Fredric March

For the Australian soldier, see Frederick Hamilton March.

Fredric March
March in 1939
Born	Ernest Frederick McIntyre Bickel (1897-08-31)August 31, 1897 Racine, Wisconsin, U.S.
Died	April 14, 1975(1975-04-14) (aged 77) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1921–1973
Spouse(s)	Ellis Baker ​ ​ (m. 1921;div. 1927)​ Florence Eldridge ​ ​ (m. 1927)​
Children	2

Fredric March (born Ernest Frederick McIntyre Bickel; August 31, 1897 – April 14, 1975) was an American actor, regarded as one of Hollywood's most celebrated stars of the 1930s and 1940s. ^{[1] [2]} As a performer he was known for his protean versatility. Although his career never reached the same heights as that of the previous two decades, his success as an actor continued well into the 1950s and 1960s.

He began his career in 1920, by working as an extra in movies filmed in New York City. He made his stage debut on Broadway in 1926 at the age of 29, and by the end of the decade, he signed a film contract with Paramount Pictures.

Not long after his motion picture debut in 1929, he began receiving leading and major supporting roles. The year after, he gained the first major recognition of his acting career by starring in the film The Royal Family of Broadway (1930) directed by George Cukor. The role garnered him his first Academy Award nomination. The next year he would go onto win both the Academy Award for Best Actor and the Volpi Cup for Best Actor for his performance in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931). These early successes quickly led to him becoming an established leading man and roles in well known classic films throughout the 1930s and 1940s, roles of which further raised his profile. These films include Design for Living (1933) with Gary Cooper; Death Takes a Holiday (1934); The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934) with Norma Shearer; Les Misérables with Charles Laughton; Anna Karenina (1935) with Greta Garbo; The Dark Angel with Merle Oberon; Nothing Sacred (1937) with Carole Lombard and I Married a Witch (1942) with Veronica Lake.

During this period, in 1937, he starred in the leading male role in the original A Star is Born alongside Janet Gaynor, and for which he received his third Academy Award nomination. In 1946, he would receive his fourth Academy Award nomination and win his second Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in The Best Years of Our Lives , the film that's often regarded as the biggest success of his career. The film was directed by William Wyler and his co-stars included the likes Myrna Loy, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright and Virginia Mayo.

During the beginning of the 1950s, March continued to enjoy major success, the first of which being for his portrayal of Willy Loman in the 1951 film adaptation of Arthur Miller's play Death of a Salesman , a role of which Miller originally wanted March to originate on stage. This performance garnered him his fifth and final Academy Award nomination and won him his second Volpi Cup for Best Actor. Other major films of his from this decade are Executive Suite (1954) with Barbara Stanwyck and William Holden; The Bridges at Toko-Ri (1954) with Grace Kelly and again with Holden; and The Desperate Hours (1955) with Humphrey Bogart.

March's film career began to decline around the mid-1950s and by the 1960s, he had started to star in a much smaller number of films than he had previously during the most successful decades of his career. In spite of this, he still had major roles in a handful of successful films during this period, they are Inherit the Wind (1960) for which he won the Silver Bear for Best Actor; Seven Days in May (1964) with Burt Lancaster, Ava Gardner and Kirk Douglas; and Hombre (1967) with Paul Newman. He closed out his career playing opposite Jeff Bridges and Lee Marvin in the 1973 film The Iceman Cometh .

He was also a well regarded stage actor. During his career acting on stage he had twice won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his performances in the plays Years Ago (1947) and Long Day's Journey into Night (1956).

March is one of only two actors, the other being Helen Hayes, to have won both the Academy Award and the Tony Award twice.

Early life

March was born in Racine, Wisconsin, the son of Cora Brown Marcher (1863–1936), a schoolteacher from England, ^[3] and John F. Bickel (1859–1941), a devout Presbyterian Church elder who worked in the wholesale hardware business. ^[4] March attended the Winslow Elementary School (established in 1855), Racine High School, and the University of Wisconsin–Madison,^{[ citation needed ]} where he was a member of Alpha Delta Phi. ^[5]

March served in the United States Army during World War I as an artillery lieutenant.

He began a career as a banker, but an emergency appendectomy caused him to re-evaluate his life, and in 1920, he began working as an "extra" in movies made in New York City, using a shortened form of his mother's maiden name. He appeared on Broadway in 1926, and by the end of the decade, he signed a film contract with Paramount Pictures. ^[6]

Career

"March's special ability was to suggest genuine mental pain. As a portrayer of tortured and distressed men, he has no equal. The complete physical control which allows him convincingly to sag, stoop and collapse is assisted by a face suggesting at the same time both intelligence and sensitivity"—Australian-born film historian John Baxter. ^[7]

Like Laurence Olivier, March had a rare protean quality to his acting that allowed him to assume almost any persona convincingly, from Robert Browning to William Jennings Bryan to Dr Jekyll - or Mr. Hyde. He received an Oscar nomination for the 4th Academy Awards in 1930 for The Royal Family of Broadway , in which he played a role modeled on John Barrymore. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for the 5th Academy Awards in 1932 for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (tied with Wallace Beery for The Champ , although March accrued one more vote than Beery ^[8] ). This led to roles in a series of classic films based on stage hits and classic novels like Design for Living (1933) with Gary Cooper and Miriam Hopkins; Death Takes a Holiday (1934); Les Misérables (1935) with Charles Laughton; Anna Karenina (1935) with Greta Garbo; Anthony Adverse (1936) with Olivia de Havilland; and as the original Norman Maine in A Star is Born (1937) with Janet Gaynor, for which he received his third Academy Award nomination.

Warner Baxter, June Lang, and March in The Road to Glory (1936)

March with Janet Gaynor in A Star is Born (1937)

Hoagy Carmichael, March, Myrna Loy, Dana Andrews and Theresa Wright in The Best Years of Our Lives (1946)

Henry Drummond (Tracy, left) and Matthew Harrison Brady (March, right) in Inherit the Wind . Previously, March had taken the role in The Desperate Hours originally offered to Tracy. Both men had also played Dr. Jekyll/Mr. Hyde.

March resisted signing long-term contracts with the studios, ^{[8] [9]} enabling him to play roles in films from a variety of studios. He returned to Broadway after a ten-year absence in 1937 with a notable flop, Yr. Obedient Husband, but after the success of Thornton Wilder's The Skin of Our Teeth , he focused as much on Broadway as on Hollywood. He won two Best Actor Tony Awards: in 1947 for the play Years Ago, written by Ruth Gordon and in 1957 for his performance as James Tyrone in the original Broadway production of Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey Into Night . He also had major successes in A Bell for Adano in 1944 and Gideon in 1961, and he played in Ibsen's An Enemy of the People on Broadway in 1951. During this period, he also starred in films, including I Married a Witch (1942) and Another Part of the Forest (1948). March won his second Oscar in 1946 for The Best Years of Our Lives .

March also branched out into television, winning Emmy nominations for his third attempt at The Royal Family for the series The Best of Broadway as well as for television performances as Samuel Dodsworth and Ebenezer Scrooge. On March 25, 1954, March co-hosted the 26th Annual Academy Awards ceremony from New York City, with co-host Donald O'Connor in Los Angeles.

March's neighbor in Connecticut, playwright Arthur Miller, was thought to favor March to inaugurate the part of Willy Loman in the Pulitzer Prize-winning Death of a Salesman (1949). However, March read the play and turned down the role, whereupon director Elia Kazan cast Lee J. Cobb as Willy and Arthur Kennedy as one of Willy's sons, Biff Loman. Cobb and Kennedy were two actors with whom the director had worked in the film Boomerang (1947). March later regretted turning down the role and finally played Willy Loman in Columbia Pictures's 1951 film version of the play, directed by Laslo Benedek. March earned his fifth and final Oscar nomination as well as a Golden Globe Award. He also played one of two leads in The Desperate Hours (1955) with Humphrey Bogart. Bogart and Spencer Tracy had both insisted upon top billing, and Tracy withdrew, leaving the part available for March.

In 1957, March was awarded the George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for "distinguished contribution to the art of film". ^[10]

On February 12, 1959, March appeared before a joint session of the 86th United States Congress, reading the Gettysburg Address as part of a commemoration of the 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birth. ^[11]

March co-starred with Spencer Tracy in the 1960 Stanley Kramer film Inherit the Wind , in which he played a dramatized version of famous orator and political figure William Jennings Bryan. March's Bible-thumping character provided a rival for Tracy's Clarence Darrow-inspired character. In the 1960s, March's film career continued with a performance as President Jordan Lyman in the political thriller Seven Days in May (1964) in which he co-starred with Burt Lancaster, Kirk Douglas, and Edmond O'Brien; the part earned March a Golden Globe nomination as Best Actor.

March made several spoken word recordings, including a version of Oscar Wilde's The Selfish Giant issued in 1945 in which he narrated and played the title role, and The Sounds of History , a twelve volume LP set accompanying the twelve volume set of books The Life History of the United States, published by Time-Life. The recordings were narrated by Charles Collingwood, with March and his wife Florence Eldridge performing dramatic readings from historical documents and literature.

Following surgery for prostate cancer in 1970, it seemed his career was over; yet, he managed to give one last performance in The Iceman Cometh (1973) as the complicated Irish saloon keeper, Harry Hope.

Marriage and public activities

March in 1946

March was married to actress Florence Eldridge from 1927 until his death in 1975, and they had two adopted children. They appeared in seven films together, the last being Inherit the Wind. ^[12]

March and Eldridge commissioned Wallace Neff to build their house in Ridgeview Drive, Bel Air, in 1934. It has subsequently been owned by the philanthropist Wallis Annenberg and the actors Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston. ^[13]

Throughout his life, March and Eldridge were supporters of the Democratic Party. In July 1936, March co-founded the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League (HANL), ^[14] along with the writers Dorothy Parker ^[15] and Donald Ogden Stewart, the director Fritz Lang, and the composer Oscar Hammerstein.

In 1938, March was one of many Hollywood personalities who were investigated by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and the hunt for Communists in the film community. In July 1940, he was among a number of individuals who were questioned by a HUAC subcommittee which was led by Representative Martin Dies Jr. ^[16]

Later, in 1948, he and his wife sued the anti-communist publication Counterattack for defamation, seeking $250,000 in damages. ^[17] The suit was settled out of court. ^[18]

March died of prostate cancer, at the age of 77, in Los Angeles, and he was buried at his estate in New Milford, Connecticut.^{[ citation needed ]}

Tributes

March has a star for motion pictures on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 1620 Vine Street. ^[19]

Biographies of March include Fredric March: Craftsman First, Star Second by Deborah C. Peterson (1996), ^[20] and Fredric March: A Consummate Actor (2013) by Charles Tranberg. ^[8]

Misunderstanding

March was briefly a member of an interfraternity society composed of leading students formed at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1919 and 1920 named the Ku Klux Klan which is not believed to have been affiliated with the notorious organization of that name. ^{[21] [22]} In actuality, March was an outspoken proponent of the civil rights movement for five decades, and worked closely with the NAACP. ^{[23] [24]} When the collegiate organization was named, the (later national) KKK was a small regional organization. As the national KKK became better known, the collegiate organization changed its name in 1922. ^[22]

False rumors based on a misunderstanding of the organization of which March was a member were spread on social media that March was a white supremacist. ^[24] The 500-seat theater at the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh was formerly named after March. ^[25] The University of Wisconsin–Madison had named the 168-seat at the Memorial Union as the Fredric March Play Circle Theater; however, in 2018, his name was removed, after student protests following reports of March's membership in a student fraternal organization calling itself Ku Klux Klan. ^{[26] [27] [28] [29]} UW–Oshkosh pulled March's name from what is now the Theatre Arts Center shortly before the 2020–21 academic term. ^[30] After new revalations about the nature of the KKK fraternity, as of autumn 2022, there were discussions for a return of March's name. ^[31]

Filmography and awards

Filmography

Films
Year	Title	Role	Notes
1921	The Education of Elizabeth	Extra	Uncredited
	The Great Adventure	Extra	Uncredited
	The Devil	Extra	Uncredited
	Paying the Piper	Extra	Uncredited
1929	The Dummy	Trumbull Meredith
	The Wild Party	James 'Gil' Gilmore
	The Studio Murder Mystery	Richard Hardell
	Paris Bound	Jim Hutton
	Jealousy	Pierre	lost film
	Footlights and Fools	Gregory Pyne	lost film; the soundtrack survives
	The Marriage Playground	Martin Boyne
1930	Sarah and Son	Howard Vanning
	Paramount on Parade	Doughboy	Cameo
	Ladies Love Brutes	Dwight Howell
	True to the Navy	Bull's Eye McCoy
	Manslaughter	Dan O'Bannon
	Laughter	Paul Lockridge
	The Royal Family of Broadway	Tony Cavendish
1931	Honor Among Lovers	Jerry Stafford
	The Night Angel	Rudek Berken
	My Sin	Dick Grady
	Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde	Dr. Henry Jekyll / Mr Edward Hyde
1932	Strangers in Love	Buddy Drake / Arthur Drake
	Merrily We Go to Hell	Jerry Corbett
	Make Me a Star	Himself	behind-the-scenes drama, Uncredited
	Smilin' Through	Kenneth Wayne
	The Sign of the Cross	Marcus Superbus
	Hollywood on Parade No. A-1	Himself	short film
1933	Tonight Is Ours	Sabien Pastal
	The Eagle and the Hawk	Jerry H. Young
	Design for Living	Thomas B. 'Tom' Chambers
1934	All of Me	Don Ellis
	Good Dame	Mace Townsley
	Death Takes a Holiday	Prince Sirki / Death
	The Affairs of Cellini	Benvenuto Cellini
	The Barretts of Wimpole Street	Robert Browning
	We Live Again	Prince Dmitri Nekhlyudov
	Hollywood on Parade No. B-6	Himself	short film
1935	Les Misérables	Jean Valjean / Champmathieu
	Anna Karenina	Count Vronsky
	The Dark Angel	Alan Trent
	Screen Snapshots Series 14, No. 11	Himself	short film
1936	The Road to Glory	Lieutenant Michel Denet
	Mary of Scotland	Bothwell
	Anthony Adverse	Anthony Adverse
	Screen Snapshots Series 16, No. 3	Himself	short film
1937	A Star Is Born	Norman Maine
	Nothing Sacred	Wallace 'Wally' Cook
	Screen Snapshots Series 16, No. 5	Himself	short film
1938	The Buccaneer	Jean Lafitte
	There Goes My Heart	Bill Spencer
	Trade Winds	Sam Wye
1939	The 400 Million	Narrator	Documentary
1940	Susan and God	Barrie Trexel
	Victory	Hendrik Heyst
	Lights Out in Europe	Narrator	Documentary
1941	So Ends Our Night	Josef Steiner
	One Foot in Heaven	William Spence
	Bedtime Story	Lucius 'Luke' Drake
1942	I Married a Witch	Jonathan Wooley / Nathaniel Wooley / Samuel Wooley
	Lake Carrier	Narrator	Documentary short
1944	Valley of the Tennessee	Narrator
	The Adventures of Mark Twain	Samuel Langhorne Clemens
	Tomorrow, the World!	Mike Frame
1946	The Best Years of Our Lives	Al Stephenson
1948	Another Part of the Forest	Marcus Hubbard
	An Act of Murder	Judge Calvin Cooke
1949	Christopher Columbus	Christopher Columbus
	The Ford Theatre Hour	Oscar Jaffe	Television Episode: "The Twentieth Century"
1950	The Titan: Story of Michelangelo	Narrator	Documentary
	The Nash Airflyte Theater		Television Episode: "The Boor"
1951	It's a Big Country	Joe Esposito
	Death of a Salesman	Willy Loman
	Lux Video Theatre		Television Episode: "The Speech"
1952	Lux Video Theatre	Captain Matt	Television Episode: "Ferry Crisis at Friday Point"
	Toast of the Town	Himself	later known as The Ed Sullivan Show
1953	Omnibus	Don Juan	Television Episode: "The Last Night of Don Juan"
	Man on a Tightrope	Karel Cernik
1954	The Bridges at Toko-Ri	Rear Admiral George Tarrant
	Executive Suite	Loren Phineas Shaw
	The Best of Broadway	Tony Cavendish	Television Episode: "The Royal Family" (based on March's Broadway play and film of the same name)
	Shower of Stars	Ebenezer Scrooge	Television Episode: "A Christmas Carol"
	What's My Line?	Himself
1955	The Desperate Hours	Dan C. Hilliard
1956	Alexander the Great	Philip II of Macedon
	The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit	Ralph Hopkins
	Producers' Showcase	Sam Dodsworth	Television Episode: "Dodsworth"
	Shower of Stars	Eugene Tesh	Television Episode: "The Flattering World"
	Island of Allah	Narrator
1957	Toast of the Town	Himself	later known as The Ed Sullivan Show
	Albert Schweitzer	Narrator	Documentary
1958	The DuPont Show of the Month	Arthur Winslow	Television Episode: "The Winslow Boy"
	Tales from Dickens	Host	also known as Fredric March Presents Tales From Dickens, March hosted seven episodes during 1958 and 1959. Episodes: "Bardell Versus Pickwick", "Uriah Heep", "A Christmas Carol", "David and Betsy Trotwood", "David and His Mother", "Christmas at Dingley Dell", and "The Runaways"
1959	Middle of the Night	Jerry Kingsley
1960	Inherit the Wind	Matthew Harrison Brady
1961	The Young Doctors	Dr. Joseph Pearson
1962	I Sequestrati di Altona (The Condemned of Altona)	Albrecht von Gerlach
1963	A Tribute to John F. Kennedy from the Arts	Host
1964	Seven Days in May	President Jordan Lyman
	The Presidency: A Splendid Mystery	Narrator	Television
	Pieta	Narrator	Documentary
1967	Hombre	Dr. Alex Favor
1970	…tick…tick…tick…	Mayor Jeff Parks
1973	The Iceman Cometh	Harry Hope	final film role

Awards and nominations

Award	Year	Category	Work	Result
Academy Awards	1931	Best Actor	The Royal Family of Broadway	Nominated
	1932		Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde	Won
	1938		A Star Is Born	Nominated
	1947		The Best Years of Our Lives	Won
	1952		Death of a Salesman	Nominated
BAFTA Awards	1952	Best Foreign Actor		Nominated
	1955		Executive Suite	Nominated
	1961		Inherit the Wind	Nominated
Golden Globe Awards	1952	Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama	Death of a Salesman	Won
	1960		Middle of the Night	Nominated
	1965		Seven Days in May	Nominated
Primetime Emmy Awards	1955	Best Single Performance by an Actor	The Best of Broadway (for episode "The Royal Family")	Nominated
			Shower of Stars (for episode "A Christmas Carol")	Nominated
	1957		Producers' Showcase (for episode "Dodsworth")	Nominated
Tony Awards	1947	Best Actor in a Play	Years Ago	Won
	1957		Long Day's Journey into Night	Won
	1962		Gideon	Nominated
Venice Film Festival Awards	1932	Best Actor	Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde	Won
	1952	Volpi Cup for Best Actor	Death of a Salesman	Won
	1954	Special Jury Prize for Ensemble Acting	Executive Suite	Won (shared with the principal cast)
Berlin Film Festival Awards	1960	Silver Bear for Best Actor	Inherit the Wind	Won
David di Donatello Awards	1964	Best Foreign Actor	Seven Days in May	Won
New York Film Critics Circle Awards	1946	Best Actor	The Best Years of Our Lives	Nominated
Laurel Awards	1967	Top Male Supporting Performance	Hombre	Nominated

Radio appearances

Year	Program	Episode/source
1942	Lux Radio Theatre	One Foot in Heaven [32]
1946	Academy Award	A Star Is Born [33]
1949	The MGM Theater of the Air	Citadel
1953	Theatre Guild on the Air	Cass Timberlane [34]
1953	Star Playhouse	A Bell for Adano [35]
1953		There Shall Be No Night [36]

See also

• Biography portal

• List of actors with two or more Academy Awards in acting categories

Footnotes

1. "Fredric March". Turner Classic Movies.
2. Obituary Variety , April 16, 1975, page 95.
3. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine : "Guests: Jill & Dickie Kolmar; Fredric March". What's My Line?. March 21, 1954. 15:00 minutes in. CBS. Retrieved March 5, 2019– via YouTube.
4. Ross, Lillian; Ross, Helen (September 22, 1961). The Player A Profile Of An Art. New York: Simon And Schuster. pp. 359–363 – via Internet Archive.
5. "Alpha Delts Accept Colby College Charter". The Bangor Daily News. February 23, 1961. p. 19. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
6. "Fredric March, american actor". Encyclopædia Britannica . August 27, 2018. Archived from the original on March 10, 2018.
7. Baxter, 1970 p. 176
8. Tranberg, Charles (2013). Fredric March: A Consummate Actor. Duncan, Oklahoma: BearManor Media. ISBN   978-1593937454.
9. "Fredric March: A Consummate Actor - An Interview with author Charles Tranberg". Let's Misbehave: A Tribute to Precode Hollywood. Blogspot.com.au.
10. "Awards granted by George Eastman House International Museum of Photography & Film". George Eastman House. Archived from the original on April 15, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
11. "Nation Honor Lincoln On Sesquicentennial" (PDF). Yonkers Herald-Statesman . Associated Press. February 11, 1959. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 1, 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2013. Congress gets into the act tomorrow, when a joint session will be held. Carl Sandburg, famed Lincoln biographer, will give and address, and actor Fredric March will read the Gettysburg Address.
12. Pryor, Thomas M. (July 6, 1960). "Film Reviews: Inherit the Wind". Variety. p. 6. Retrieved December 4, 2020– via Internet Archive.
13. "Hedge Funder Slashes Price of Showbiz Pedigreed Estate by $4.5 Million". Variety . October 22, 2019. Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
14. "Hollywood Fights Back - In Our Own Backyard: Resisting Nazi Propaganda in Southern California 1933-1945". digital-library.csun.edu. Archived from the original on June 1, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
15. Longworth, Karina (February 26, 2016). "Dorothy Parker Goes to Hollywood". Slate . ISSN   1091-2339 . Retrieved May 31, 2018.
16. "HUAC Goes to Hollywood, Part 1: The Forgotten Investigation of 1940". Cold War & Internal Security (CWIS) Collection: East Carolina University. December 7, 2017. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
17. Everitt, David (2007). A Shadow of Red: Communism and the Blacklist in Radio and Television. Ivan R. Dee. pp. 30 (1948), 85 (1950). ISBN   9781683931133 . Retrieved March 3, 2018.
18. Cuthbertson, Ken (May 1, 2015). A Complex Fate: William L. Shirer and the American Century. McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN   9780773597242 . Retrieved March 3, 2018.
19. "Fredric March". Hollywood Walk of Fame. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
20. Peterson, Deborah C. (1996). Fredric March: Craftsman First, Star Second. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN   978-0313298028.
21. "Ask Flamingle". Wisconsin Alumni Association. July 5, 2008.
22. McWhorter, John (September 17, 2021). "The University of Wisconsin Smears a Once-Treasured Alum". The New York Times. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
23. "Hollywood Monuments to John Wayne, D.W. Griffith and More Are Under Fire: A Status Report". The Hollywood Reporter. December 18, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
24. Gonis, George (November 25, 2020). "A Star Is Shorn: Thanks to Woefully Underinformed Campus Activists, Acting Legend, Badger Alum, and Civil Rights Champion Fredric March Is Suddenly "Off Wisconsin"". Bright Lights Film Journal. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
25. "UW Oshkosh: Theatre Facilities". University of Wisconsin—Oshkosh. Archived from the original on June 19, 2010. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
26. "Wisconsin Union Theater". Wisconsin Union. Archived from the original on July 4, 2015. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
27. Widell, Sydney (May 3, 2018). "Union to cover KKK fraternity members' names on gallery, play circle". The Daily Cardinal . Retrieved March 5, 2019.
28. Erickson, Doug (April 19, 2018). "UW–Madison releases report on student organizations that took name of KKK in 1920s" (Press release). University of Wisconsin-Madison.
29. "1924 Badger". Wisconsin Alumni Association. July 5, 2008.
30. Ordonez, Brenda (August 18, 2020). "UW-Oshkosh renames theatre building after troubling discovery". WFRV-TV . Retrieved August 18, 2020.
31. https://eu.jsonline.com/story/news/education/2022/09/06/calls-return-fredric-marchs-name-uw-madison-campus-get-loud/7935291001/
32. "Those Were the Days". Nostalgia Digest. Vol. 43, no. 2. Spring 2017. p. 33.
33. "Those Were The Days". Nostalgia Digest. Vol. 41, no. 3. Summer 2015. pp. 32–39.
34. Kirby, Walter (February 15, 1953). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". The Decatur Daily Review. p. 42. Retrieved June 21, 2015– via Newspapers.com.
35. Kirby, Walter (October 11, 1953). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". The Decatur Daily Review. p. 50. Retrieved July 6, 2015– via Newspapers.com.
36. Kirby, Walter (November 29, 1953). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". The Decatur Daily Review. p. 50. Retrieved July 14, 2015– via Newspapers.com.

References

• Baxter, John. 1970. Hollywood in the Thirties. International Film Guide Series. Paperback Library, New York. LOC Card Number 68-24003.

External links

• Fredric March at IMDb
• Fredric March at the Internet Broadway Database
• Photographs of Fredric March