Hoylake

Hoylake
Hoylake beach, looking towards Hilbre Island
Hoylake Location within Merseyside
Population	5,710 (2001 census)
OS grid reference	SJ215888
•  London	183 mi (295 km) [1]   SE
Metropolitan borough	Wirral
Metropolitan county	Merseyside
Region	North West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	WIRRAL
Postcode district	CH47, CH48
Dialling code	0151
ISO 3166  code	GB-WRL
Police	Merseyside
Fire	Merseyside
Ambulance	North West
UK Parliament	Wirral West
List of places UK England Merseyside 53°23′24″N3°10′48″W / 53.390°N 3.180°W / 53.390; -3.180 Coordinates: 53°23′24″N3°10′48″W / 53.390°N 3.180°W / 53.390; -3.180

Hoylake is a seaside town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside, England. It is at the north west of the Wirral Peninsula, near West Kirby and where the River Dee meets the Irish Sea. ^[2] Historically part of Cheshire, the Domesday Book of 1086 recorded it within the Hundred of Wilaveston.

At the 2001 census, the population of Hoylake was 5,710 ^[3] of a total population of 13,042, as part of the Hoylake and Meols local government ward. ^[4] By the time of the 2011 census specific population figures for Hoylake were no longer maintained. The total population for the Hoylake and Meols Ward at this census was 13,348. ^[5]

History

In 1690, William III set sail from Hoylake, then known as Hyle or High-lake, ^{[6] [nb 1]} with a 10,000-strong army to Ireland, where his army was to take part in the Battle of the Boyne. The location of departure remains known as King's Gap. ^{[8] [ verification needed ]} The previous year a large force under Marshal Schomberg had also departed from Hoylake on 12 August, ^[9] crossing to Ireland to capture Carrickfergus.

The present day township grew up in the nineteenth century around the small fishing village of Hoose, ^[10] the name of which means "hollows". ^[11] The 1848 Topographical Dictionary of England described the inhabitants of Hoose as:

"...principally boatmen and fishermen, who have frequently evinced the greatest courage and alacrity in rescuing mariners from the horrors of shipwreck; large banks of sand, extending for miles on the northwest, being annually the scene of most fatal disasters to shipping." ^[12]

The name Hoylake was derived from Hoyle Lake, a channel of water between Hilbre Island and Dove Point. ^[13] Protected by a wide sandbank known as Hoyle Bank and with a water depth of about 20 feet, it provided a safe anchorage for ships too large to sail up the Dee to Chester. ^[14]

Civic history

The township of Hoose was part of the West Kirby Parish of the Wirral Hundred. It existed as a civil parish between 1866 and 1894 when it was merged into Hoylake and West Kirby civil parish. ^[15] Between 1894 and 1974 Hoylake was governed by its own urban district council. ^[16] On 1 April 1974, local government reorganisation in England and Wales resulted in most of the Wirral Peninsula, including Hoylake, transfer from the county of Cheshire to the nascent county of Merseyside.

The population of the town over time was measured at 60 in 1801, 589 in 1851 and 2,701 in 1901. ^[15] The total population of the Hoylake Urban District (which included West Kirby) was recorded as 19,745 in 1931. ^[16]

Landmarks

The Hoylake and West Kirby War Memorial is a notable local landmark, as it was designed in 1922 by the British sculptor Charles Sargeant Jagger who was responsible for a number of war memorials around the world, including the Royal Artillery Memorial at Hyde Park Corner in London.

The former Town Hall, on the corner of Albert Road and Market Street, is due to be converted to a new arts centre, known as The Beacon, with craft workshops, restaurant, and flats above. ^[17]

Kings Gap roundabout is home to a sculpture by Scottish sculptor David Annand. Called 'Knots', it consists of seabirds looping around four poles. It was commissioned by the council as part of the regeneration of Hoylake and was installed in June 2006 in time for the 2006 Open Championship. ^[18]

Lighthouses

Hoylake Lighthouse
High

The old upper lighthouse
Location	Hoylake Merseyside England
OS grid	SJ2146289004
Coordinates	53°23′32″N3°10′57″W / 53.392089°N 3.182614°W / 53.392089; -3.182614
Tower
Constructed	1764 (first)
Construction	brick tower
Height	17 metres (56 ft)
Shape	octagonal prism tower with balcony and lantern attached to 2-storey keeper's house
Markings	unpainted tower, black balcony, white lantern
Operator	private [19]
Heritage	Grade II listed building
Light
First lit	1865 (current)
Deactivated	1886
Lens	4th order fixed optic (azimuthal condensing)

To facilitate safe access into the Hoylake anchorage, two lighthouses were constructed in 1763, ^[20] at the initiative of William Hutchinson. ^[21] The lower light was a wooden structure that could be moved according to differing tides and shifting sands to remain aligned to the upper light, which was a permanent brick building. By the start of the 19th century each lighthouse was equipped with a single 3 ft-diameter reflector, ^[22] built to Hutchinson's design. ^[21]

Both of these structures were rebuilt a century later, ^[23] and in 1865 new lenses (a pair of fourth-order fixed optics) were designed and manufactured for the two towers by James Chance. ^[24] The upper lighthouse, consisting of an octagonal brick tower, last shone on 14 May 1886 and is now part of a private residence in Valentia Road. ^[23] The building was given Grade II listed status in 1988. ^[25] The lower lighthouse, closer to the shore in Alderley Road, was deactivated in 1908 ^[26] and demolished in 1922.

Former landmarks

The Royal Hotel was built by Sir John Stanley in 1792, with the intention of developing the area as a holiday resort. The numerous steam packet vessels sailing between Liverpool and North Wales which called at the hotel provided valuable patronage. By the mid-19th century a racecourse was laid out in the grounds of the hotel. The hotel building was demolished in the 1950s. ^[27]

Hoylake's lido, located on the promenade, was opened in June 1913 and rebuilt in the late 1920s. In 1976, the Hoylake Pool and Community Trust took over the running of the facility from Wirral Borough Council. ^[14] The baths finally closed in 1981. ^[28]

Geography

Hoylake is at the north-western corner of the Wirral Peninsula, and is situated on the eastern side of the mouth of the Dee Estuary and adjacent to the Irish Sea. Hoylake is approximately 11 km (6.8 mi) west-south-west of the River Mersey at New Brighton. The centre of Hoylake is situated at an elevation of about 9 m (30 ft) above sea level. ^[29]

To the west of the town at Hilbre Point is Red Rocks, a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest. The area is an exposed sandstone outcrop consisting of sand dunes, brackish marsh and reed beds. ^{[30] [31] [32]}

Governance

Hoylake is within the parliamentary constituency of Wirral West. The current Member of Parliament is Margaret Greenwood, a Labour representative.

At local government level, the town is incorporated into the Hoylake and Meols Ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, in the metropolitan county of Merseyside. It is represented on Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council by three councillors. ^[33] The most recent local elections took place on 6 May 2021.

Community

Hoylake Community Centre

Hoylake is a largely residential area and there is an active nightlife in the town centre, which is located at the original village of Hoose. ^[10]

The town supports a permanent lifeboat station, manned by the RNLI. Initially founded in 1803 by the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board, it is one of the oldest in the country. ^[34] In 2008, the RNLI began to raise £2 million for a new lifeboat station and new generation all-weather lifeboat, to facilitate a faster response time to emergencies and rescues in the Irish Sea and the rivers Dee and Mersey. The building was opened in November 2009. ^[35]

The Kings Gap conservation area has been designated by Wirral Borough Council. Bounded by the coastline and the Royal Liverpool Golf Club, it consists of large nineteenth and early twentieth century houses, Hoylake Lighthouse and St Hildeburgh's Church. ^[36]

Education

Hoylake includes the independent Kingsmead School, which educates girls and boys from 2 to 16 years old. Hoylake Holy Trinity C of E Primary School is the town's main primary school, educating children from the ages of 3 to 11.

Sport

Golf

The Royal Liverpool Golf Club

Hoylake is the home of the Royal Liverpool Golf Club, built in 1869 on the site of the Royal Hotel racecourse. ^[10] It is the second oldest golf links in England, predated only by the Royal North Devon Golf Club, in Westward Ho!, Devon. ^[37] It has hosted many major tournaments such as the Open Championship and the Walker Cup. The club is often referred to as "Hoylake". It hosted the Open again in July 2006, after a gap of almost 40 years, with Tiger Woods earning the Claret Jug for the second year in a row. The 2014 Open Championship is the most recent of the event to be held at Hoylake. This was won by Rory McIlroy. The Open is due to return to the course for the 13th time in 2023. ^[38]

Hoylake-born amateur golfer John Ball Jnr. won the Open in 1890, becoming the first Englishman to do so. Another local amateur, Harold Hilton became Open champion two years later. He won again in 1897 at his home club of Royal Liverpool.

On the other side of Meols Drive and the railway is Hoylake Municipal Golf course which is used by Hoylake Golf Club (since 1933), West Hoyle GC and Irby GC. It was used as the 2006 Open Championship practice course.

Rugby Union

Hoylake RFC rugby club was founded in 1922. They currently play in South Lancs/Cheshire Division One, the seventh tier of English rugby. Its predecessor, connected with the Royal Liverpool Golf Club, had been founded in the 1890s. British Open golf champion Harold Hilton was also captain of the rugby team for the 1890–91 season. ^[27]

Swimming

Hoylake ASC was founded in 1931. The club now trains at the West Kirby Concourse and the Calday Grange Swimming Pool.

Sailing

The sailing club on North Parade

Hoylake Sailing Club was founded in 1887 and has a clubhouse and boatyard on North Parade. The club hosts an annual regatta and sends a team to the Southport 24 Hour Race.

Sand yachting

Hoylake is one of the premier sites for sand yachting in Britain, ^[37] with banks around a quarter of a mile offshore. The town's beach was the venue for the European Sand Yacht Championships in 2007 and 2011 and hosted the 2017 event with Laytown & Bettystown, County Meath. ^{[39] [40]}

Cricket

Cricket was played at the now disused Ellerman Lines Cricket Ground from as early as the 1920s, when the then newly formed West Wirral Cricket Club played at the ground. It was later sold to Ellerman Lines, who transformed the site into their social club. Cheshire played minor counties cricket there from 1957 to 1968. The ground also held Cheshire's first ever appearance in List A cricket against Surrey in the first round of the 1964 Gillette Cup. ^[41]

The ground was later sold, with the site becoming a nightclub, before being demolished following a fire. In 2011 the site of the ground was selected for construction of 62 affordable homes. ^[42] Planning permission for this, and a revised plan for 26 properties, were refused. In 2020 a further planning proposal was submitted for 30 semi-detached bungalows and up to 61 assisted living retirement apartments. ^[43]

Transport

Hoylake and Manor Road railway stations serve the town. Both are on the West Kirby branch of Merseyrail's Wirral line.

Notable people

• Joshua Armitage, pen-name "Ionicus" (1913–1998), the "Punch" artist and designer of covers for Penguin's editions of P.G. Wodehouse. He was born in Hoylake, where he lived and worked all his life.
• Julian Budden, Italian opera scholar and BBC radio producer (1924–2007), born in Hoylake
• The former Olympic Games cyclist Chris Boardman (1968–), born in Hoylake
• Actor Daniel Craig (1968- ), grew up in Hoylake ^[44]
• Lieutenant Colonel Jack Armand Cunningham (1890–1966), the World War I flying ace. He retired to Hoylake and eventually died there.
• Author Helen Forrester (1919–2011), born in the town ^[45]
• Pianist Stephen Hough (1961–), grew up in Hoylake
• Pianist Stephen Coombs (1960–), grew up in Hoylake
• The former actress and Labour MP Glenda Jackson (1936–), grew up in Hoylake
• John Lennon's first wife Cynthia (1939–2015). She grew up in Hoylake and returned there after their divorce in 1968. Their son Julian (1963–) spent much of his early life in Hoylake. ^[46]
• Eric Morecambe, comedian. He won a local amateur talent contest, held at Hoylake's Kingsway Cinema in 1940. ^[47]
• Mike Rutherford (1950–) of Genesis. He was a boarder at the Leas School, formerly on Meols Drive.
• Curtis Warren (1963–), Merseyside gangster, formerly featured in the Sunday Times Rich List. He owned a house on Meols Drive.
• Cliff Williams (1949–), bassist of AC/DC, grew up in Hoylake.
• Indie rock bands the Rascals and the Little Flames. They are from Hoylake.
• James Skelly, Ian Skelly, Bill Ryder-Jones, Nick Power, Lee Southall, Paul Duffy and John Duffy, from the band the Coral. They were also brought up there.

See also

• Listed buildings in Hoylake
• Hoylake Holy Trinity C of E Primary School
• Hoylake Holy Trinity Church
• Hoylake Parade Community Centre

Notes

1. High lake is also mentioned, with regard to William III's army travelling to Ireland, in the BBC programme Who Do You Think You Are?, Series 12, Episode 3, about Derek Jacobi. ^[7]

References

1. "Coordinate Distance Calculator". boulter.com. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
2. "Hoylake Tourist Information & Visitor Guide". www.visitwirral.com. Wirral Council. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
3. "Wirral 2001 Census: Hoylake". Metropolitan Borough of Wirral. Retrieved 23 December 2007.^{[ dead link ]}
4. "2001 Census: Hoylake & Meols Ward". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 20 February 2007.
5. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Hoylake and Meols Ward (E05000963)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics . Retrieved 17 August 2020.
6. Denham, Henry Mangles (1840). Sailing directions from Point Lynas to Liverpool. Liverpool: Mawdsley. p.  95 . Retrieved 27 August 2015– via Internet Archive. high lake ireland william iii.
7. "Derek Jacobi". Who Do You Think You Are? . Series 12. Episode 3. 27 August 2015. Event occurs at 52:50. BBC . Retrieved 27 August 2015.
8. "Walker Art Gallery (Frieze of King William III setting sail to Ireland from Hoylake)". International Centre for Digital Content. Archived from the original on 24 September 2006. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
9. Bartlett, Thomas; Jeffery, Keith (9 October 1997). A Military History of Ireland. Cambridge University Press. p. 193. ISBN   9780521629898 . Retrieved 3 September 2015.
10. "Hoylake". Merseyside Views. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 1 May 2007.
11. "Key to English Place Names: Hoose". University of Nottingham. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
12. "Hoo - Hope-Baggot: Hoose". A Topographical Dictionary of England. British History Online. 1848. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
13. Young, Derek; Young, Marian (1984). Pictures From The Past: A unique collection of photographs of old Hoylake, Meols and West Kirby. ASIN   B001KA5LEY.
14. "Hoylake History". HoylakeAndWestKirby.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2007. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
15. "Hoose (Hoylake)". GENUKI UK & Ireland Genealogy. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
16. "Hoylake". A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
17. Jones, Lauren. "Plans approved to transform Hoylake's former town hall into 'The Beacon Arts Village'". Wirral Globe. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
18. "REPORT OF THE DEPUTY CHIEF EXECUTIVE/DIRECTOR OF CORPORATE SERVICES HOYLAKE MARKET STREET IMPROVEMENTS – CONTRACT FOR ART WORK" (PDF). Wirral Council. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
19. Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Northwest England". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . Retrieved 2 May 2016.
20. Robinson, John; Robinson, Diane (2007). Lighthouses of Liverpool Bay. The History Press. ISBN   978-0-7524-4209-9.
21. "William Hutchinson (1715-1801)". The Maritime History Virtual Archive. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
22. "Hoylake Lighthouses: the old high light". Lighthouse Compendium. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
23. "Hoylake Lighthouse". Archived from the original on 13 November 2007. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
24. Chance, James Frederick (1902). The Lighthouse Work of Sir James Chance, Baronet (PDF). London: Smith, Elder & co. p. 166. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
25. Historic England. "Lighthouse and adjoining keepers house (1259767)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 17 August 2020.
26. "Hoylake Low Light". lighthousedepot.com. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
27. "Hoylake RFC History". Hoylake RFC. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 8 May 2007.
28. "Hoylake Amateur Swimming Club has uncovered archive film of the town's outdoor Lido as part of its 75th anniversary celebrations". BBC. 19 October 2006.
29. "SRTM & Ordnance Survey Elevation Data in PHP" . Retrieved 1 November 2016.
30. "1:50000 geology series, England and Wales sheet 96, Liverpool, Bedrock and Superficial deposits". Maps Portal. British Geological Survey. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
31. "Red Rocks Marsh". Cheshire Wildlife Trust. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
32. Smith, Richard. "Hoylake and Red Rocks". Dee Estuary Birding. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
33. "Your Councillors by Ward". Wirral Borough Council. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
34. "History". Hoylake Lifeboat website. Archived from the original on 5 March 2008. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
35. "Former Hoylake lifeboat station to become museum". Wirral Globe. 9 February 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
36. "Kings Gap conservation area". Wirral Borough Council. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
37. "A-Hoylake!". BBC Sport. 17 July 2006. Retrieved 15 April 2008.
38. "Open Golf Championship will return to Hoylake in 2022". Wirral Globe. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
39. "Sand yacht championships to start". BBC News. 16 September 2007. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
40. "Events". British Landsailing - BFSLYC. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
41. "Ground profile: Ellerman Lines Cricket Ground, Hoylake". CricketArchive. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
42. "Supporting Planning Statement: Former Ellerman Lines Social Club, Carr Lane, Hoylake" (PDF). www.wirral.gov.uk. October 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
43. "New bid to build on site of former social club in Hoylake". Today News. 19 October 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
44. "Daniel Craig: The spy who loves Hoylake". Liverpool Echo. 20 October 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
45. "Helen Forrester". Fantastic Fiction. Retrieved 29 August 2007.
46. "Julian Lennon Biography". lennon.net. Archived from the original on 9 May 2007. Retrieved 1 May 2007.
47. Morecambe, Gary; Sterling, Martin (2001). Morecambe & Wise - Behind The Sunshine. Robson Books. p. 19. ISBN   1-86105-462-9.

Further reading

• Anon. (1951). Hoylake and West Kirby: Official Guide. Burrow. ASIN   B0000CJ89L. OCLC   810774865.
• Boumphrey, Ian; Boumphrey, Marilyn (1984). Yesterday's Wirral: West Kirby and Hoylake. Ian & Marilyn Boumphrey. ISBN   9780950725529. OCLC   655410017.
• Hume, Abraham (1847). The Antiquities found at Hoylake in Cheshire. London. ASIN   B0014I23CK. OCLC   47290451.
• Mortimer, William Williams (1847). The History of the Hundred of Wirral. London: Whittaker & Co. pp276-278.
• O'Neill, Jim (2006). West Kirby to Hoylake. Nonsuch Publishing. ISBN   9781845883317. OCLC   33046870.
• O'Neill, Jim (2012). Hoylake Then & Now. The History Press. ISBN   9780752467931. OCLC   766318454.
• Roberts, Charles (1986). Victorian Hoylake: Recollections of Hoylake, 1865-1915. Ceejay Publishing. ISBN   9780948805004. OCLC   15658615.
• Roberts, Stephen (1992). Hoylake and Meols Past. Phillimore & Co Ltd. ISBN   9780850338270. OCLC   30029021.

External links

• Hoylake Lifeboat
• Hoylake Village Life
• Hoylake Vision Community Planning Forum