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Field sobriety tests (FSTs), also referred to as standardized field sobriety tests (SFSTs), are a battery of tests used by police officers to determine if a person suspected of impaired driving is intoxicated with alcohol or other drugs. FSTs are primarily used in the United States, to meet "probable cause for arrest" requirements, necessary to sustain an alcohol-impaired driving conviction based on a chemical blood alcohol test.
The Lammy Review is a 2017 review on discrimination within the policing and criminal justice systems in the UK, led by David Lammy and commissioned by David Cameron and Theresa May. The Lammy Review found significant racial bias in the UK justice system.
References
- ↑ "Justice Matters: Disproportionality" (PDF). Mayor of London – Office for Policing and Crime. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ↑ Mackie, Lindsay (14 June 1978). "Race causes an initial confusion". The Guardian . Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- 1 2 3 Bowsher, Kevin (2 March 2007). "The code systems used within the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) to formally record ethnicity". MPA briefing paper. Metropolitan Police Authority. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
- ↑ "Metropolitan Police Service Live Facial Recognition Trials" (PDF). NPL/MPS Research Report. National Physical Laboratory, Metropolitan Police Service. February 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
- ↑ FitzGerald, Marian; Sibbitt, Rae (1997). "Ethnic monitoring in police forces: A beginning" (PDF). Home Office Research Study 173. London: Home Office.
- ↑ "Race and the Criminal Justice System: An overview to the complete statistics 2003–2004" (PDF). Criminal Justice System. February 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- ↑ Criminal Justice Act 1991, section 95
- ↑ Steele, Christopher D.; Court, Denise Syndercombe; Balding, David J. (November 2014). "Worldwide Fst Estimates Relative to Five Continental-Scale Populations". Annals of Human Genetics. 78 (6): 468–477. doi:10.1111/ahg.12081. PMC 4223938 . PMID 26460400.