Frederuna von Sachsen | |
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Queen consort of France | |
Tenure | 907–917 |
Born | 887 Goslar, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany |
Died | 917 (aged 29–30) Lorraine, France |
Spouse | Charles III of France (m. 907) |
Issue | Gisela of France Frederuna Adelais Rotrude Hildegarde Ermentrude |
Father | Dietrich Theodoric von Ringelheim |
Mother | Gisela of Lotharingia |
Frederuna (or Frederonne, Fridarun; French : Frédérune or Frérone; 887–917) was the queen consort of France by marriage to King Charles III of France.
She was born in Goslar, Hanover to Dietrich Theodorich von Ringelheim, Duke of Saxony and his wife Gisela of Lotharingia. She was the half-sister of Matilda of Ringelheim, who married Henry the Fowler, King of East Francia, Amalrada, Bia, and a brother, Beuve II, the Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, [1] and the first wife of King Charles III of France, [2] whom she married in 907. [3] She bore Charles six daughters: Ermentrude, Gisela, Frederuna, Adelais, Rotrude and Hildegarde. [4] Frederuna died in 917 [5] and she was succeeded as queen consort by Eadgifu of England, a daughter of Edward the Elder in 919. [6]
Year 887 (DCCCLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Rollo, also known with his epithet, Rollo "the Walker", was a Viking who, as Count of Rouen, became the first ruler of Normandy, a region in today's northern France. He emerged as a leading warrior figure among the Norsemen who had secured a permanent foothold on Frankish soil in the valley of the lower Seine after the Siege of Chartres in 911. Charles the Simple, king of West Francia, granted them lands between the mouth of the Seine and what is now Rouen in exchange for Rollo agreeing to end his brigandage, swearing allegiance to him, religious conversion and a pledge to defend the Seine's estuary from other Viking raiders.
Charles III, called the Simple or the Straightforward, was the king of West Francia from 898 until 922 and the king of Lotharingia from 911 until 919–923. He was a member of the Carolingian dynasty.
Hugh the Great was the duke of the Franks and count of Paris. He was the most powerful magnate in France.
Charles IV was King of Spain and ruler of the Spanish Empire from 1788 to 1808.
Hedwig of Saxony was a member of the Ottonian dynasty and wife of the Robertian duke Hugh the Great. Upon her husband's death in 956, she ruled the Robertian estates as a regent during the minority of their son Hugh Capet, the founder of the Elder House of Capet.
Eadgifu or Edgifu, also known as Edgiva or Ogive, was Queen of the West Franks as the wife of King Charles the Simple. She was a daughter of Edward the Elder, King of Wessex and England, and his second wife Ælfflæd.
Judith of Flanders was a Carolingian princess who became Queen of Wessex by two successive marriages and later Countess of Flanders. Judith was the eldest child of the Carolingian emperor Charles the Bald and his first wife, Ermentrude of Orléans. In 856, she married Æthelwulf, King of Wessex. After her husband's death in 858, Judith married his son and successor, Æthelbald. King Ætheldbald died in 860. Both of Judith's first two marriages were childless. Her third marriage was to Baldwin I, Margrave of Flanders, with whom she had several children.
Charles was the duke of Lower Lorraine from 977 until his death.
Lothair II, often Lothair of Arles, was the King of Italy from 947 to his death. He was of the noble Frankish lineage of the Bosonids, descended from Boso the Elder. His father and predecessor was Hugh of Provence, great-grandson of Lothair II, King of Lotharingia, and his mother was a German princess named Alda.
The Battle of Soissons was fought on 15 June 923 between an alliance of Frankish insurgent nobles led by Robert I, elected king in an assembly the year prior, and an army composed of Lotharingians, Normans, and Carolingian forces under King Charles III's command. The battle took place at Soissons, near Aisne. Robert was killed, but his army won the war. Charles was imprisoned by Herbert II of Vermandois and held captive until his death in 929. Rudolph, Duke of Burgundy, Robert's son-in-law, succeeded him as ruler of West Francia.
Charles-Constantine was a Count of Vienne. His father, Louis the Blind, was King of Provence and Holy Roman Emperor.
William Longsword was the second ruler of Normandy, from 927 until his assassination in 942.
Gerberga of Saxony was the queen of France by marriage to Louis IV of France between 939 and 954. She ruled as regent during the minority of their son Lothair in 954–959.
Beatrice of Vermandois was a Carolingian aristocrat, queen of Western Francia by marriage to Robert I, and mother of Hugh the Great.
Hagano was a petty nobleman (mediocris) who achieved influence in Lotharingia and West Francia during the rule of Charles the Simple (898–922). He was a relative of Charles' first wife, Frederuna, and was originally from Lotharingia. Though Frederuna had died in 917, by 918 Hagano had become the king's favourite and his most trusted advisor. The aristocracy despised him, however, and the authority of Charles over the nobles was severely weakened by Hagano's presence at court. Charles' sin appears to be transferring grants in benefice, especially of monasteries, from his barons to Hagano.
Mary Fiennes (1495–1531) was an English courtier. She was the wife of Henry Norris. Norris was executed for treason as one of the alleged lovers of her cousin, Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII of England. Mary lived for six years at the French court as a Maid of Honour to queens consort Mary Tudor, wife of Louis XII; and Claude of France, wife of Francis I.
Hugh I was count of Maine. He succeeded his father as of Count of Maine c. 900.
Roger of Maine, who died circa 900, was Count of Maine from 886 to 893, and again from 895 to 900. He is the founder of the second house of Maine, sometimes called the "Hugonids".
Louis IV, called d'Outremer or Transmarinus, reigned as King of West Francia from 936 to 954. A member of the Carolingian dynasty, he was the only son of king Charles the Simple and his second wife Eadgifu of Wessex, daughter of King Edward the Elder of Wessex. His reign is mostly known thanks to the Annals of Flodoard and the later Historiae of Richerus.