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State of Guanabara | |||||||||
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State of the Fourth Brazilian Republic, and the Federative Republic of Brazil | |||||||||
1960–1975 | |||||||||
![]() The location of the State of Guanabara, within modern State of Rio de Janeiro | |||||||||
Capital | Rio de Janeiro | ||||||||
Area | |||||||||
• 1975 | 1,356 km2 (524 sq mi) | ||||||||
Population | |||||||||
• 1975 | 4,858,000 | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
Government | |||||||||
Governor | |||||||||
• 1960 (first) | José Sette Câmara Filho | ||||||||
• 1971–1975 (last) | Chagas Freitas | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Replacement of the Federal District of Brazil | 1960 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1975 | ||||||||
Contained within | |||||||||
• Country | ![]() ![]() | ||||||||
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The State of Guanabara (Portuguese : Estado da Guanabara, IPA: [ɡwɐnaˈbaɾɐ] ) was a state of Brazil from 1960 to 1975, which included the city of Rio de Janeiro. It was named after Guanabara Bay to the east of the state. [1] It was created from the territory of the old Federal District when the federal capital moved from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília and a new Federal District was erected around the new capital. In 1975 the State of Guanabara was merged with the surrounding State of Rio de Janeiro, within which its territory became the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro.
In 1834, the city of Rio de Janeiro was elevated to Imperial capital of the Empire of Brazil, and was included in the Neutral Municipality (Portuguese : Município Neutro). The surrounding Province of Rio de Janeiro (which did not include the city) had its capital city in Niterói. When Brazil became a republic in 1889, the city of Rio de Janeiro remained the national capital, and the territory of the Neutral Municipality became the Federal District (Portuguese : Distrito Federal), while the surrounding homonymous province became a state, still with Niterói as its capital.
In 1960 the Fourth Brazilian Republic moved the national capital to Brasília and a new Federal District was created for it. The old Federal District became a state, named Guanabara. [1]
Throughout its 15-year existence, Guanabara was a unique state in many ways. Comprising only one city (albeit a large one), Guanabara was the smallest Brazilian state by land. It also had the peculiarity of being the only Brazilian state that was not divided into municipalities. There was no mayor, municipal legislature or any other municipal government institution there, as the city of Rio de Janeiro was directly administered by the state government of Guanabara. On the other hand, that also meant that the Guanabara state government had some functions that were normally assigned to municipalities elsewhere, such as regulating urban zoning, inspecting the safety of buildings, or issuing licenses for commercial venues, for example.
All the characteristics disappeared in 1975, when the military dictatorship merged the state of Guanabara into the state of Rio de Janeiro. (Legally, the merger dissolved both Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro, creating a new state, also named Rio de Janeiro.) The capital of the reconstituted state of Rio de Janeiro was changed from Niterói back to the city of Rio de Janeiro, as had been the case until 1834.
In gubernatorial elections held on 3 October 1965, Francisco Negrão de Lima , a candidate supported by a coalition formed by PTB and PSD and a close associate of former President Juscelino Kubitschek, won the race to be the state's governor, garnering 52% of the votes cast. [2]
Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a beta global city, Rio de Janeiro is the sixth-most populous city in the Americas. Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named "Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea", on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape.
The Federal District is one of 27 federative units of Brazil. Located in the Center-West Region, it is the smallest Brazilian federal unit and the only one that has no municipalities, being divided into 31 administrative regions. The federal capital of Brazil, Brasília, which is also the seat of government of the Federal District, is located in its territory.
The federative units of Brazil are subnational entities with a certain degree of autonomy and endowed with their own government and constitution, which together form the Federative Republic of Brazil. There are 26 states and one federal district. The states are generally based on historical, conventional borders which have developed over time. The states are divided into municipalities, while the Federal District assumes the competences of both a state and a municipality.
Rio de Janeiro is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo. The state, which has 8.2% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 9.2% of the Brazilian GDP.
Niterói is a municipality of the state of Rio de Janeiro in the southeast region of Brazil. It lies across Guanabara Bay facing the city of Rio de Janeiro and forms part of the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area. It was the state capital, as marked by its golden mural crown, from 1834 to 1894 and again from 1903 to 1975. It has an estimated population of 515,317 inhabitants (2020) and an area of 129.375 km2 (49.952 sq mi), making it the fifth most populous city in the state. It has the highest Human Development Index of the state and the seventh highest among Brazil's municipalities in 2010. Individually, it is the second municipality with the highest average monthly household income per capita in Brazil and appears in 13th place among the municipalities of the country according to social indicators related to education. The city has the nicknames of Nikiti, Nicki City and the Smile City (Cidade Sorriso).
This is a list of governors of the Federal District, Brazil. The Federal District is one of 27 federative units of Brazil. In its territory is located the federal capital, Brasília, in the interior of the country. Prior to 1960, the former Federal District in its territory had located the city of Rio de Janeiro; when the federal capital was relocated to Brasília, the former federal district became Guanabara State, which after 15 years of autonomy, was merged with Rio de Janeiro State in 1975.
A capital district, capital region or capital territory is normally a specially designated administrative division where a country's seat of government is located. As such, in a federal model of government, no state or territory has any political or economic advantage relative to the others because of the national capital lying within its borders. A capital territory can be a specific form of federal district.
The Campeonato Fluminense was the football league of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during the period when the Guanabara state and the Rio de Janeiro state where two separated states.
A merger, consolidation or amalgamation, in a political or administrative sense, is the combination of two or more political or administrative entities, such as municipalities, counties, districts, etc., into a single entity. This term is used when the process occurs within a sovereign entity.
Itaboraí is a city in the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, that belongs to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. It was founded in 1672. In 2020, it had a population of 242,543.
São Gonçalo is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. It is on northeastern Guanabara Bay in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area. It is the 16th most populous city in Brazil.
The Palácio Laranjeiras is the official residence of the Governor of the State of the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The Campeonato Brasileiro de Seleções Estaduais was a Brazilian football tournament contested by state teams. It was Brazil's most important football competition until the 1950s. Its last edition was played in 1987, when the CBF tried to revive the competition.
The provinces of Brazil were the primary subdivisions of the country during the period of the Empire of Brazil.
The Neutral Municipality, more formally known in the imperial era as the Neutral Municipality of the Court (, in reference to the Imperial Court, was an administrative unit created in the Empire of Brazil, that existed in the territory corresponding to the current location of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro between August 12, 1834 and November 15, 1889, when was proclaimed the republic in Brazil. It only officially ceased to exist with the promulgation of the 1891 Constitution. Under the republican constitution, this administrative unit became the Federal District in 1891, which was abolished and transformed into the state of Guanabara in 1960, and later, with the fusion of this with the state of Rio de Janeiro in 1975.
The Industry Federation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FIRJAN) is a Brazilian industrial federation from the state of Rio de Janeiro that acts as a representative of the state's industries at municipal, state and national levels. The organization, one of the five that comprehend the FIRJAN System, also promotes debates and produces researches, studies and projects aiming Rio de Janeiro's sustainable development. The provision of services to companies affiliated to it targets the industrial, social and economic growth of Rio de Janeiro state.
The Federal District was an administrative division of Brazil created by the Brazilian Constitution of 1891. During the Empire of Brazil the administrative unit that corresponded to this territory was designated the Neutral Municipality. It was a legal entity under public law until 1960, in the territory corresponding to the current municipality of Rio de Janeiro.
The Guanabara Palace is located on Pinheiro Machado Street, in the Laranjeiras neighborhood (bairro), in the south zone of Rio de Janeiro, capital of the homonymous state. It is the official seat of the government of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The Guanabara Palace should not be confused with Laranjeiras Palace, located in the same neighborhood, which is the official residence of the Governor of the State of Rio de Janeiro.
The Tiradentes Palace, was inaugurated on 6 May 1926 and is located in the Centro neighborhood (bairro), next to the Paço Imperial in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was the former seat of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil, between 1926 and 1960, and is the current seat of the Legislative Assembly of the State of Rio de Janeiro.