George William Fairfax | |
---|---|
Member of the House of Burgesses from Fairfax County | |
In office 1756–1758 ServingwithJohn West | |
Preceded by | Gerrard Alexander |
Succeeded by | George Johnson |
Member of the House of Burgesses from Frederick County | |
In office 1752–1755 ServingwithGabriel Jones | |
Preceded by | George Fairfax |
Succeeded by | Hugh West |
Personal details | |
Born | January 2,1724 New Providence,Bahamas |
Died | April 3,1787 63) England | (aged
Spouse | Sally Fairfax |
George William Fairfax (January 2,1724 –April 3,1787) was a planter in colonial Virginia who represented then-vast Frederick County and later Fairfax County in the House of Burgesses before the American Revolutionary War,by which time he had returned to England (where he was a Loyalist). A mentor and good friend of George Washington,Fairfax made opportunities for the younger Washington through his powerful British family,and Washington assisted him afterward by arranging for the sale of his Virginia property after he returned to Britain.
Fairfax was born in 1724 on the island of New Providence in the Bahamas. [1] He was the son of Sarah (née Walker),and her husband Sir William Fairfax,a British colonel who had served as an English Customs agent in Barbados,as well as a justice and Governor of the Bahamas. At his son's birth,William was working as the Customs Collector in Marblehead. Sarah's father Thomas Walker was Chief Justice of the Bahamas. In addition to George,the Fairfaxes had two daughters,Anne and Sarah. The father William was first cousin to Thomas Fairfax,6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron. George William's mother Sarah died January 21,1731,when he was only seven years old. [2]
At Lord Fairfax's request,the widower William Fairfax was reassigned to the colony of Virginia as customs agent. There he became a lieutenant of the County of Fairfax,and member and president of the council in Virginia (equivalent to lieutenant governor). William Fairfax also assisted his cousin as his land agent,managing his extensive holdings in northern Virginia known as the Northern Neck Proprietary.
Genealogists disagree about whether George William Fairfax's mother,Sarah Walker,might have possibly been of mixed race. In a letter to his mother,William Fairfax appeared to have worried about the reception of the boy by the London Fairfax family when he sent him to England.
Col. Gale has indeed kindly offered to take the care of safe conducting my eldest son George,upwards of seven years old but I judged it too forward to send him before I had your's or some one of his Uncles' or Aunts' invitation,altho' I have no reason to doubt any of their indulgences to a poor West India boy especially as he has the marks in his visage that will always testify his parentage. [2]
"West India" was a term used synonymously with Creole,which denoted native-born as much as it did mixed race in the period.
After William Fairfax moved his family to Virginia,George William became a friend of George Washington,who was eight years younger. Fairfax's older sister Anne married George Washington's older half-brother Lawrence in 1743,when George Washington was eleven years old.
Fairfax remained Washington's friend until his death in 1787. Meanwhile,he arranged for the younger Washington to help him to survey the Virginia lands of his cousin,Thomas Fairfax,6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron. [3] This gave Washington a working introduction into Virginia society.
In 1748,George William married Sally Cary,who came from one of Virginia's oldest and wealthiest families. Sally was apparently one of the most attractive women in Virginia at the time and also had a close friendship with George Washington,who lived at the neighboring plantation,Mount Vernon and may have been smitten with her,despite his lower social status than his mentor. [4]
In 1752,George William Fairfax was elected to represent then-vast Frederick County (almost all of which was in the Northern Neck Proprietary) in the House of Burgesses,where he succeeded George Fairfax and served alongside Gabriel Jones until Jones resigned to accept the office of county coroner. In the next session of the House of Burgesses,Fairfax represented Fairfax County. [5] In 1757 after his father's death,George William Fairfax inherited the Belvoir plantation,which also operated using enslaved labor. His cousin Lord Fairfax moved to the Shenandoah Valley in 1752,fixing his residence at Greenway Court near White Post (in what later became Clarke County),at the suggestion of his cousin Thomas Bryan Martin. [6] G.W. Fairfax first served as one of the Fairfax County Justices (with administrative as well as judicial powers) in 1762. [7]
Since George William Fairfax was a mentor to the young George Washington,the younger man spent considerable time at Belvoir before marrying Martha Dandridge Custis in 1759. From letters that have survived,it seems that Washington had fallen in love with Sally Cary before his own marriage. [4] [8]
George William and his wife Sally Fairfax did not have any children. They returned to England in 1773,prior to the events of the American Revolutionary War,to take care of a family property matter. Fairfax was a Loyalist. He directed his friend Washington to rent Belvoir and sell some of his property,including slaves. The Fairfaxes did not return to Virginia afterward.
In one of his final acts in Virginia,in 1772,Fairfax together with Washington funded the gilding of the alter in the new Pohick Church,on whose vestry both served. [9] In 1774 Washington wrote to George William Fairfax with an account of actions related to his business and property affairs in Virginia;with political tensions on the rise,he assured Fairfax he was keeping quiet about his friend's plans not to return to the colony. Washington also wrote of the Virginia governor's dissolution of the 1774 Virginia Assembly for passing a resolution critical of his office and the Crown,and news of tensions in the northern colonies. [10] The two men continued to correspond during the buildup to war. [11]
James Wood was an officer of the U.S. Continental Army during the American Revolution and the 11th Governor of Virginia.
Thomas Fairfax,6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron,was a Scottish peer. He was the son of Thomas Fairfax,5th Lord Fairfax of Cameron,and Catherine Colepeper,daughter of Thomas Colepeper,2nd Baron Colepeper.
Fort Belvoir is a United States Army installation and a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County,Virginia,United States. It was developed on the site of the former Belvoir plantation,seat of the prominent Fairfax family for whom Fairfax County was named. It was known as Camp A. A. Humphreys from 1917 to 1935 and Fort Belvoir afterward.
Robert "King" Carter was a merchant,planter and powerful politician in colonial Virginia. Born in Lancaster County,Carter eventually became one of the richest men in the Thirteen Colonies. As President of the Virginia Governor's Council,Carter served as the royal governor of Virginia from 1726 to 1727 after the previous governor,Hugh Drysdale,died in office. He acquired the moniker "King" from fellow Virginians in his lifetime connoting his wealth,autocratic business methods and political power. Carter also served as the colony's Treasurer,many terms in the House of Burgesses and twice fellow members elected him as their Speaker.
Sarah "Sally" Cary Fairfax was the wife of George William Fairfax (1724–1787),a prominent member of the landed gentry of late colonial Virginia,and the mistress of the Virginia plantation and estate of Belvoir. She is well-remembered for being the woman George Washington was apparently in love with before his marriage to Martha Dandridge Custis.
Lawrence Washington (1718–1752) was an American soldier,planter,politician,and prominent landowner in colonial Virginia. As a founding member of the Ohio Company of Virginia,and a member of the colonial legislature representing Fairfax County,he also founded the town of Alexandria,Virginia on the banks of the Potomac River in 1749.
Ferdinando Fairfax was a Virginia landowner and member of the prominent Fairfax family.
John Carlyle Herbert was an American lawyer,planter,military officer in the War of 1812 and politician. He served as a legislator in both Virginia and Maryland,as well as a U.S. Congressman representing Maryland's 2nd congressional district (1814-1818).
The Fairfax Resolves were a set of resolutions adopted by a committee in Fairfax County in the colony of Virginia on July 18,1774,in the early stages of the American Revolution. Written at the behest of George Washington and others,they were authored primarily by George Mason. The resolutions rejected the British Parliament's claim of supreme authority over the American colonies. More than thirty counties in Virginia passed similar resolutions in 1774,"but the Fairfax Resolves were the most detailed,the most influential,and the most radical."
Leven Powell was a Virginia planter,merchant,Continental Army officer and Federalist politician who served several terms in the Virginia House of Delegates as well as in the Virginia Ratification Convention representing Loudoun County,and one term as a United States representative for Virginia's 17th congressional district.
Thomas Bryan Martin (1731–1798) was an 18th-century English American land agent,justice,legislator,and planter in the colony of Virginia and in present-day West Virginia. Martin was the land agent of the Northern Neck Proprietary for his uncle Thomas Fairfax,6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1693–1781) and served two terms in the House of Burgesses.
Rev. Bryan Fairfax,8th Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1736—1802) was an Anglican clergyman and Scottish peer. He was a lifelong friend of George Washington and became the first American-born Lord Fairfax;his predecessors were born in the UK. The Rev. The Lord Fairfax was the first cousin once removed of the seventh Lord. He lived in Virginia. He was the grandson of Reverend the Hon. Henry Fairfax,second son of the fourth Lord. However,it wasn't until 1800 that he was confirmed in the title by the House of Lords.
William Fairfax (1691–1757) was a political appointee of the British Crown in several colonies as well as a planter and politician in the Colony of Virginia. Fairfax served as Collector of Customs in Barbados,Chief Justice and governor of the Bahamas;and Customs agent in Marblehead,Massachusetts before being reassigned to the Virginia colony. In the Virginia Colony,Fairfax acted as a land agent for his cousin's vast holdings in the colony's northeast corner,known as the Northern Neck Proprietary. Also a tobacco planter himself,Fairfax was elected to the House of Burgesses representing King William County within the proprietary,which he helped split so that Fairfax County was created. Appointed to the Governor's Council,he rose to become its president. Fairfax also commissioned the construction of his plantation called Belvoir in what became Fairfax County to honor his family.
Belvoir was the plantation and estate of colonial Virginia's prominent William Fairfax family. Operated with the forced labor of enslaved people,it sat on the west bank of the Potomac River in Fairfax County,Virginia,at the present site of Fort Belvoir. The main house —called Belvoir Manor or Belvoir Mansion —burned in 1783 and was destroyed during the War of 1812. The site has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973 as "Belvoir Mansion Ruins and the Fairfax Grave."
Mount Eagle was a plantation home built by Bryan Fairfax,8th Lord Fairfax of Cameron in 1789–90,south of Hunting Creek and Alexandria in Fairfax County,Virginia. It was demolished in 1968;the Huntington Metro Station and several condominium complexes were built on the property.
Towlston Grange is an 18th-century plantation in Great Falls in Fairfax County,Virginia,United States. The estate served as a residence for several prominent members of the Fairfax family. Towlston Grange is located at 1213 Towlston Road in Great Falls. There is a photograph of Bryan Fairfax's Towlston Grange in its unrestored state,taken by "The Rambler" of the Washington,D.C. Evening Star newspaper in 1918,that shows a 1+1⁄2-story clapboarded house built in the English tradition.[4]
Nicholas Battalle Fitzhugh was a Virginia lawyer and politician who became a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia after representing Fairfax County in the Virginia House of Delegates.
David Stuart was a Virginia physician,politician,and correspondent of George Washington. When Washington became President of the United States,he made Stuart one of three commissioners appointed to design a new United States capital city.
Gabriel Jones was an 18th-century Welsh American lawyer,legislator,court clerk and civil servant in the colony of Virginia.
George William Fairfax.
George William Fairfax.