Selenocysteine is the 21st proteinogenic amino acid. Selenoproteins contain selenocysteine residues. Selenocysteine is an analogue of the more common cysteine with selenium in place of the sulfur.
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is the general name of an enzyme family with peroxidase activity whose main biological role is to protect the organism from oxidative damage. The biochemical function of glutathione peroxidase is to reduce lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and to reduce free hydrogen peroxide to water.
In molecular biology a selenoprotein is any protein that includes a selenocysteine amino acid residue. Among functionally characterized selenoproteins are five glutathione peroxidases (GPX) and three thioredoxin reductases, (TrxR/TXNRD) which both contain only one Sec. Selenoprotein P is the most common selenoprotein found in the plasma. It is unusual because in humans it contains 10 Sec residues, which are split into two domains, a longer N-terminal domain that contains 1 Sec, and a shorter C-terminal domain that contains 9 Sec. The longer N-terminal domain is likely an enzymatic domain, and the shorter C-terminal domain is likely a means of safely transporting the very reactive selenium atom throughout the body.
Glutathione peroxidase 1, also known as GPx1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX1 gene on chromosome 3. This gene encodes a member of the glutathione peroxidase family. Glutathione peroxidase functions in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, and is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes in humans.
Glutathione peroxidase 4, also known as GPX4, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX4 gene. GPX4 is a phospholipid hydroperoxidase that protects cells against membrane lipid peroxidation.
Protein kinase C eta type is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKCH gene.
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D3 (PKD3) or PKC-nu is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKD3 gene.
Selenoprotein P is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEPP1 gene.
Glutathione peroxidase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX2 gene.
Glutathione S-transferase A4, also known as GSTA4, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the GSTA4 gene.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 3 (eIF2γ) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF2S3 gene.
Selenoprotein S, also known as SELS, is a human gene.
Selenide, water dikinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SEPHS1 gene.
Glutathione peroxidase 7 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX7 gene.
Selenoprotein W is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEPW1 gene.
Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SEPX1 gene.
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TXNRD1 gene.
Selenoprotein T, also known as SELT, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SELT gene.
Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx-3), also known as plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx-P) or extracellular glutathione peroxidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX3 gene.
Glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPx-5), also known as epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX5 gene.
