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The Hill committees are the common name for the political party committees that work to elect members of their own party to United States Congress ("Hill" refers to Capitol Hill, where the seat of Congress, the Capitol, is located). The four major committees are part of the Democratic and Republican parties and each work to help members of their party get elected to each chamber (the House of Representatives and the Senate).
The four major committees are the:
Two third parties have Hill committees as well: The Libertarian National Congressional Committee (LNCC) for the Libertarian Party [1] and the Green Senatorial Campaign Committee (GSCC) for the Green Party of the United States. [2]
The goal of these committees is to maximize the number of seats under their party's control in a given chamber and to support incumbent members of their caucuses. To advance those goals, the committees spend the bulk of their resources on the closest, most competitive campaigns that are most likely to flip in party control. [3] Researcher Paul Herrnson called these competitive districts "opportunity races." In addition to opportunity, committees factor campaign and candidate quality, incumbency, and regional goals when weighing spending decisions. [4]
Each committee works to recruit, assist, and support candidates of their own party, for their own chamber, in targeted races around the country. The committees contribute directly to candidates' campaigns, while also providing campaign-related services that require specialized skills or expertise, like research or targeting. [3] Committees additionally make independent expenditures in support of candidates. [5]
Party committees act as hubs of information, sharing information, strategies, and tactics between connected organizations and allies. For example, party committees may share information about candidates in targeted elections in order to encourage members of the existing caucuses and allied organizations to endorse or donate to their campaign. [3]
Hill committee chairs of the major parties are historically incumbents of each body. As of 2023, the chairs of the DCCC and DSCC are appointed by the party leader, while the chairs of the NRCC and NRSC are voted on by their conference. [6] [7] [8] [9] Typically, they are proven fundraisers with national political ambitions. [6] [10] The committees are run on a day-to-day basis by a professional staff with campaign experience.
Party committees raise funds at the national level from donors whose focus is on Congress as a whole, rather than individual campaigns. The majority of funds for party committees is raised from individual donors. [11] Raising large contributions from national donors for their respective party committees is a major responsibility of House and Senate leadership. [12] [13] [14] [15] Party committees additionally raise money from small donors, usually defined as individuals contributing of less than $200, the point at which the FEC requires a donors full name to be listed on fundraising reports. [16] PACs, representing interest groups, industries, or businesses, also provide a major source of funds for party committees. [11]
Additionally, party committees rely on "dues" paid by existing members of each party's caucuses. [17] Candidates can make unlimited transfers from personal campaign committees to party organizations, as well as a maximum contribution from any leadership PAC account. In the 2006 election cycle, contributions from members of Congress campaign committees and leadership PACs accounted for 8% of receipts collected by Republican party committees and 11% of receipts by Democratic party committees. [3]
The Republican Liberty Caucus (RLC) is a political action organization dedicated to promoting the ideals of individual liberty, limited government and free market economics within the Republican Party in the United States. It is part of the libertarian wing of the Republican Party. It also operates a political action committee, the RLC-USA PAC.
The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC) is the Democratic Hill committee for the United States Senate. It is the only organization solely dedicated to electing Democrats to the United States Senate. The DSCC's current Chair is Senator Gary Peters of Michigan, who succeeded Nevada‘s Catherine Cortez Masto after the 2020 Senate elections. DSCC's current executive director is Christie Roberts.
The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) is the Democratic Hill committee for the United States House of Representatives, working to elect Democrats to that body. The DCCC recruits candidates, raises funds, and organizes races in districts that are expected to yield politically notable or close elections. The structure of the committee consists, essentially, of the Chairperson, their staff, and other Democratic members of Congress that serve in roles supporting the functions of the committee.
The National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) is the Republican Hill committee which works to elect Republicans to the United States House of Representatives.
The National Republican Senate Committee(NRSC) is the Republican Hill committee for the United States Senate, working to elect Republicans to that body. The NRSC was founded in 1916 as the Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee. It was reorganized in 1948 and renamed the National Republican Senatorial Committee.
In the United States, a political party committee is an organization, officially affiliated with a political party and registered with the Federal Elections Commission (FEC), which raises and spends money for political campaigning. Political party committees are distinct from political action committees, which are formally independent of political parties and subject to different rules.
U.S. Family Network, Inc. (USFN) was founded in 1996 by Ed Buckham, who also served as the organization's consultant. USFN was a tax-exempt 501(c)(4) corporation founded in Virginia, with its principal offices located in the District of Columbia in the same building as Buckham's consulting firm Alexander Strategy Group and Tom DeLay's political action committee Americans for a Republican Majority (ARMPAC). USFN received $500,000 from the NRCC and $1 million from lobbyist Jack Abramoff's Russian clients.
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The Green Senatorial Campaign Committee (GSCC), also known as the National Green Senatorial Campaign Committee (NGSCC), is a Green Party committee working to elect Greens to the United States Senate. The organization was formed during the 2006 election cycle, operating similarly to a political action committee. In September 2007, it applied to the Federal Election Commission to be formally recognized as a campaign committee, and the following year, their request was unanimously approved. This marked the first time a party other than the Democrats or Republicans have had a Senatorial Campaign Committee recognized by the FEC.
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Everett Clarke Tucker IV is an American attorney and Democratic politician from Central Arkansas. He served in the Arkansas House of Representatives from 2015 to 2019, and currently serves in the Arkansas Senate since January 2021. In 2018, he unsuccessfully challenged incumbent French Hill to represent Arkansas's 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives.
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