Hyōgo Prefecture

Last updated
Hyōgo Prefecture
兵庫県
Japanese transcription(s)
   Japanese 兵庫県
   Rōmaji Hyōgo-ken
Night view of Rokko Island and Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan.jpg
Rokkō Island and Higashinada District, Kobe City, Hyōgo Prefecture at night, view from Maya Peak
Flag of Hyogo Prefecture.svg
Emblem of Hyogo Prefecture.svg
Anthem: Hyōgo Kenminka [note 1] [1]
Map of Japan with highlight on 28 Hyogo prefecture.svg
Coordinates: 34°41′26.94″N135°10′59.08″E / 34.6908167°N 135.1830778°E / 34.6908167; 135.1830778
CountryFlag of Japan.svg Japan
Region Kansai
Island Honshu, Awaji
Capital Kobe
Subdivisions Districts: 8, Municipalities: 41
Government
   Governor Motohiko Saitō
Area
  Total
8,400.94 km2 (3,243.62 sq mi)
  Rank 12th
Population
 (1 February 2025)
  Total
5,325,228
  Rank 7th
  Density634/km2 (1,640/sq mi)
GDP
[2]
  Total JP¥ 23,462 billion
US$ 173.3 billion (2022)
ISO 3166 code JP-28
Legislature Hyogo Prefectural Assembly
Website web.pref.hyogo.lg.jp/fl/english/
SymbolsofJapan
Bird Oriental white stork (Ciconia boyciana)
FlowerNojigiku ( Chrysanthemum japonense )
Tree Camphor tree ( Cinnamomum camphora )
Himeji Castle in Himeji, a UNESCO World Heritage Site Himeji Castle The Keep Towers.jpg
Himeji Castle in Himeji, a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Hyōgo Prefecture (兵庫県, Hyōgo-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [çoꜜː.ɡo,-ŋo,çoː.ɡoꜜ.keɴ,-ŋoꜜ.keɴ] [3] ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. [4] Hyōgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 (as of 1 June 2019) and a geographic area of 8,400 square kilometres (3,200 square miles). Hyōgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east, Osaka Prefecture to the southeast, and Okayama and Tottori prefectures to the west.

Contents

Kobe is the capital and largest city of Hyōgo Prefecture, and the seventh-largest city in Japan, with other major cities including Himeji, Nishinomiya, and Amagasaki. [5] Hyōgo Prefecture's mainland stretches from the Sea of Japan to the Seto Inland Sea, where Awaji Island and a small archipelago of islands belonging to the prefecture are located. Hyōgo Prefecture is a major economic center, transportation hub, and tourist destination in western Japan, with 20% of the prefecture's land area designated as Natural Parks. Hyōgo Prefecture forms part of the Kobe metropolitan area and Osaka metropolitan area, the second-most-populated urban region in Japan after the Greater Tokyo area and one of the world's most productive regions by GDP.

History

Map of Hyogo Prefecture with former provincial boundaries and current prefectural offices:
1.
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#Kobe city (divided between Harima and Settsu)
2.
#Settsu (Hanshin South office)
3.
#Settsu (Hanshin North office)
4.
#Harima East office
5.
#Harima North office
6.
#Harima Central office
7.
#Harima West office
9.
#Tanba office
8.
#Tajima office
10.
#Awaji office
Areas beyond Harima West belonged to Mimasaka (north) and Bizen (south) Map of Hyogo prefecture, with prefectural government branches and former borders.svg
Map of Hyogo Prefecture with former provincial boundaries and current prefectural offices:
1.Kobe city (divided between Harima and Settsu)
2.Settsu (Hanshin South office)
3.Settsu (Hanshin North office)
4.Harima East office
5.Harima North office
6.Harima Central office
7.Harima West office
9. Tanba office
8. Tajima office
10. Awaji office
Areas beyond Harima West belonged to Mimasaka (north) and Bizen (south)

Present-day Hyōgo Prefecture includes the former provinces of Harima, Tajima, Awaji, and parts of Tanba and Settsu. [6]

In 1180, near the end of the Heian period, Emperor Antoku, Taira no Kiyomori, and the Imperial court moved briefly to Fukuhara, in what is now the city of Kobe. There the capital remained for five months. Himeji Castle, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is in the city of Himeji.

Southern Hyōgo Prefecture was severely devastated by the 6.9 Mw Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995, which destroyed major parts of Kobe and Awaji, as well as Nishinomiya and Ashiya and the neighboring Osaka Prefecture, killing nearly 6,500 people.

Geography

Kobe Kobe Biennale 2011 03s3.jpg
Kobe
Takarazuka Takarazuka arban area No,2.JPG
Takarazuka
Sumoto Sumoto city view from Sumoto Castle Awaji Island Japan01n.jpg
Sumoto
Tatsuno Ibo River Tatsuno Hyogo02n4272.jpg
Tatsuno
Shiso Yamasakitown Shisocity Hyogopref arban area.JPG
Shiso
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
18901,551,367    
19031,833,957+1.30%
19132,143,791+1.57%
19202,301,799+1.02%
19252,454,679+1.29%
19302,646,301+1.51%
19352,923,249+2.01%
19403,221,232+1.96%
19452,821,892−2.61%
19503,309,935+3.24%
19553,620,947+1.81%
19603,906,487+1.53%
19654,309,944+1.99%
19704,667,928+1.61%
19754,992,140+1.35%
19805,144,892+0.60%
19855,278,050+0.51%
19905,405,040+0.48%
19955,401,877−0.01%
20005,550,574+0.54%
20055,590,601+0.14%
20105,588,133−0.01%
20155,536,989−0.18%
source: [7]

Hyōgo has coastlines on two seas: to the north, the Sea of Japan, to the south, the Seto Inland Sea. On Awaji Island, Hyōgo borders the Pacific Ocean coastline in the Kii Channel. The northern portion is sparsely populated, except for the city of Toyooka, The central highlands are only populated by tiny villages. Most of Hyōgo's population lives on the southern coast, which is part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area. Awaji is an island that separates the Inland Sea and Osaka Bay, lying between Honshu and Shikoku.

Summertime weather throughout Hyōgo is hot and humid. As for winter conditions, the north of Hyōgo tends to receive abundant snow, whilst the south receives only the occasional flurry.

Hyōgo borders on Osaka Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture, Tottori Prefecture and Okayama Prefecture.

As of 31 March 2008, 20% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Sanin Kaigan and Setonaikai National Parks; Hyōnosen-Ushiroyama-Nagisan Quasi-National Park; and Asago Gunzan, Harima Chūbu Kyūryō, Inagawa Keikoku, Izushi-Itoi, Kasagatayama-Sengamine, Kiyomizu-Tōjōko-Tachikui, Onzui-Chikusa, Seiban Kyūryō, Seppiko-Mineyama, Tajima Sangaku, and Taki Renzan Prefectural Natural Parks. [8]

Current municipalities

Map of Hyogo Prefecture Ja.svg
Flag of Aioi, Hyogo.svg
Aioi 相生市
Flag of Akashi, Hyogo.svg
Akashi 明石市
Flag of Ako, Hyogo.svg
Akō 赤穂市
Flag of Amagasaki, Hyogo.svg
Amagasaki 尼崎市
Flag of Asago, Hyogo.svg
Asago 朝来市
Flag of Ashiya, Hyogo.svg
Ashiya 芦屋市
Flag of Awaji Hyogo.svg
Awaji 淡路市
Flag of Himeji, Hyogo.svg
Himeji 姫路市
Flag of Itami, Hyogo.svg
Itami 伊丹市
Flag of Kakogawa, Hyogo.svg
Kakogawa 加古川市
Flag of Kasai, Hyogo.svg
Kasai 加西市
Flag of Kato, Hyogo.svg
Katō 加東市
Flag of Kawanishi, Hyogo.svg
Kawanishi 川西市
Flag of Kobe.svg
Kobe (capital)神戸市
Flag of Miki, Hyogo.svg
Miki 三木市
Flag of Minamiawaji, Hyogo.svg
Minamiawaji 南あわじ市
Flag of Nishinomiya, Hyogo.svg
Nishinomiya 西宮市
Flag of Nishiwaki, Hyogo.svg
Nishiwaki 西脇市
Flag of Ono, Hyogo.svg
Ono 小野市
Flag of Sanda, Hyogo.svg
Sanda 三田市
Flag of Shiso, Hyogo.svg
Shisō 宍粟市
Flag of Sumoto, Hyogo.svg
Sumoto 洲本市
Flag of Takarazuka, Hyogo.svg
Takarazuka 宝塚市
Flag of Takasago, Hyogo.svg
Takasago 高砂市
Flag of Tambasasayama, Hyogo.svg
Tamba-Sasayama 丹波篠山市
Flag of Tanba, Hyogo.svg
Tanba 丹波市
Flag of Tatsuno, Hyogo.svg
Tatsuno たつの市
Flag of Toyooka, Hyogo.svg
Toyooka 豊岡市
Flag of Yabu, Hyogo.svg
Yabu 養父市
Flag of Fukusaki Hyogo.svg
Fukusaki 福崎町
Flag of Harima, Hyogo.svg
Harima 播磨町
Flag of Ichikawa, Hyogo.svg
Ichikawa 市川町
Flag of Inagawa, Hyogo.svg
Inagawa 猪名川町
Flag of Inami, Hyogo.svg
Inami 稲美町
Flag of Kami, Hyogo.svg
Kami 香美町
Flag of Kami, Hyogo.svg
Kamigōri 上郡町
Flag of Kamikawa, Hyogo.svg
Kamikawa 神河町
Flag of Sayo, Hyogo.svg
Sayō 佐用町
Flag of Shinonsen, Hyogo.svg
Shin'onsen 新温泉町
Flag of Taishi, Hyogo.svg
Taishi 太子町
Flag of Taka, Hyogo.svg
Taka 多可町
Municipalities in Hyōgo Prefecture      Government Ordinance Designated City     City     Town

Islands

Two major artificial islands are located Hyōgo Prefecture:

National parks

Mergers

Future mergers

The city of Akō and the only town in Akō District (Kamigōri), were scheduled to merge and the city would still retain the name Akō. Akō District would be defunct if the merger was successful. [9] However, the merger has not taken place.

Economy

Hyogo prefecture population pyramid in 2020 Hyogo prefecture population pyramid in 2020.svg
Hyogo prefecture population pyramid in 2020

As in all prefectures nationwide, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries play a big role in the economy of Hyogo Prefecture. [10] Hyōgo Prefecture also has an IT industry, many heavy industries, metal and medical, Kobe Port being one of the largest ports in Japan. Kobe Port also hosts one of the world's fastest supercomputers, [11] and Hyogo Prefecture passed laws to keep Kobe Port free of nuclear weapons (a nuclear-free zone) since the year 1975.

Hyōgo is a part of the Hanshin Industrial Region. There are two research institutes of Riken, natural sciences research institute in Japan, in Kobe and Harima. "SPring-8", a synchrotron radiation facility, is in Harima.

Kobe Port Port of Kobe01s3780.jpg
Kobe Port

Culture

National Treasures of Japan

Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings in Japan

Museums

Education

Universities

Amagasaki

Takarazuka

Sanda

Nishinomiya

Ashiya

Kobe

Kato

Akashi

Kakogawa

Himeji

Akō

High schools

There are 163 public and 52 private high schools within Hyogo prefecture. Of the public high schools, some are administered by the Hyogo prefectural government, whilst the others are administered by local municipalities.

Sports

Kyocera Dome Osaka Binnenkant van Kyocera Dome Osaka, -22 maart 2019.jpg
Kyocera Dome Osaka

The sports teams listed below are based in Hyōgo.

Baseball

Basketball

Football (soccer)

Rugby

Volleyball

Tourism

A popular troupe of Takarazuka Revue plays in Takarazuka.

Arima Onsen in the south of the province in Kita-ku, Kobe is one of the Three Ancient Springs in Japan. The north of Hyogo Prefecture has sightseeing spots such as Kinosaki Onsen, Izushi, and Yumura Onsen. Takeda Castle in Asago is often referred to locally as the "Machu Picchu of Japan". The matsuba crab and Tajima beef are both national delicacies. [12]

Festivals and events

Dekansho Bon Dancing Festival dekanshiyoJi ri.JPG
Dekansho Bon Dancing Festival
Castle Festival in Himeji Himeji Oshiro Matsuri August09 191.jpg
Castle Festival in Himeji

Transportation

Rail

People movers

Road

Expressways

National highways

  • Route 2
  • Route 9
  • Route 28
  • Route 29
  • Route 43
  • Route 171
  • Route 173
  • Route 174 (Sannomiya-Kobe Port)
  • Route 175
  • Route 176
  • Route 178
  • Route 179
  • Route 250
  • Route 312
  • Route 372
  • Route 373
  • Route 426
  • Route 427
  • Route 428
  • Route 429
  • Route 436
  • Route 477
  • Route 482
  • Route 483

Ports

Airport

Kansai International Airport in nearby Osaka Prefecture is also used by air travellers from the prefecture as it provides most domestic and international travel.

Notable people


Sister regions

Hyogo entered a sister state relationship with Washington state in the United States on October 22, 1963, the first such arrangement between Japan and the United States. [13] [14]

In 1981, a sister state agreement was drawn up between Hyogo and the state of Western Australia in Australia. [15] To commemorate the 10th anniversary of this agreement in 1992, the Hyogo Prefectural Government Cultural Centre was established in Perth. [16]

See also

Notes

  1. The Hyōgo Prefectural Government has expressed the view that the "Prefectural song does not exist" and denied the fact that currently, this song has been enacted in 1947.

Citations

  1. 金旻革 (2015-01-01). "布く新憲法 ゆくては明かるし…幻の兵庫県民歌". Kobe Shimbun . Archived from the original on 2016-03-09. Retrieved 2015-01-09.
  2. "2020年度国民経済計算(2015年基準・2008SNA) : 経済社会総合研究所 - 内閣府". 内閣府ホームページ (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-05-18.
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, ed. (24 May 2016). NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 (in Japanese). NHK Publishing.
  4. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Hyōgo prefecture" in Japan Encyclopedia, pp. 363-365 , p. 363, at Google Books; "Kansai" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 477 , p. 477, at Google Books.
  5. Nussbaum, "Kobe" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 537 , p. 537, at Google Books.
  6. Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 780 , p. 780, at Google Books.
  7. Statistics Bureau of Japan
  8. "General overview of area figures for Natural Parks by prefecture" (PDF). Ministry of the Environment. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  9. City.ako.hyogo.jp Archived 2006-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
  10. "XII Income of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries" (PDF). Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-19. Retrieved 2017-10-02.
  11. "RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science". Archived from the original on 2017-09-26. Retrieved 2017-10-02.
  12. "JAL Guide to Japan – Matsuba Crab". Archived from the original on 2015-04-05. Retrieved 2015-04-02.
  13. Camden, Jim (August 20, 2013). "Washington, Japan celebrate 50 years". Spokesman-Review . Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
  14. "Celebrating 50 years with Hyogo, Japan". Washington State Library. August 19, 2013. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
  15. "Sister Cities – City of Perth". Archived from the original on 2015-05-30.
  16. Hyogo.com.au Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine

General references