Election of the Provisional Head of the Italian State (June 28, 1946)
After the departure of King Umberto II of Italy (June 13, 1946), the functions of head of state had provisionally exercised by the Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi, to which were entrusted to the beginning of July when, following his election as Provisional Head of State, Enrico De Nicola was sworn in before the Constituent Assembly.
Umberto II was the last King of Italy. He reigned for 34 days, from 9 May 1946 to 12 June 1946, although he had been de facto head of state since 1944, and was nicknamed the May King.
Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi was an Italian statesman who founded the Christian Democracy party.
They should not be considered the presidential elections, as this institution does not yet exist. However, the same De Nicola assumes this title according to the first transitional provision of the Constitution in 1948.
Election of the Provisional Head of the Italian State (June 26, 1947)
Enrico De Nicola submitted his resignation in June 1947, officially for health reasons, but also to regain legitimacy after the annual term of the Constituent Assembly of Italy, to which even his term was tied, had expired.
Enrico De Nicola, was an Italian jurist, journalist, politician, and provisional Head of State of republican Italy from 1946 to 1948. Afterwards, he became the first President of Italy on 1 January 1948.
The Italian Constituent Assembly was a parliamentary chamber which existed in Italy from 25 June 1946 until 31 January 1948. It had the task to write a constitution for the Italian Republic, which had replaced the Kingdom of Italy after the Italian civil war.
Enrico De Nicola, however, was still re-elected as Provisional Head of State; from 1 January 1948 he assumed the title of President of the Italian Republic in accordance with the first final provision of the Constitution of Italy.
The Constitution of the Italian Republic was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 December 1947, with 453 votes in favour and 62 against. The text, which has since been amended 15 times, was promulgated in the extraordinary edition of Gazzetta Ufficiale No. 298 on 27 December 1947. The Constituent Assembly was elected by universal suffrage on 2 June 1946, at the same time as a referendum on the abolition of the monarchy. The Constitution came into force on 1 January 1948, one century after the Statuto Albertino had been enacted. Although the latter remained in force after Benito Mussolini's March on Rome in 1922, it had become devoid of substantive value.
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