Hōryaku calendar

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Horyaku calendar published in 1755. Exhibit in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan. Houryaku-reki.jpg
Hōryaku calendar published in 1755. Exhibit in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan.

The Hōryaku calendar(宝暦暦,Hōryaku-reki) was a Japanese lunisolar calendar (genka reki). [1] It was also known as Horiki Kojutsu Gen-reki. It was published in 1755. [2]

Japan Constitutional monarchy in East Asia

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asian continent and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and the Philippine Sea in the south.

A lunisolar calendar is a calendar in many cultures whose date indicates both the Moon phase and the time of the solar year. If the solar year is defined as a tropical year, then a lunisolar calendar will give an indication of the season; if it is taken as a sidereal year, then the calendar will predict the constellation near which the full moon may occur. As with all calendars which divide the year into months there is an additional requirement that the year have a whole number of months. In this case ordinary years consist of twelve months but every second or third year is an embolismic year, which adds a thirteenth intercalary, embolismic, or leap month.

Contents

History

The Hōreki Kōjutsu Genreki system was the work of Abe Yasukuni, [3] Shibukawa Kōkyō, [4] and Nishiyama Seikyū. [5] Errors in the calendar were corrected in 1798 [6] and in 1844. [7] In 1872, the Western calendar was adopted. [3]

Kansei calendar was a Japanese lunisolar calendar. It was published in 1797.

The Tenpō calendar, officially the Tenpō sexagenary unitary calendar, was a Japanese lunisolar calendar. It was published in the Tenpō era (1830–1844) and was in use during the late Edo period, from 1844 to 1872.

The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most of the world. It is named after Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in October 1582. The calendar spaces leap years to make the average year 365.2425 days long, approximating the 365.2422-day tropical year that is determined by the Earth's revolution around the Sun. The rule for leap years is:

Every year that is exactly divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100, but these centurial years are leap years if they are exactly divisible by 400. For example, the years 1700, 1800, and 1900 are not leap years, but the year 2000 is.

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Renshaw, Steven L. and Saori Ihara. (2007). "Takahashi, Yoshitoki," Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers (Virginia Trimble, ed.), p. 1121.
  2. ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Calendar" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 98.
  3. 1 2 Nussbaum, "Abe Yasukuni" at p. 4.
  4. ↑ Nussbaum, "Shibukawa Shunkai" at p. 850.
  5. ↑ Nussbaum, "Hōreki Kōjutsu Genreki" at p. 352.
  6. ↑ Nussbaum, "Kansei-reki" at p. 478; Orchiston, Wayne et al. (2011). Highlighting the History of Astronomy in the Asia-Pacific Region, p. 155.
  7. ↑ Orchiston, p. 155.
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