A naval mine is a self-contained explosive device placed in water to damage or destroy surface ships or submarines. Unlike depth charges,mines are deposited and left to wait until they are triggered by the approach of,or contact with,any vessel. Naval mines can be used offensively,to hamper enemy shipping movements or lock vessels into a harbour;or defensively,to protect friendly vessels and create "safe" zones. Mines allow the minelaying force commander to concentrate warships or defensive assets in mine-free areas giving the adversary three choices:undertake an expensive and time-consuming minesweeping effort,accept the casualties of challenging the minefield,or use the unmined waters where the greatest concentration of enemy firepower will be encountered.
The Grand Canal,known to the Chinese as the Jing–Hang Grand Canal,a UNESCO World Heritage Site,is the longest canal or artificial river in the world. Starting in Beijing,it passes through Tianjin and the provinces of Hebei,Shandong,Jiangsu,and Zhejiang to the city of Hangzhou,linking the Yellow River and Yangtze River. The oldest parts of the canal date back to the 5th century BCE,but the various sections were first connected during the Sui dynasty. Dynasties in 1271–1633 significantly restored and rebuilt the canal and altered its route to supply their capital. The Grand Canal played a huge role in reunifying north and south China. The canal was built by conscripted laborers and connected the Yellow River in the north with the Yangtze River in the south,which made it much easier to transport grain from the south to the centers of political and military power in north China.
Tianjin,alternately romanized as Tientsin,is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China,with a total population estimated at 15,621,200 in 2016. Its built-up area,made up of 12 central districts,was home to 12,491,300 inhabitants in 2016 and is also the world's 29th-largest agglomeration and 11th-most populous city proper.
The United States Government Publishing Office is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States federal government. The office produces and distributes information products and services for all three branches of the Federal Government,including U.S. passports for the Department of State as well as the official publications of the Supreme Court,the Congress,the Executive Office of the President,executive departments,and independent agencies.
Beijing is a municipality located in North China at the northern tip of the North China Plain,near the meeting point of the Xishan and Yanshan mountain ranges. The city itself lies on flat land that opens to the east and south. The municipality's outlying districts and counties extend into the mountains that surround the city from the southwest to the northeast. The highest peaks are over 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
The China Relief Expedition was an expedition in China undertaken by the United States Armed Forces to rescue United States citizens,European nationals,and other foreign nationals during the latter years of the Boxer Rebellion,which lasted from 1898 to 1901. The China Relief Expedition was part of a multi-national military effort known as the Eight-Nation Alliance to which the United States contributed troops between 1900 and 1901. Towards the close of the expedition,the focus shifted from rescuing non-combatants to suppressing the rebellion. By 1902,at least in the city of Peking,the Boxer Rebellion had been effectively controlled.
Adna Romanza Chaffee was a lieutenant general in the United States Army. Chaffee took part in the American Civil War and Indian Wars,played a key role in the Spanish–American War,and fought in the Boxer Rebellion in China. He was the Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1904 to 1906,overseeing far-reaching transformation of organization and doctrine in the army.
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Edward Hobart Seymour,was a Royal Navy officer. As a junior officer he served in the Black Sea during the Crimean War. He then took part in the sinking of the war-junks,the Battle of Canton and the Battle of Taku Forts during the Second Opium War and then saw action again at the Battle of Cixi during the Taiping Rebellion.
Adna Romanza Chaffee Jr. was an officer in the United States Army,called the "Father of the Armored Force" for his role in developing the U.S. Army's tank forces.
The Taku Forts or Dagu Forts,also called the Peiho Forts are forts located by the Hai River estuary in the Binhai New Area,Tianjin,in northeastern China. They are located 60 km (37 mi) southeast of the Tianjin urban center.
The Eight-Nation Alliance was a multinational military coalition that invaded northern China in 1900 with the stated aim of relieving the foreign legations in Beijing,then besieged by the popular Boxer militia,who were determined to expunge foreign influence from China. The Allied forces consisted of about 45,000 troops from the eight nations of Germany,Japan,Russia,Britain,France,the United States,Italy,and Austria-Hungary. Neither the Chinese nor the foreign allies issued a formal declaration of war. No treaty or formal agreement bound the Alliance together. Some western historians define the first phase of hostilities,starting in August 1900,as "more or less a civil war",though the Battle of the Taku Forts in June pushed the Qing government to support the Boxers. With the success of the invasion,the later stages developed into a punitive expedition,which pillaged Beijing and North China for more than a year. The fighting ended in 1901 with the signing of the Boxer Protocol.
Quảng Ninh is a province along the northeastern coast of Vietnam. It is about 153 km (95 mi) east of Hanoi,comprising four cities,two district-level towns and seven rural districts. The province is home to HạLong Bay,a World Heritage Site. The provincial capital is HạLong. The province covers an area of 6178.21 square kilometres and as of 2019 it had a population of 1,320,324. Nearly 80% of the province is mountainous with abundant land,forest water and mineral resources. Nearly 90% of coal output in the country is extracted in this province. HạLong Bay has 1,969 islands,out of which 989 have been given names.
The Battle of Taku or Dagu Forts was a short engagement during the Boxer Rebellion between the Chinese Qing dynasty military and forces belonging to Eight Nation Alliance in June 1900. Western and Japanese naval forces captured the Taku forts after a brief but bloody battle with units of the Qing dynasty. Their loss prompted the Qing government to side with the Boxers while the Chinese army was ordered to resist all foreign military forces within Chinese territory. Allied powers remained in control of the forts until the end of the Boxer Rebellion in September 1901.
The Bohai Economic Rim (BER) or Bohai Bay Economic Rim (BBER) is the economic region surrounding Tianjin (Tientsin). It also includes areas in Hebei,Liaoning and Shandong surrounding the Bohai Sea. This region has undergone major economic and infrastructural changes and is an emerging economic powerhouse of North China,rivaling both the Pearl River Delta in southern China and the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China.
The Second Battle of Taku Forts was a failed Anglo-French attempt to seize the Taku Forts along the Hai River in Tianjin,China,in June 1859 during the Second Opium War. A chartered American steamship arrived on scene and assisted the French and British in their attempted suppression of the forts.
The Battle of Yangcun was a battle during the march of Eight-Nation Alliance forces from Tianjin to Beijing during the Boxer Rebellion. The Alliance forces defeated the Qing and were able to continue their march towards Peking.
The Battle of Beicang known also as the Battle of Peitsang,was fought August 5,1900 during the Boxer Rebellion,between the Eight Nation Alliance and the Chinese army. The Chinese army was forced out of its prepared entrenchments and retreated to Yangcun. The Japanese contingent led the Alliance attack;with contingents also being present from Russia,Britain,America and France.
The Battle of Langfang was a battle in the Seymour Expedition during the Boxer Rebellion,in June 1900,involving Chinese imperial troops,the Chinese Muslim Kansu Braves and Boxers ambushing and defeating the Eight-Nation Alliance expeditionary army on its way to Beijing,pushing the Alliance forces to retreat back to Tientsin (Tianjin). The Alliance force at Langfang consisted of Germans.
1901 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in 1901
The Ziya River is one of the five major tributaries of Hai River system in northern China. The total length of Ziya River is 730 km (450 mi) and the size of its drainage basin is 78,700 square kilometers (30,400 sq mi). The discharge rate of Ziya River is about 1 m3/s.
