Hugh IV | |
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Duke of Burgundy | |
Reign | 1218–1272 |
Predecessor | Odo III |
Successor | Robert II |
Born | Villaines-en-Duesmois | 9 March 1213
Died | 27 October 1272 59) France | (aged
Spouse | Yolande of Dreux Beatrice of Navarre |
Issue Detail | Odo, Count of Nevers John, Lord of Bourbon Adelaide, Duchess of Brabant Robert II, Duke of Burgundy Isabella, Queen of Germany |
House | House of Burgundy |
Father | Odo III, Duke of Burgundy |
Mother | Alice of Vergy |
Hugh IV (9 March 1213 – 27 or 30 October 1272) was Duke of Burgundy from 1218 and titular King of Thessalonica from 1266 until his death in 1272. Hugh was the son of Odo III, Duke of Burgundy, [1] and Alice de Vergy. [2]
Hugh married twice, first to Yolande of Dreux when he was 16 and she 17 years of age. [3] He then married Beatrice of Navarre, when he was 45. [4] With Yolande, he had:
With Beatrice, he had:
His father died during the war of War of the Succession of Champagne in 1218. Hugh was an opponent of the regency of the County of Champagne by Blanche of Castile. With his father's death in 1218, he switched sides and joined the rebels in 1229. This led to blows with Theobald IV, Count of Champagne.
Hugh IV, through a transaction with John l'Antique de Chalon, gave up the barony of Salon for the counties of Chalon and Auxonne in 1237, which expanded the Duchy [7] and the regional economy benefited from the growing wine trade.
In 1239, Hugh joined the Barons' Crusade led by King Theobald I of Navarre and supported by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. [8] During this crusade, he was one of the nobles who sought battle with the Muslims against the advice of King Theobald and the Military Orders. Realizing that the expedition was disadvantageous, he opted to withdraw to Ascalon with Walter IV, Count of Brienne and a few others, avoiding the disastrous battle of Gaza. Soon after, King Theobald left for France and Richard of Cornwall arrived. He chose to ally with him, aid in rebuilding Ascalon and negotiated a peace with Egypt in 1241. [9] He returned to Burgundy afterwards.
Hugh arrived at Cyprus by May 1249 and joined Louis IX of France on the Seventh Crusade. [10] He led one of the two camps of the army that crossed during the siege of Mansurah, the other camp being led by the King of France himself. He was taken prisoner with his king during the retreat of Fariskur, following the betrayal of a treacherous sergeant. He would not be released until March 1252, as such he returned home.
In 1266, he met with Baldwin II, Latin Emperor, who sold Hugh the title of king of Thessalonica in exchange for reconquering his lost domains. Although it had been recaptured by Epirus more than 40 years before. The sale would only remain valid until Hugh aided in Baldwin's reconquest and should he fail to uphold his end, the title would pass to Charles I of Anjou and his heirs. The invasion wouldn't come to pass, as Pope Gregory X, under the false promise of Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos to unite the churches, staved off any attempts.
In 1270, Hugh joined the Eighth Crusade. But after King Louis IX died, he returned home.
Hugh IV died on 27 October 1272 (Aged 60) at Villaines-en-Duismois, France. His burial place is unknown.
Peter I, also known as Peter Mauclerc and Peter of Dreux, reigned as Duke of Brittany alongside his wife Alix from 1213 to 1221, and was regent of the duchy for his minor son John I from 1221 to 1237. As duke he was also 1st Earl of Richmond from 1218 to 1235.
Theobald the Great (1090–1152) was count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV from 1102 and was Count of Champagne and of Brie as Theobald II from 1125. Theobald held Auxerre, Maligny, Ervy, Troyes and Châteauvillain as fiefs from Odo II, Duke of Burgundy.
Theobald I, also called the Troubadour and the Posthumous, was Count of Champagne from birth and King of Navarre from 1234. He initiated the Barons' Crusade, was famous as a trouvère, and was the first Frenchman to rule Navarre.
Hugh III was Duke of Burgundy between 1162 and 1192. As duke, Burgundy was invaded by King Philip II and Hugh was forced to sue for peace. Hugh then joined the Third Crusade, distinguishing himself at Arsuf and Acre, where he died in 1192.
Eudes III, commonly known in English as Odo III, was Duke of Burgundy between 1192 and 1218. Odo was the eldest son of Duke Hugh III and his first wife Alice, daughter of Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine.
Odo of Burgundy, in French Eudes de Bourgogne, was the Count of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre and son of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy and Yolande of Dreux.
Robert II was Duke of Burgundy between 1272 and 1306 as well as titular king of Thessalonica.
The County of Auxerre was a county in current central France, with its capital in Auxerre. It was commonly associated with the Duchy of Burgundy.
The House of Burgundy was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, descending from Robert I, Duke of Burgundy, a younger son of King Robert II of France. The House ruled the Duchy of Burgundy from 1032 to 1361 and achieved the recognized title of King of Portugal.
Yolande II or Yolande of Nevers, was ruling Countess of Nevers between 1262 and 1280.
Yolande of Dreux (1212–1248) was Duchess of Burgundy as the first wife of Hugh IV of Burgundy.
The House of Blois was a noble family that arose in the Kingdom of West Francia in the early 10th century, and whose prominent members were often named Theobald.
John, called the Old (l'Antique), was a French nobleman, the Count of Auxonne and Chalon-sur-Saône in his own right and regent in right of his son, Hugh III, Count of Burgundy. In contemporary documents, he was sometimes called "Count of Burgundy", as by King William of Germany in 1251.
The War of the Succession of Champagne was a war from 1216 to 1222 between the nobles of the Champagne region of France, occurring within that region and also spilling over into neighboring duchies. The war lasted two years and de facto ended in 1218, but did not officially end until Theobald IV reached the age of majority in 1222, at which point his rivals abandoned their claims.
Walter III of Châtillon was a French knight and Lord of Châtillon, Montjay, Troissy, Crécy et Pierrefonds until his death in 1219. With his marriage, he became Count of Saint-Pol. He was also the Butler of Champagne and the Seneschal of Burgundy.
Beatrice of Navarre, was Duchess of Burgundy, by marriage to Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy. She was a daughter of Theobald I of Navarre and his third wife Margaret of Bourbon. Her siblings included Theobald II of Navarre and Henry I of Navarre. She is also known as Beatrix of Champagne.
Alicede Vergy (1182–1251) was duchess of Burgundy as the second wife of Odo III, Duke of Burgundy. She served as regent of Burgundy during the minority of her son (1218–28).
Yolande of Brittany, also known as Yolande de Dreux, was the ruler of the counties of Penthièvre and Porhoet in the Duchy of Brittany. Yolande had been betrothed to King Henry III of England in 1226 at the age of seven years, but married Hugh XI of Lusignan, the half-brother of Henry III. Through Hugh, she became Countess of La Marche and of Angoulême. She was the mother of seven children. From 1250 to 1256, she acted as Regent of La Marche and Angoulême for her son, Hugh XII of Lusignan.
Odo/Eudes I de Champlitte the so-called Champenois, of the House of Blois and its cadet branch, the house of Champlitte. was Lord of Champlitte, Viscount of Dijon, and also a claimant to the title of Count of Champagne. He was the son of Hugh, Count of Champagne, Count of Champagne and Isabella of Burgundy, daughter of Stephen I, Count of Burgundy.
Renard II of Choiseul, also known as Raynard II of Choiseul or Renaud of Choiseul, was the son of Foulques II and Alix of Vignory. He held the title of lord of Choiseul in Champagne during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. The region is located in the current department of Haute-Marne.