The Local Group is the galaxy group that includes the Milky Way, where Earth is located. It has a total diameter of roughly 3 megaparsecs (10 million light-years; 9×1019 kilometres), and a total mass of the order of 2×1012 solar masses (4×1042 kg). It consists of two collections of galaxies in a "dumbbell" shape; the Milky Way and its satellites form one lobe, and the Andromeda Galaxy and its satellites constitute the other. The two collections are separated by about 800 kiloparsecs (3×10^6 ly; 2×1019 km) and are moving toward one another with a velocity of 123 km/s. The group itself is a part of the larger Virgo Supercluster, which may be a part of the Laniakea Supercluster. The exact number of galaxies in the Local Group is unknown as some are occluded by the Milky Way; however, at least 80 members are known, most of which are dwarf galaxies.
The Black Eye Galaxy is a relatively isolated spiral galaxy 17 million light-years away in the mildly northern constellation of Coma Berenices. It was discovered by Edward Pigott in March 1779, and independently by Johann Elert Bode in April of the same year, as well as by Charles Messier the next year. A dark band of absorbing dust partially in front of its bright nucleus gave rise to its nicknames of the "Black Eye", "Evil Eye", or "Sleeping Beauty" galaxy. M64 is well known among amateur astronomers due to its form in small telescopes and visibility across inhabited latitudes.
NGC 4151 is an intermediate spiral Seyfert galaxy with weak inner ring structure located 15.8 megaparsecs from Earth in the constellation Canes Venatici. The galaxy was first mentioned by William Herschel on March 17, 1787; it was one of the six Seyfert galaxies described in the paper which defined the term. It is one of the nearest galaxies to Earth to contain an actively growing supermassive black hole. The black hole would have a mass on the order of 2.5 million to 30 million solar masses. It was speculated that the nucleus may host a binary black hole, with about 40 million and about 10 million solar masses respectively, orbiting with a 15.8-year period. This is, however, still a matter of active debate.
NGC 4323 is a lenticular or dwarf elliptical galaxy located about 52.5 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered in 1882 by astronomer Wilhelm Tempel and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.
NGC 5665 is a spiral galaxy in the northern constellation of Boötes. It was discovered on January 30, 1784 by German-British astronomer William Herschel. This galaxy is located at a distance of 53.6 ± 7.7 million light-years (16.44 ± 2.37 Mpc), and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 2,237 km/s. It is cataloged in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as object number 49.
NGC 4921 is a barred spiral galaxy in the Coma Cluster, located in the constellation Coma Berenices. It is about 320 million light-years from Earth. The galaxy has a nucleus with a bar structure that is surrounded by a distinct ring of dust that contains recently formed, hot blue stars. The outer part consists of unusually smooth, poorly distinguished spiral arms.
NGC 4660 is an elliptical galaxy located about 63 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.
NGC 4222 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is often misidentified as IC 3087. NGC 4222 is a member of the Virgo Cluster and is a companion of NGC 4216 which lies about 180,000 ly (56 kpc) away. Despite this, the two galaxies are not interacting.
NGC 4093 is an elliptical galaxy located 340 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on May 4, 1864. NGC 4093 is a member of the NGC 4065 Group and is a radio galaxy with a two sided jet.
NGC 4298 is a flocculent spiral galaxy located about 53 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.
NGC 4561 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on April 13, 1784. This galaxy is located at a distance of 82 ± 14 million light-years (25.2 ± 4.3 Mpc) from the Milky Way, and is a member of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies. It is 13th magnitude with an angular size of 1.5′.
NGC 4359 is a dwarf barred spiral galaxy seen edge-on that is about 56 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 20, 1787. It is a member of the NGC 4274 Group, which is part of the Coma I Group or Cloud.
NGC 4393 is a spiral galaxy about 46 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 11, 1785. It is a member of the NGC 4274 Group, which is part of the Coma I Group or Cloud.
MCG -01-24-014 is a barred spiral galaxy located 275 million light-years away in the Hydra constellation. The galaxy contains an active nucleus and is considered to be classified as a type 2 Seyfert galaxy indicating the presence of a black hole in its center.
PGC 1228197 known as WINGS J211347.41+022834.9 and JO206, is a large spiral galaxy located 700 million light-years away towards the constellation of Aquarius. The galaxy is estimated to be at least 160,000 thousand light-years in diameter, making it somehow bigger than the Milky Way. With a radial velocity of 15,200 kilometers per second, it is slowly drifting away. It is classified as a jellyfish galaxy, mainly due to interactions from other galaxies, causing it to run into intracluster medium and stripping the gas from it, which causes long galactic tendrils of stars. It has an active galactic nucleus according to SIMBAD.
PGC 2456 known as KAZ 364 and JO201, is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation of Cetus. A member of Abell 85 galaxy cluster, it is located 617 million light-years away from the solar system and is considered a jellyfish galaxy due to the fact the tendrils are seen drifting downwards from its core. This mainly occurs when such galaxies like PGC 2456, moves through high speeds across the galaxy clusters, causing ram pressure to stripped gas, thus forming tendrils full of star formation. It is listed as a Seyfert galaxy by SIMBAD, meaning it has an active galactic nucleus. PGC 2456 lies 360 kiloparsecs from the brightest cluster galaxy, Holmberg 15A.
IC 3053 is a type Sab barred spiral galaxy with a ring located in the Coma Berenices constellation. The galaxy lies 720 million light-years from the solar system and has an estimated diameter of 180,000 light-years meaning the galaxy is much larger compared to the Milky Way. IC 3053 was first discovered by Royal Harwood Frost on May 7, 1904. Despite listed in the Virgo Cluster Catalogue as VCC 95, it is not a member of the Virgo Cluster due to its high redshift and instead a background galaxy.
IC 4040 is a type SABc spiral galaxy with a bar in Coma Berenices. It is located 353 million light-years away from the Solar System and has an estimated diameter of 105,000 light-years making it slightly larger than the Milky Way. IC 4040 was discovered on April 12, 1891, by Guillaume Bigourdan and is a member of the Coma Cluster.
Markarian 817 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is located 456 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that Markarian 817 is about 80,000 light-years across. It is a Seyfert galaxy.
IC 4516 is a type E elliptical galaxy located in Boötes. Its redshift is 0.045618 which corresponds IC 4516 to be located 667 million light-years from Earth. The galaxy was discovered by Lewis Swift on June 2, 1898, which was his last discovery after spending half a century observing astronomical objects, starting with the observation of the Great Comet in 1843.
