Grand Prince of Vladimir

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The Prince of Vladimir, [1] from the 1186 [2] Grand Prince of Vladimir (Russian : Великий князь Владимирский), [3] also translated as Grand Duke of Vladimir, was the title of the monarch of Vladimir-Suzdal. The title was passed to the prince of Moscow in 1389. [4]

Contents

Overview

The monarch of Vladimir-Suzdal's title, veliky knyaz or velikii kniaz (Russian : Великий Князь, romanized: velikiy knyaz' / velikii kniaz', Church Slavonic : великꙑи кнѧзь, romanized: velikȳi knęz' [2] ) is variously translated into English as "grand duke"[ citation needed ] or "grand prince". [5] Consequently, Vladimir-Suzdal has been interchangeably described as a "grand principality" [6] [7] or "grand duchy".[ citation needed ] Linguist Alan Timberlake (2000) found that the first time the phrase velikȳi knęz' shows up in the Suzdalian Chronicle (in the Laurentian , Radziwiłł and LPS manuscripts) is under the year 1186, where it is applied to Vsevolod Yurievich. [2] In his early reign from 1177 to 1186, he is simply referred to as "prince Vsevolod" (knęz' (zhe) Vsevolod'). [1]

From 1157 to 1238, the principality's capital was Vladimir on the Klyazma,[ citation needed ] which had been founded in 1108. [8] In 1151 Andrey Bogolyubsky secretly left Vyshgorod, the domain of his father in the Principality of Kiev, and migrated to Suzdal.[ citation needed ] In 1157, he inherited leadership of the principalities of Vladimir, Suzdal and Rostov.[ citation needed ] He sacked Kiev in 1169, installing his younger brother Gleb as the new Grand Prince of Kiev. [9]

The city of Vladimir was sacked by a Mongol invasion in 1238. The second important city, Suzdal', was also destroyed by Mongols. The entire principality was then overrun in 1242 by the Mongols under Batu Khan, founder of the Golden Horde.[ citation needed ] The state of Vladimir-Suzdal (formally the grand principality of Vladimir [7] ) became dominant among the various petty northeastern Rus' principalities left after the dissolution of the Kievan Rus' state.[ citation needed ] The title of Grand Prince of Vladimir became one of the three titles (along with Kiev and Novgorod[ citation needed ]) possessed by the most important rulers among the Rus' nobility.[ citation needed ] In the forest region, Vladimir enjoyed hegemony for a time, but it too disintegrated into a series of petty states.[ citation needed ] By the 14th century, Vladimir-Suzdal had splintered into various appanage principalities including Nizhny Novgorod (Novgorod-Suzdal), Tver and Moscow (Muscovy) who all claimed the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir, and sought to gain the favour of the Tatar-Mongol khan of the Golden Horde to secure it. [a] In the early 14th century, the khan awarded the title to Yury of Moscow to counterbalance the strength of Tver; and after the Tver Uprising of 1327, which the Muscovites helped put down, Özbeg Khan named Ivan "Kalita" of Moscow the new grand prince of Vladimir. [11]

By the mid-14th century and especially during the Great Troubles (1359–1382), the khan's alliance with Moscow made the latter militarily and administratively powerful enough to economically and demographically devastate its rivals, notably Tver. [12] The khans therefore started awarding the grand princely title to Moscow's rivals. [13] In 1353, Konstantin Vasilyevich  [ ru; uk ] of Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal unsuccessfully tried to obtain the title of grand prince of Vladimir, [14] and in 1371 it was awarded to Mikhail II of Tver. [14] But by that time it was too late for the Golden Horde to curb the rise of Muscovy. [15] Tokhtamysh allowed Vasily I of Moscow to succeed his father Dmitry Donskoy as grand prince of Vladimir in 1389. [16]

Yurievichi connection of Moscow, Novgorod-Suzdal, and Tver
Yaroslav II of Vladimir
G. P. of Vladimir (1238–1246)
Grandson of Yurievichi progenitor Yuri Dolgorukiy
Alexander Nevsky
Prince of Novgorod (~1246~1259)
G. P. of Vladimir (1252–1263)		 Andrey II of Vladimir
Prince of Suzdal (1256–1264)
G. P. of Vladimir (1249–1252)		 Yaroslav of Tver
Prince of Tver (1247–1271)
G. P. of Vladimir (1263–1271)
Daniel of Moscow
Prince of Moscow (1283–1303)
Daniilovichi progenitor		Konstantin of Suzdal
Prince of Nizhny
Novgorod-Suzdal (1341–1355)		 Mikhail of Tver
Prince of Tver (1285–1318)
G. P. of Vladimir (1304–1318)

List

MonarchRegnal nameLifespanRelationship with predecessor(s)Reigned fromReigned until
Andrey Bogolyubsky Andrey I1110–1174Son of Yuri Dolgorukiy 15 May 115728 June 1174 [17]
Mikhail of Vladimir Mikhail I?–1176Brother of Andrey Bogolyubsky 1174September 1174
Yaropolk Rostislavich Yaropolk?–after 1196Grandson of Vladimir II Monomakh 117415 June 1175
Mikhail of Vladimir (again)Mikhail I?–1176Brother of Andrei Bogolyubsky 15 June 117520 June 1176
Vsevolod the Big Nest
first to be called "grand prince" from 1186 onwards [2] 		Vsevolod III1154–1212Brother of Andrei Bogolyubsky
Brother of Mikhail of Vladimir 		June 117615 April 1212
Yuri II of Vladimir Yuri II1189–1238Son of Vsevolod the Big Nest 121227 April 1216
Konstantin of Rostov Konstantin1186–1218Son of Vsevolod the Big Nest Spring 12162 February 1218
Yuri II of Vladimir (again)Yuri II1189–1238Son of Vsevolod the Big Nest February 12184 March 1238
Yaroslav II of Vladimir Yaroslav II1191–1238Son of Vsevolod the Big Nest 123830 September 1246
Sviatoslav III of Vladimir Sviatoslav III1196–3 February 1252Son of Vsevolod the Big Nest 12461248
Mikhail Khorobrit Mikhail?1229–15 January 1248Son of Yaroslav II of Vladimir 124815 January 1248
Sviatoslav III of Vladimir (again)Sviatoslav III1196– 3 February 1252Son of Vsevolod the Big Nest 12481249
Andrey II of Vladimir Andrey II1221–1264Son of Yaroslav II of Vladimir December 124924 July 1252
Alexander Nevsky Alexander I1220–1263Son of Yaroslav II of Vladimir 125214 November 1263
Yaroslav of Tver Yaroslav III1230–1272Son of Yaroslav II of Vladimir 12641271
Vasily of Kostroma Vasily1241–1276Son of Yaroslav II of Vladimir 1272January 1276
Dmitry of Pereslavl Dmitry?1250–1294Son of Alexander Nevsky 12761281
Andrey of Gorodets Andrey III1255–1304Son of Alexander Nevsky 1281December 1283
Dmitry of Pereslavl (again)Dmitry?1250–1294Son of Alexander Nevsky December 12831293
Andrey of Gorodets (again)Andrey III1255–1304Son of Alexander Nevsky 12931304
Mikhail of Tver Mikhail?1271–1318Son of Yaroslav of Tver Autumn 130422 November 1318
Yuri of Moscow Yuri III1281–1325Grandson of Alexander Nevsky 13182 November 1322
Dmitry of Tver the Fearsome EyesDmitry I1299–1326Son of Mikhail of Tver 132215 September 1326
Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver Alexander II1281–1339Son of Mikhail of Tver 13261327
Alexander of Suzdal  [ uk; ru ]Alexander IIIc. 1300–1331Grandson of Andrey II of Vladimir 13281331
Ivan I of Moscow KalitaIvan I1288–1340Grandson of Alexander Nevsky 133231 March 1340
Simeon of Moscow Simeon1317–1353Son of Ivan I of Moscow 13401353
Ivan II of Moscow Ivan II1326–1359Son of Ivan I of Moscow 13531359
Dmitry of Suzdal Dmitry?1323–1383Great-grandson of Andrey of Gorodets 13591362
Dmitry Donskoy Dmitry?1350–1389Son of Ivan II of Moscow 13621371
Mikhail II of Tver Mikhail?1333–1399Son of Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver 13711375
Dmitry Donskoy (again)Dmitry?1350–1389Son of Ivan II of Moscow 13751389

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ During the 14th century, "political history is dominated by the vicious struggle between Moscow and Tver' for supremacy in Vladimir-Suzdalia. In the drive for power, both states had to address Sarai, for the Golden Horde had the uncontested prerogative of determining succession to the symbolic throne of the grand prince of Vladimir. In this new political climate, the Mongols abandoned the now obsolete policy of respecting the traditional Russian lines of succession." [10]

References

  1. 1 2 Timberlake 2000, p. 240.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Timberlake 2000, p. 241.
  3. ↑ Martin 2007, p. 164.
  4. ↑ Fennell, John (13 October 2014). The Crisis of Medieval Russia 1200-1304. Routledge. p. 164. ISBN   978-1-317-87314-3.
  5. ↑ Halperin 1987, p. 68–72, 118, 156.
  6. ↑ Halperin 1987, p. 59, 69, 79, 109.
  7. 1 2 Martin 2007, p. 190.
  8. ↑ Martin 2007, p. 92.
  9. ↑ Halperin 1987, p. 117.
  10. ↑ Halperin 1987, p. 68, 71.
  11. ↑ Halperin 1987, p. 71–72.
  12. ↑ Halperin 1987, p. 99–100, 109.
  13. ↑ Halperin 1987, p. 99–100.
  14. 1 2 Halperin 1987, p. 68.
  15. ↑ Halperin 1987, p. 100, 109.
  16. ↑ Halperin 1987, p. 75.
  17. ↑ Martin 2007, p. 112.

Bibliography

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