Ibrahim Pasha al-Dalati | |
---|---|
Wali of Damascus | |
In office 1788–1790 | |
Preceded by | Abdi Pasha |
Succeeded by | Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar |
Personal details | |
Nationality | Ottoman |
Ibrahim Pasha al-Dalati (also known as Ibrahim Deli Pasha) A fictitious character who has no presence in the official Ottoman Syrian records. The list of governors of Damascus can be searched in the Ottoman records,and this information should not be taken from books,because the Ottoman Empire was famous for writing records with boring details. There have been attempts to confuse the Dalati family with a Turkish military rank called Deli in order to distort the reputation of this family,and this is completely contrary to international documents and records,first and foremost the Ottoman records and a document on the Cambridge Digital Library website. Al-Dalati family is a well-known family in Syria and Lebanon and is a well-known family of Arab Semitic origin,as is evident from several international documents,including a document on the Cambridge Digital Library website| https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00016-00159/1. The meaning of the name Dalati is related to the village of Dalata in northern Palestine. It existed in the region between Syria and Egypt centuries before the arrival and control of the Ottoman Empire over the Middle East. This family was not known for any military activity,but was famous for its knowledge,trade,and work in engineering professions. Therefore,please refer to official documents before publishing what is in books,especially in the Middle East region due to political differences.
Ibrahim was appointed governor of Damascus in 1788. After his return from Mecca he led the annual Hajj caravan that same year. The Janissaries of the Citadel of Damascus and the aghawat of al-Midan revolted against him. Ibrahim relocated to Hama to rally troops with the sanction of the imperial government in Constantinople. Ibrahim marched on Damascus with his mercenary troops. Ibrahim's troops included Druze from Mount Lebanon. [1] He besieged the citadel,eventually securing the submission of the Janissaries after mediation led by Mulla Isma'il and including the city's religious notables as well as the Kurdish cavalry stationed in the city. [2]
Ibrahim Pasha was an Egyptian general and politician;he was the commander of both the Egyptian and Ottoman armies and the eldest son of Muhammad Ali,the Wāli and unrecognized Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. He served as a general in the Egyptian army that his father established during his reign,taking his first command of Egyptian forces when he was merely a teenager. In the final year of his life,he succeeded his still-living father as ruler of Egypt and Sudan,owing to the latter's ill health. His rule also extended over the other dominions that his father had brought under Egyptian rule,namely Syria,Hejaz,Morea,Thasos,and Crete. Ibrahim pre-deceased his father,dying 10 November 1848,only four months after acceding to the throne. Upon his father's death the following year,the Egyptian throne passed to Ibrahim's nephew,Abbas.
The Eyalet of Sidon was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. In the 19th century,the eyalet extended from the border with Egypt to the Bay of Kisrawan,including parts of modern Israel and Lebanon.
The al-Atrash,also known as Bani al-Atrash,is a Druze clan based in Jabal Hauran in southwestern Syria. The family's name al-atrash is Arabic for "the deaf" and derives from one the family's deaf patriarchs. The al-Atrash clan migrated to Jabal Hauran in the early 19th century,and under the leadership of their sheikh (chieftain) Ismail al-Atrash became the paramount ruling Druze family of Jabal Hauran in the mid-19th century,taking over from Al Hamdan. Through his battlefield reputation and his political intrigues with other Druze clans,Bedouin tribes,Ottoman authorities and European consuls,Ismail consolidated al-Atrash power. By the early 1880s,the family controlled eighteen villages,chief among which were as-Suwayda,Salkhad,al-Qurayya,'Ira and Urman.
Ahmed Pasha al-Jazzar was the Acre-based Ottoman governor of Sidon Eyalet from 1776 until his death in 1804 and the simultaneous governor of Damascus Eyalet in 1785–1786,1790–1795,1798–1799,and 1803–1804. Having left his native Bosnia as a youth,he began a military career in Egypt in the service of mamluk officials,eventually becoming a chief enforcer and assassin for Ali Bey al-Kabir,Egypt's practical ruler. He gained the epithet of al-Jazzar for his deadly ambush on a group of Bedouin tribesmen in retaliation for the death of his first master in a Bedouin raid. Al-Jazzar fell out with Ali Bey in 1768 after refusing to take part in the assassination of another of his former masters. He ultimately fled to Syria,where he was tasked by the Ottomans with defending Beirut from a joint assault by the Russian Navy and Zahir al-Umar,the Acre-based ruler of northern Palestine. He eventually surrendered and entered Zahir's service before defecting from him and fleeing with stolen tax money.
The Ottoman Empire nominally ruled Mount Lebanon from its conquest in 1516 until the end of World War I in 1918.
As'ad Pasha al-Azm was the governor of Damascus under Ottoman rule from 1743 to his deposition in 1757. He was responsible for the construction of several architectural works in the city and other places in Syria.
Sulayman Pasha al-Azm was the governor of Sidon Eyalet (1727–33),Damascus Eyalet,and Egypt Eyalet (1739–40) under the Ottoman Empire. He belonged to the prominent Al-Azm family and was the uncle of As'ad Pasha al-Azm,who succeeded him as governor of Damascus,and Sa'deddin Pasha al-Azm,who also served as governor of Egypt.
Al-Azm family is a prominent Damascene family. Their political influence in Ottoman Syria began in the 18th century when members of the family administered Maarrat al-Nu'man and Hama. A scion of the family,Ismail Pasha al-Azm,was appointed wāli of Damascus Eyalet in 1725. Between 1725 and 1783,members of the family,including As'ad Pasha al-Azm,held power in Damascus for 47 years,in addition to periodical appointments in Sidon Eyalet,Tripoli Eyalet,Hama,Aleppo Eyalet,and Egypt Eyalet. The family's influence declined in the 19th century,failing to establish a true dynasty.
Muzayrib is a town in southern Syria,administratively part of the Daraa Governorate,located northwest of Daraa on the Jordan–Syria border. Nearby localities include al-Shaykh Saad and Nawa to the north,Da'el,Tafas and al-Shaykh Maskin to the northeast,and al-Yadudah to the southeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics,Muzayrib had a population of 12,640 in the 2004 census. The town is also the administrative center of the Muzayrib nahiyah (subdistrict) consisting of nine villages with a combined population of 72,625. Muzayrib also has a community of Palestinian refugees.
Abdullah Pasha al-Azm was an Ottoman statesman who served as the governor of the Damascus Eyalet,Aleppo Eyalet (1794),Egypt Eyalet (1798),Adana Eyalet,and Rakka Eyalet (1809),before retiring to Hama in the 1810s. He was a member of the prominent political family,Al-Azm.
Kunj Yusuf Pasha was an Ottoman Kurd who served as the governor of Damascus Eyalet between 1807 and 1810. As governor,Kunj Yusuf enacted discriminatory policies against religious minority groups in Damascus and was unable to secure the annual Hajj pilgrim caravan to Mecca. After his inability to defeat Wahhabi invaders in 1809,he was ousted by Sulayman Pasha al-Adil with the blessing of the Ottoman imperial authorities.
Abdullah Pasha ibn Ali was the Ottoman governor (wali) of Sidon Eyalet between May 1820 and May 1832,with a nine-month interruption in 1822–23. Like his predecessors Jazzar Pasha and Sulayman Pasha,Abdullah Pasha ruled from the port city of Acre. During his reign,all of Palestine and the Syrian coastline came under his jurisdiction. Among his major military victories was his survival of an imperial-backed siege of Acre in 1822 instigated by the Farhi family in retaliation for Abdullah's execution of his mentor Haim Farhi,the suppression of revolts in Mount Lebanon and Jerusalem in 1824 and 1826,respectively,and the 1831 capture of the Sanur fortress.
Ismail Pasha al-Azm was an Ottoman statesman who served as the governor of Damascus and amir al-hajj in 1725–1730. Prior to this post he served as the agha of Ma'arrat al-Nu'man and steadily moved up the ranks to become the governor of the districts of Ma'arrat al-Nu'man,Hama and Homs in 1719 and then governor of Tripoli in 1721 before being assigned to the Damascus governorship.
Ibrahim Pasha Qatarağasi was an Ottoman statesman who served as wali (governor) of Aleppo,Damascus,Diyarbekir and Tripoli eyalets (provinces) in the early 19th century.
Arslan Mehmed Mataraci Pasha,also Arslan Muhammad Pasha ibn al-Mataraji,was the wali of Tripoli in 1694–1700 and 1702–1703,Damascus in 1701 and Sidon in 1703–1704.
Silahdar Süleyman Pasha was the Ottoman governor of Damascus Eyalet from February 1812 to May 1816.
Yusuf Sayfa Pasha was a chieftain and multazim in the Tripoli region who frequently served as the Ottoman beylerbey of Tripoli Eyalet between 1579 and his death.
Ali Janbulad Pasha was a Kurdish tribal chief from Kilis and a rebel Ottoman governor of Aleppo who wielded practical supremacy over Syria in c. 1606–1607. His rebellion,launched to avenge the execution of his uncle Huseyn ibn Janbulad by the commander Jigalazade Sinan Pasha in 1605,gained currency among northern Syria's Kurdish,Turkmen and Arab tribes and expanded to include local Syrian governors and chiefs,most prominently Fakhr al-Din Ma'n of Mount Lebanon and his erstwhile enemy Yusuf Sayfa Pasha of Tripoli. Ali formed a secret military alliance with the Grand Duke of Tuscany,Ferdinand I,with the explicit aim of jointly destroying the Ottoman Empire and establishing the Janbulad family as the sovereigns of Syria.
The 1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze,also called the 1585 Ottoman invasion of the Chouf,was an Ottoman military campaign led by Ibrahim Pasha against the Druze and other chieftains of Mount Lebanon and its environs,then a part of the Sidon-Beirut Sanjak of the province of Damascus Eyalet. It had been traditionally considered the direct consequence of a raid by bandits in Akkar against the tribute caravan of Ibrahim Pasha,then Egypt's outgoing governor,who was on his way to Constantinople. Modern research indicates that the tribute caravan arrived intact and that the expedition was instead the culmination of Ottoman attempts to subjugate the Druze and other tribal groups in Mount Lebanon dating from 1518.
İskenderpaşazade Hürrem Pasha,known in Arabic as Khurram ibn Iskandar Pasha,was an Ottoman statesman who served as beylerbey (governor-general) of Damascus Eyalet in 1523–1524 and afterward as beylerbey of Karaman Eyalet. He was killed in office during a battle to route rebel tribesmen in the province. His brother-in-law,Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pasha,erected a tomb for him the mausoleum complex of Rumi in Konya.