International Entente Against the Third International

Last updated June 05, 2019

The International Entente Against the Third International (French : Entente internationale contre la III:e internationale, after 1938 the International Anticommunist Entente, French : Entente Internationale Anticommuniste EIA) was an international anti-communist organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland.

French is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the spoken Latin in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French (Francien) has largely supplanted. French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the (Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French.

Anti-communism is opposition to communism. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in Russia and it reached global dimensions during the Cold War, when the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in an intense rivalry. Anti-communism has been an element of movements holding many different political positions, including nationalist, social democratic, liberal, libertarian, conservative, fascist, capitalist, anarchist and even socialist viewpoints.

Geneva is the second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situated where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva.

The organisation was founded by the Swiss advocate Théodore Aubert and Russian émigré Red Cross leader Georges Lodygensky as a response to the Communist International in 1924.^[1] Its objectives were to defend the "principles of order, family, property and nationality".^[1]

Théodore Aubert was a Swiss lawyer and writer.

The Communist International (Comintern), known also as the Third International (1919–1943), was an international organization that advocated world communism. The Comintern resolved at its Second Congress to "struggle by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the state". The Comintern had been preceded by the 1916 dissolution of the Second International.

The entente had national chapters in over 20 countries, with the aim of influencing political and journalistic circles.^[2] The British chapter was the Central Council of the Economic Leagues.^[1] In Finland, the national chapter Suomen Suojelusliitto was founded by the prominent statesman Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim a year earlier in 1923 to do anti-communist education.^[3] According to some accounts, Francisco Franco's anti-communism was initially sparked by reading the entente's publications and he also met Aubert.^[1] Other notable sympathizers included Philippe Pétain and Franz von Papen.^[1]

The Economic League was an organisation in the United Kingdom dedicated to opposing what they saw as subversion and action against free enterprise. As part of this the organisation maintained a list of alleged leftwing troublemakers for decades, which corporate members of the League used to vet job applicants, often denying jobs on the basis of the list. In the late 1980s press investigations revealed the poor quality of the League's data, and following a 1990 parliamentary inquiry and further press reporting, the League closed down in 1993. However, key League personnel continued similar vetting activities through organizations including The Consulting Association.

Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim was a Finnish military leader and statesman. Mannerheim served as the military leader of the Whites in the Finnish Civil War, Regent of Finland (1918–1919), commander-in-chief of Finland's defence forces during World War II, Marshal of Finland, and the sixth president of Finland (1944–1946).

Francisco Franco Bahamonde was a Spanish general and politician who ruled over Spain as Head of State and dictator under the title Caudillo from 1939, after the nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975. This period in Spanish history is commonly known as Francoist Spain.

EIA published Revue Anticommuniste.^[4] EIA opened an information centre in August 1937.^[4]

After World War II, EIA's membership numbers greatly decreased and its leaders considered the United States to be a better center for leading anti-communist activities than Europe.^[1] The organisation ceased operation in 1950.^[5]

World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States or America, is a country comprising 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles, the United States is the world's third or fourth largest country by total area and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe's 3.9 million square miles. With a population of over 327 million people, the U.S. is the third most populous country. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population is New York City. Forty-eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous in North America between Canada and Mexico. The State of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The State of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate, and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries.

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The Labour Party, formerly the Norwegian Labour Party, is a social-democratic political party in Norway. It was the senior partner of the governing Red-Green Coalition from 2005-13, and its leader, Jens Stoltenberg, served as Prime Minister of Norway during that time. The party is currently led by Jonas Gahr Støre.

Eia or EIA may refer to:

SOS Racisme is a movement of NGOs which describe themselves as anti-racist. The oldest chapter of SOS Racisme was founded in 1984 in France, and it has counterparts in several other European countries or regions. Its Norwegian branch, which claimed to be both the largest chapter of SOS Racisme and the largest anti-racist organisation in Europe, was controversial for its strong stalinist stance and for defrauding the government, resulting in the organisation's conviction for fraud and its bankruptcy as well as criminal proceedings against its leaders.

The National Corporate Party was a fascist political party in Ireland founded by General Eoin O'Duffy in June 1935 at a meeting of 500. It split from Fine Gael when O'Duffy was removed as leader of that party, which had been founded by the merger of O'Duffy's Blueshirts, formally known as the National Guard or Army Comrades Association, with Cumann na nGaedheal, and the National Centre Party.

The League against Imperialism and Colonial Oppression was a transnational anti-imperialist organization in the interwar period. It has been referenced as in many texts

The Union of Communist Students is a French student political organization, part of the Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France. It was founded in 1939 but dissolved after World War II. The UEC was re-created in 1956, along with the MJCF. It is independent from the French Communist Party (PCF) although it remains close to it. It maintains exchange contacts with the PCF, in particular on student issues. The UEC is organized in sectors, by university, and is led by a national collective elected during the congress of the MJCF and renewed during the National Assemblies of the facilitators, every year. A national coordination runs the organization, led by its national secretary : Antoine Guerreiro.

Georges Oltramare was a Swiss author and fascist politician who became involved in collaboration in Nazi-occupied France.

The Confédération générale du travail unitaire, or CGTU was a trade union confederation in France that at first included anarcho-syndicalists and soon became aligned with the French Communist Party. It was founded in 1922 as a confederation of radical unions that had left the socialist-dominated General Confederation of Labour (CGT), and in 1936 merged back into the CGT.

The Socialist Party of Greece was a political party in Greece. The party was formed in 1920, as an anti-Comintern minority split away at the second congress of the Socialist Labour Party of Greece. The group that founded the Greek Socialist Party was led by A. Sideris. The party was active in trade unions, and in 1931 the leading party member Dimitris Stratis was elected General Secretary of the General Confederation of Greek Workers (G.S.E.E.).

Yvonne Jospa was a cofounder and leading organizer of the Comité de Défense des Juifs in September 1942 with her husband Hertz Jospa, which saved over 3,000 Jewish children from deportation and death. Yvonne Jaspar was her pseudonym in the Belgian Resistance.

Joseph Douillet was a Belgian diplomat to the Soviet Union, known as the author of Moscou sans Voiles: Neuf ans de travail au pays des Soviets published in 1928. The work heavily criticized Soviet Communism and formed a major influence on Hergé's cartoon book Tintin in the Land of the Soviets.

The French Communist Group was a small organization of French residents in Russia, founded in Moscow in October 1918. One of the founders, Jacques Sadoul, had been a French infantry soldier in Russia during World War I but had joined the Red Army and became an organized communist.

The International Organization of Journalists was an international press workers' organization based in Prague, Czechoslovakia. During the Cold War, it was one of dozen front organizations launched by the Soviet Union in the late 1940s and early 1950s. It was controlled in Prague by the Central Committee of the Czechoslovak Communist Party and with many KGB agents on board was a "long hand" of Moscow.

Falce e Martello was an Italian-language communist weekly newspaper published as the organ of the Communist Party of Switzerland in Ticino.

Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF) is an international organization that professes to work for women's rights, which was established in 1945 and most active during the Cold War. Its initially identified areas of concern included anti-fascism, world peace, child welfare and improving the status of women. During the Cold War era, it was described as Communist-leaning and pro-Soviet. International Day for Protection of Children, observed in many countries as Children's Day on June 1 since 1950, is said to have been established by the Federation on its November 1949 congress in Moscow. The WIDF published a monthly magazine, Women of the Whole World, in English, French, Spanish, German, and Russian, with occasional issues in Arabic.

The International Communist Current (ICC) is a left communist international organisation, headquartered in Paris, France. It was founded in 1975, and has published an international quarterly in English and French from that date. Subsequently, a Spanish edition has also been made available.

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The International Federation of Resistance Fighters – Association of Anti-Fascists also known by its French initials FIR is an organization of veterans of the anti-Axis resistance fighters, partisans, members of the anti-Hitler coalition. During the Cold War, the work of the FIR was closely connected with issues of peace, disarmament, understanding and cooperation of countries of different political systems. The FIR gave the former resistance fighters a voice against the policy of military confrontation and the real threat of war. Member organizations in West and East took numerous initiatives to end the policy of confrontation.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 Durham, Martin; Power, Margaret (2010). New Perspectives on the Transnational Right. Google Books: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 26–31. ISBN 0230115527 . Retrieved 3 February 2017.
↑ Courtois, Stéphane (2007). Dictionnaire du communisme (in French). p. 93. ISBN 978-2035837820.
↑ Pieni Tietosanakirja IV. San Remo - Öölanti. Otava 1928.
1 2 André Lasserre; Brigitte Studer (1996). Sous l'œil de Moscou: le Parti communiste suisse et l'Internationale, 1931-1943. Chronos-Verlag. p. 771. ISBN 978-3-905311-56-3.
↑ Guide to the Hoover Institution Archives. Google Books: Hoover Press. 1980. p. 141. Retrieved 5 July 2015.

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[New_Perspective-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Durham, Martin; Power, Margaret (2010). New Perspectives on the Transnational Right. Google Books: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 26–31. ISBN 0230115527 . Retrieved 3 February 2017.

[2] Courtois, Stéphane (2007). Dictionnaire du communisme (in French). p. 93. ISBN 978-2035837820.

[3] Pieni Tietosanakirja IV. San Remo - Öölanti. Otava 1928.

[LasserreStuder1996-4] 1 2 André Lasserre; Brigitte Studer (1996). Sous l'œil de Moscou: le Parti communiste suisse et l'Internationale, 1931-1943. Chronos-Verlag. p. 771. ISBN 978-3-905311-56-3.

[5] Guide to the Hoover Institution Archives. Google Books: Hoover Press. 1980. p. 141. Retrieved 5 July 2015.