V. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  4. Seegers, Jules (8 August 2012). "5 vragen over wat de deal Murdoch-Eredivisie betekent voor de kijker". nrc.nl. NRC Media. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
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  7. "Professionalism and European Games". TimeRime. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  8. "De Watersnoodwedstrijd van Cor van der Hart" (in Dutch). Sportgeschiedenis. Archived from the original on 21 October 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
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  10. "Netherlands 1954/55". RSSSF . Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  11. 1 2 "Netherlands 1956/57". RSSSF . Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  12. "Topscorer eredivisie krijgt vanaf dit seizoen Willy van der Kuijlen-trofee". nos.nl (in Dutch). 7 May 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  13. "Haller tweede winnaar Willy van der Kuijlen-Trofee". espn.nl (in Dutch). 15 May 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2026.
  14. Eredivisie Top Scorers Archived 27 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine - rsssf
  15. "Henk Groot: Rijke Slaaf Van Modern Voetbal Werd Door Ajax En Feyenoord Gewaardeerd" (in Dutch). vi.nl. Retrieved 1 November 2025. [Henk Groot: Rich Slave Of Modern Soccer Was Appreciated By Ajax And Feyenoord]
  16. 1 2 "Henk Groot". afc-ajax.info. Retrieved 1 November 2025.
  17. "Ex-international Henk Groot (84) Overleden" (in Dutch). KNVB (Royal Dutch Football Association). Retrieved 1 November 2025. [Former International Henk Groot (84) Has Passed Away]
  18. "Het Wonderseizoen Van Henk Groot" (in Dutch). Golden Goals Media. Retrieved 1 November 2025. [The Miraculous Season Of Henk Groot]
  19. 1 2 Topscorers Eredivisie 1990–1991 [ permanent dead link ], Eredivisielive.nl (Dutch)
  20. Topscorers Eredivisie 1991–1992 [ permanent dead link ], Eredivisielive.nl (Dutch)
  21. Topscorers Eredivisie 1992–1993 [ permanent dead link ], Eredivisielive.nl (Dutch)
  22. UEFA.com (16 August 2023). "UEFA Super Cup history". UEFA . Retrieved 18 May 2024.