Hiroshima Domain 広島藩 Hiroshima-han | |
---|---|
Domain of Japan | |
1601–1871 | |
Reconstructed Hiroshima Castle in Hiroshima | |
Capital | Hiroshima Castle |
Area | |
• Coordinates | 34°24′10″N132°27′33″E / 34.40278°N 132.45917°E |
Government | |
Daimyō | |
• 1591–1600 | Mōri Terumoto (first) |
• 1869–1871 | Asano Nagakoto (last) |
Historical era | Edo period |
• Established | 1601 |
1871 | |
Contained within | |
• Province | Aki, Bingo |
Today part of | Hiroshima Prefecture |
The Hiroshima Domain (広島藩, Hiroshima-han) was a large domain that owned all of Aki Province and half of Bingo Province. It occupies most of current Hiroshima Prefecture. The domain office was located at Hiroshima Castle in Sato District, Aki Province (renamed Numata District in 1664), Hiroshima (present-day Motomachi, Naka Ward, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Prefecture). It is often called Geishu Domain (or Aki Domain). [1]
The Hiroshima Domain was based at Hiroshima Castle in Aki Province, in the modern city of Hiroshima, located in the Chūgoku region of the island of Honshu. The Hiroshima Domain was ruled for most of its existence by the daimyō of the Asano clan and encompassed Aki Province and parts of Bingo Province with a Kokudaka system value of 426,500 koku . The Hiroshima Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 by the Meiji government and its territory was absorbed into Hiroshima Prefecture. [2]
During the Kamakura period, Mori Tsunemitsu granted his fourth son, Mori Tokichika, Yoshidanosho in Aki Province. Tokichika's descendants remained in Echigo while ruling indirectly over the territory of Aki. However, during the Northern and Southern Courts period, Mori Tokichika's great-grandson Mori Motoharu moved to Aki and directly ruled over the territory at Koriyama Castle. The Mori clan grew in power and became a prominent feudal lord in Aki Province during the Muromachi period. In the Sengoku period, they defeated various clans, including the Takeda and Ouchi clans, and established their dominance over the Chugoku region. Hiroshima Castle was built in 1591 and became the Mori clan's residence, making Hiroshima the political and economic center. However, in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Mori Terumoto, the clan's leader, was defeated, and their territory was significantly reduced.
Fukushima Masanori became the satrap of Aki and Bingo, succeeding the Mori clan. He re-evaluated the land and obtained a larger territory. Masanori implemented changes in the military and education systems, but compromises were made in Aki due to the influence of local feudal lords. The Sengoku period saw the development of castle towns and domestic industry in Hiroshima. However, in 1615, Aki Province was destroyed, Hiroshima Castle was demolished, and only Kannabe Castle remained in Bingo Province. The Mizuno family destroyed Hiroshima Castle and moved to Fukuyama Castle. Mihara Fortress had been abandoned, but the Fukushima family secretly relocated a turret from the destroyed Tomo Castle. In 1619, Masanori was found guilty of unauthorized renovations to Hiroshima Castle and his territory was significantly reduced. He was transferred to the Kawanakajima Domain.
In 1589, Hiroshima Castle was commissioned by Mōri Terumoto, head of the powerful Mōri clan and a member of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's Council of Five Elders. In 1591, Terumoto relocated to Hiroshima while it was still under construction, using it as his base to rule his domain covering most of the Chūgoku region. Following the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, the Mōri were forced out of Hiroshima by Tokugawa Ieyasu and relocated their base to Hagi Castle, losing most of their eastern territories. The Hiroshima han (domain) was subsequently established with Fukushima Masanori as its daimyō (feudal lord), covering Aki Province and parts of neighboring Bingo Province. However, nineteen years later, Hiroshima Castle suffered extensive flood damage and Fukushima repaired it in violation of the Tokugawa shogunate's laws on the construction and repair of castles (see buke shohatto ). The shogunate then ordered Fukushima to Kawanakajima Domain, and awarded Hiroshima to the Asano clan, who ruled it for the remainder of the Edo period. Under the Tokugawa Kokudaka system for domains the Hiroshima Domain was assessed at 426,500 koku , the sixth-largest domain in Japan, excepting those held by the Tokugawa-Matsudaira dynasty.
Asano Nagaaki, the second son of Asano Nagamasa, who served as Gobugyo under the Toyotomi administration, became the feudal lord of Aki and eight districts of Bingo from the Kishu Domain. Despite being smaller than the Fukushima territory, it gained approval from the shogunate with a detection level of 426,000 koku. Hiroshima benefited from excellent maritime transport through the Seto Inland Sea route with Osaka and established a monopoly on timber, iron, paper, and other goods from the early stages of its establishment. Additionally, it made significant profits by skillfully manipulating rice market prices and purchasing rice from other domains at low prices.
Chosei followed the policies of the Fukushima clan era while simultaneously adopting a strict approach towards local clans in order to modernize the governing structure. Mitsunori, the second lord of the domain and Nagaaki's second son, was the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. With permission from the shogunate, Mitsunori distributed 50,000 koku to his illegitimate brother, Nagaharu Asano, establishing the Miyoshi domain as a branch domain. Mitsunori focused on improving the roads and was granted permission to use the surname Matsudaira.
The third lord of the domain, Asano Tsunaaki, who was Mitsuaki's eldest son, had Kujo Michifusa's daughter as his legal wife and successor wife. Michifusa's mother was Toyotomi Kanshi, the daughter of Toyotomi Hidekatsu. As a result, the Asano clan inherited the bloodline of the Toyotomi clan through the female line.
After the death of the 14th shogun, Tokugawa Iemochi, and the defeat of the shogunate army in the Second Long March, the Hiroshima domain gradually aligned itself with the Choshu Domain. In 1867, they formed an alliance with the Choshu and Satsuma clans to overthrow the Shogunate. However, their plea to restore imperial rule to the 15th Shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, was seen as opportunistic, leading to mistrust and their removal from the mainstream of the Meiji Restoration. Despite this, the Hiroshima Domain joined the government army and fought in the Boshin War.
In 1869, the 12th lord of the domain, Asano Nagakoto, became the governor of the Hiroshima Domain after the restoration of land ownership. The domain reported a total debt of 3,742,290 ryo to the Meiji government in the same year. In 1871, the Hiroshima Domain was abolished and became Hiroshima Prefecture, along with the establishment of prefectures nationwide. Reports indicated that there were over 830,000 ryo of uncollected domain bills, which were to be exchanged by the Meiji government, after the abolition of domains and the establishment of prefectures.
The Hiroshimashinden Domain (広島新田藩), founded in the 1730s by Asano Nagakata, member of the Asano clan, received 30,000 koku of rice. Governed by daimyo Edo Sadafu, the main family lived in Edo. In 1864, the Hiroshimashinden Domain established a Yoshida Jinya in Yoshida, now Akitakada City. By 1869, it was absorbed into the Hiroshima Domain, ending the Hiroshimashinden Domain.
# | Name [3] | Tenure | Courtesy title | Court Rank | kokudaka | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mōri clan, 1591 - 1600 ( Tozama daimyo ) | ||||||
1 | Mōri Terumoto (毛利輝元) | 1591 - 1600 | Uemonokan (大輔 宮内) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 1,120,000 koku | |
Fukushima clan, 1600 - 1619 ( Tozama daimyo ) | ||||||
1 | Fukushima Masanori (福島 正則) | 1600 - 1619 | Saemon Daibu (左衛門 だいぶ) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 498,223 koku | |
Asano clan, 1619 - 1871 ( Tozama daimyo ) | ||||||
1 | Asano Nagaakira (浅野長晟) | 1619 - 1632 | Tajima no kami (田島の髪) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 426,550 koku | |
2 | Asano Mitsuakira (浅野光晟) | 1632 - 1672 | Kii no kami, Aki no kami (きいの髪、秋の髪) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 426,550 koku | |
3 | Asano Tsunaakira (浅野綱晟) | 1672 - 1673 | Danjo Daisuke (男女ダイスk) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 426,550 koku | |
4 | Asano Tsunanaga (浅野綱長) | 1673 - 1708 | Aki no kami (秋の髪) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 426,550 koku | |
5 | Asano Yoshinaga (浅野吉長) | 1708 - 1752 | Shimoaki no kami (下秋の髪) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 426,550 koku | |
6 | Asano Munetsune (浅野宗恒) | 1752 – 1763 | Ise no kami, Aki no kami, Gyobu Daisuke, Tajima no kami (伊勢の髪、秋の髪、魚部大輔、 但馬の髪) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 426,550 koku | |
7 | Asano Shigeakira (浅野重晟) | 1763 – 1799 | Aki no kami (秋の髪) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 426,550 koku | |
8 | Asano Narikata (浅野斉賢) | 1799 - 1830 | Aki no kami (秋の髪) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 426,550 koku | |
9 | Asano Naritaka (浅野斉粛) | 1830 - 1858 | Aki no kami (秋の髪) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 426,550 koku | |
10 | Asano Yoshiteru (浅野慶熾) | 1858 | Aki no kami (秋の髪) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 426,550 koku | |
11 | Asano Nagamichi (浅野茂長) | 1858 - 1869 | Aki no kami (秋の髪) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 426,550 koku | |
12 | Asano Nagakoto (浅野茂勲) | 1869 - 1871 | None (なし) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 426,550 koku | |
# | Name | Tenure | Courtesy title | Court Rank | kokudaka | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asano clan, 1730 - 1869 ( fudai daimyo ) | ||||||
1 | Asano Nagakata (浅野長賢) | 1730 - 1744 | Hyobu Shosuke, Miyauchi Shosuke (兵部少輔、宮内少輔) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 30,000 koku | |
2 | Asano Nagataka (浅野長喬) | 1744 - 1769 | Hyobu Shosuke (兵部少輔) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 30,000 koku | |
3 | Asano Nagakazu (浅野長員) | 1769 - 1800 | Omi no kami (近江神) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 30,000 koku | |
4 | Asano Nagahiro (浅野長容) | 1800 - 1824 | Omi no kami (近江神) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 30,000 koku | |
5 | Asano Nagamichi (浅野長訓) | 1824 - 1858 | Mimasaka no kami, Omi no kami (美作神、近江神) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 30,000 koku | |
6 | Asano Nagakoto (浅野長勲) | 1858 - 1862 | Kii no kami (紀伊守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 30,000 koku | |
7 | Asano Nagaatsu (浅野長厚) | 1862 - 1869 | Omi no kami (近江神) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 30,000 koku | |
*The years listed are those in which the lord occupied Hiroshima castle, not the years of his life.**All of the lords after Asano Nagaakira enjoyed the same 426,500 koku.
The following a simplified family tree of the Asano lords. [4] [5]
The Battle of Sekigahara, was a historical battle in Japan which occurred on October 21, 1600 in what is now Gifu Prefecture, Japan, at the end of the Sengoku period.
Aki Province or Geishū (藝州/芸州) was a province in the Chūgoku Region of western Honshū, comprising the western part of what is today Hiroshima Prefecture.
The Mōri clan was a Japanese samurai clan descended from Ōe no Hiromoto. Ōe no Hiromoto was descended from the Fujiwara clan. The family's most illustrious member, Mōri Motonari, greatly expanded the clan's power in Aki Province. During the Edo period his descendants became daimyō of the Chōshū Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate. After the Meiji Restoration with the abolition of the han system and daimyō, the Mōri clan became part of the new nobility.
Fukushima Masanori was a Japanese daimyō of the late Sengoku period to early Edo period who served as lord of the Hiroshima Domain. A retainer of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, he fought in the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583, and soon became known as one of Seven Spears of Shizugatake which also included Katō Kiyomasa and others.
Hiroshima Castle, sometimes called Carp Castle, is a castle in Hiroshima, Japan that was the residence of the daimyō of the Hiroshima Domain. The castle was originally constructed in the 1590s, but was largely destroyed by the atomic bombing on August 6, 1945. The main keep was rebuilt in 1958, a replica of the original that now serves as a museum of Hiroshima's history before World War II, and other castle buildings have been reconstructed since.
The Chōshū Domain, also known as the Hagi Domain, was a domain (han) of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1871.
Tokushima Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, controlling all of Awa Province and Awaji Province in what is now Tokushima Prefecture and Awaji Island of modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture. It was centered around Tokushima Castle, and was ruled throughout its history by the tozama daimyō Hachisuka clan.
Fukuyama Castle, sometimes called Hisamatsu Castle or Iyō Castle was the castle of the Bingo-Fukuyama Han during the Edo period of Japanese history. The grounds of the castle have been designate a National Historic Site since 1964. The castle is located in Fukuyama Park in Fukuyama, Hiroshima near Fukuyama Station.
Yonezawa Domain was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Dewa Province, Japan. It was centered at Yonezawa castle in what is now the city of Yonezawa, and its territory extended over the Okitama District of Dewa Province, in what is today southeastern Yamagata Prefecture. It was ruled throughout its history by the Uesugi clan, as tozama daimyō, with an initial income of 300,000 koku, which later fell to 150,000–180,000. The Uesugi were ranked as a province-holding daimyō and as such, had the privilege of shogunal audiences in the Great Hall (Ōhiroma) of Edo Castle.
The Owari-Han, also known as the Owari Domain, was a significant feudal domain in Japan during the Edo period. Situated in the western region of what is now Aichi Prefecture, it covered portions of Owari, Mino, and Shinano provinces, with its central administration based at Nagoya Castle. At its zenith, the Owari Domain boasted an impressive rating of 619,500 koku, making it the largest landholding of the Tokugawa clan outside of the shogunal territories. The ruling clan of the Owari Domain was the Tokugawa clan, holding the prestigious position of the highest rank among the gosanke. Additionally, the domain was sometimes referred to as the Nagoya Domain due to its association with Nagoya Castle.
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Kubota Domain was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Dewa Province, Japan. It was centered on Kubota Castle in what is now the city of Akita and was thus also known as the Akita Domain. It was governed for the whole of its history by the Satake clan. During its rule over Kubota, the Satake clan was ranked as a Province-holding daimyō family, and as such, had the privilege of shogunal audiences in the Great Hall (Ohiroma) of Edo Castle.
The Kishū Domain, also referred to as Kii Domain or Wakayama Domain, was a feudal domain in Kii Province, Japan. This domain encompassed regions in present-day Wakayama and southern Mie prefectures and had a substantial income of 555,000 koku. The administrative center of the domain was located at Wakayama Castle, which is situated in present-day Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture.
Ōmizo Domain was a tozama feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It was located in northwestern Ōmi Province, in the Kansai region of central Honshu. The domain was centered at Ōmizo jin'ya, located in what is now the city of Takashima in Shiga Prefecture.
Kokura Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now eastern Fukuoka Prefecture. It was centered around Kokura Castle in what is now Kitakyushu, Fukuoka and was ruled by the fudai daimyō Ogasawara clan for much of its history. In the Bakumatsu period and first years of the Meiji period, it was briefly known as Kawara Domain (香春藩) and then Toyotsu Domain (豊津藩).
Matsue Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now eastern Shimane Prefecture. It was centered around Matsue Castle and was ruled for most of its history by branch of the Matsudaira clan.
Tottori Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now Tottori Prefecture on the island of Honshu. It controlled all of Inaba Province and virtually all of Hōki Province was centered around Tottori Castle, and was ruled throughout its history by a branch of the Ikeda clan. Tottori Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 and is now part of Tottori Prefecture. Tottori Domain had two sub-domains, Shikano Domain (鹿奴藩) and Wakasa Domain (若桜藩). In addition, the two branches of the Arao clan, who served as hereditary karō of the clan and castellans of Yonago Castle and Kurayoshi Jin'ya both had kokudaka equivalents to that of daimyō.
Fukuyama Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now southeastern Hiroshima Prefecture. It controlled much of Bingo Province and a small portion of Bitchū Province. It was centered around Fukuyama Castle. It was ruled in its early history by a branch of the Mizuno clan, and later the Abe clan. Fukuyama Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 and is now part of Hiroshima Prefecture. It was called Bingo-Fukuyama Domain in the early Meiji period to distinguish it from Matsumae Domain, which was also popularly called "Fukuyama Domain" at the time.
Mihara Castle was a hirajiro-style Japanese castle located in what is today the city of Mihara in Hiroshima Prefecture. Its ruins have been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1957.
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