JSTOR

Last updated

JSTOR
JSTOR vector logo.svg
Type of site
 Digital library
Available inEnglish (includes content in other languages)
Owner Ithaka Harbors, Inc. [1]
Created by Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Founder(s) William G. Bowen
URL jstor.org
RegistrationYes
Launched1994;29 years ago (1994)
Current statusActive
OCLC  number 46609535
Links
Website www.jstor.org OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Title list(s) support.jstor.org/hc/en-us/articles/115007466248-JSTOR-Title-Lists

JSTOR ( /ˈdʒeɪstɔːr/ ; short for Journal Storage) [2] is a digital library founded in 1994. Originally containing digitized back issues of academic journals, it now encompasses books and other primary sources as well as current issues of journals in the humanities and social sciences. [3] It provides full-text searches of almost 2,000 journals. Most access is by subscription but some of the site is public domain, and open access content is available free of charge. [4]

Contents

History

William G. Bowen, president of Princeton University from 1972 to 1988, [5] founded JSTOR in 1994. JSTOR was originally conceived as a solution to one of the problems faced by libraries, especially research and university libraries, due to the increasing number of academic journals in existence. Most libraries found it prohibitively expensive in terms of cost and space to maintain a comprehensive collection of journals. By digitizing many journal titles, JSTOR allowed libraries to outsource the storage of journals with the confidence that they would remain available long-term. Online access and full-text searchability improved access dramatically.[ citation needed ]

Bowen initially considered using CD-ROMs for distribution. [6] However, Ira Fuchs, Princeton University's vice president for Computing and Information Technology, convinced Bowen that CD-ROM was becoming an increasingly outdated technology and that network distribution could eliminate redundancy and increase accessibility. (For example, all Princeton's administrative and academic buildings were networked by 1989; the student dormitory network was completed in 1994; and campus networks like the one at Princeton were, in turn, linked to larger networks such as BITNET and the Internet.) JSTOR was initiated in 1995 at seven different library sites, and originally encompassed ten economics and history journals. JSTOR access improved based on feedback from its initial sites, and it became a fully searchable index accessible from any ordinary web browser. Special software was put in place to make pictures and graphs clear and readable. [7]

With the success of this limited project, Bowen and Kevin Guthrie, the then-president of JSTOR, wanted to expand the number of participating journals. They met with representatives of the Royal Society of London and an agreement was made to digitize the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society dating from its beginning in 1665. The work of adding these volumes to JSTOR was completed by December 2000. [7] In 1999 JSTOR started a partnership with Joint Information Systems Committee and created a mirror website at the University of Manchester to make the JSTOR database available to over 20 higher education institutions in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. [8]

The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation funded JSTOR initially. Until January 2009, JSTOR operated as an independent, self-sustaining nonprofit organization with offices in New York City and in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Then JSTOR merged with the nonprofit Ithaka Harbors, Inc. [9] —a nonprofit organization founded in 2003 and "dedicated to helping the academic community take full advantage of rapidly advancing information and networking technologies". [1]

In 2019, JSTOR's revenue was $79 million. [10]

Content

JSTOR content is provided by more than 900 publishers. [11] The database contains more than 12 million journal articles, in more than 75 disciplines. [9] Each object is uniquely identified by an integer value, starting at 1 which is used to create a stable URL. [12]

In addition to the main site, the JSTOR labs group operates an open service that allows access to the contents of the archives for the purposes of corpus analysis at its Data for Research service. [13] This site offers a search facility with graphical indication of the article coverage and loose integration into the main JSTOR site. Users may create focused sets of articles and then request a dataset containing word and n-gram frequencies and basic metadata. They are notified when the dataset is ready and may download it in either XML or CSV formats. The service does not offer full-text, although academics may request that from JSTOR, subject to a non-disclosure agreement.[ citation needed ]

JSTOR Plant Science [14] is available in addition to the main site. JSTOR Plant Science provides access to content such as plant type specimens, taxonomic structures, scientific literature, and related materials and aimed at those researching, teaching, or studying botany, biology, ecology, environmental, and conservation studies. The materials on JSTOR Plant Science are contributed through the Global Plants Initiative (GPI) [15] and are accessible only to JSTOR and GPI members. Two partner networks are contributing to this: the African Plants Initiative, which focuses on plants from Africa, and the Latin American Plants Initiative, which contributes plants from Latin America.[ citation needed ]

JSTOR launched its Books at JSTOR program in November 2012, adding 15,000 current and backlist books to its site. The books are linked with reviews and from citations in journal articles. [16]

In September 2014, JSTOR launched JSTOR Daily, an online magazine meant to bring academic research to a broader audience. Posted articles are generally based on JSTOR entries, and some entries provide the backstory to current events. [17]

Reveal Digital is a JSTOR-hosted collection of documents produced by or about underground, marginalized and dissenting 20th century communities. [18] Reveal Digital's open access content includes zines, prison newspapers, AIDS art, student-movement documents, black civil rights materials, and a white supremacy archive. [18]

Access

JSTOR is licensed mainly to academic institutions, public libraries, research institutions, museums, and schools. More than 7,000 institutions in more than 150 countries have access. [3] JSTOR has been running a pilot program of allowing subscribing institutions to provide access to their alumni, in addition to current students and staff. The Alumni Access Program officially launched in January 2013. [19] Individual subscriptions also are available to certain journal titles through the journal publisher. [20] Every year, JSTOR blocks 150 million attempts by non-subscribers to read articles. [21]

Inquiries have been made about the possibility of making JSTOR open access. According to Harvard Law professor Lawrence Lessig, JSTOR had been asked "how much would it cost to make this available to the whole world, how much would we need to pay you? The answer was $250 million". [22]

Aaron Swartz incident

In late 2010 and early 2011, Aaron Swartz, an American computer programmer, writer, political organizer and Internet activist, used MIT's data network to bulk-download a substantial portion of JSTOR's collection of academic journal articles. [23] [24] When the bulk-download was discovered, a video camera was placed in the room to film the mysterious visitor and the relevant computer was left untouched. Once video was captured of the visitor, the download was stopped and Swartz was identified. Rather than pursue a civil lawsuit against him, in June 2011 JSTOR reached a settlement wherein Swartz surrendered the downloaded data. [23] [24]

The following month, federal authorities charged Swartz with several "data theft"-related crimes, including wire fraud, computer fraud, unlawfully obtaining information from a protected computer, and recklessly damaging a protected computer. [25] [26] Prosecutors in the case claimed that Swartz acted with the intention of making the papers available on P2P file-sharing sites. [24] [27]

Swartz surrendered to authorities, pleaded not guilty to all counts, and was released on $100,000 bail. In September 2012, U.S. attorneys increased the number of charges against Swartz from four to thirteen, with a possible penalty of 35 years in prison and $1 million in fines. [28] [29] The case still was pending when Swartz committed suicide in January 2013. [30] Prosecutors dropped the charges after his suicide. [31]

Limitations

The availability of most journals on JSTOR is controlled by a "moving wall", which is an agreed-upon delay between the current volume of the journal and the latest volume available on JSTOR. This time period is specified by agreement between JSTOR and the publisher of the journal, which usually is three to five years. Publishers may request that the period of a "moving wall" be changed or request discontinuation of coverage. Formerly, publishers also could request that the "moving wall" be changed to a "fixed wall"—a specified date after which JSTOR would not add new volumes to its database. As of November 2010, "fixed wall" agreements were still in effect with three publishers of 29 journals made available[ needs update ] online through sites controlled by the publishers. [32]

In 2010, JSTOR started adding current issues of certain journals through its Current Scholarship Program. [33]

Increasing public access

Beginning September 6, 2011, JSTOR made public domain content available at no charge to the public. [34] [35] This "Early Journal Content" program constitutes about 6% of JSTOR's total content, and includes over 500,000 documents from more than 200 journals that were published before 1923 in the United States, and before 1870 in other countries. [34] [35] [36] JSTOR stated that it had been working on making this material free for some time. The Swartz controversy and Greg Maxwell's protest torrent of the same content led JSTOR to "press ahead" with the initiative. [34] [35] As of 2017, JSTOR does not have plans to extend it to other public domain content, stating that "We do not believe that just because something is in the public domain, it can always be provided for free". [37]

In January 2012, JSTOR started a pilot program, "Register & Read", offering limited no-cost access (not open access) to archived articles for individuals who register for the service. At the conclusion of the pilot, in January 2013, JSTOR expanded Register & Read from an initial 76 publishers to include about 1,200 journals from over 700 publishers. [38] Registered readers may read up to six articles online every calendar month, but may not print or download PDFs. [39]

In 2013, more than 8,000 institutions in more than 160 countries had access to JSTOR. [11]

As of 2014, JSTOR is conducting a pilot program with Wikipedia, whereby established editors are given reading privileges through the Wikipedia Library, as with a university library. [40] [41]

Usage

In 2012, JSTOR users performed nearly 152 million searches, with more than 113 million article views and 73.5 million article downloads. [11] JSTOR has been used as a resource for linguistics research to investigate trends in language use over time and also to analyze gender differences and inequities in scholarly publishing, revealing that in certain fields, men predominate in the prestigious first and last author positions and that women are significantly underrepresented as authors of single-authored papers. [42] [43] [44]

JSTOR metadata is available through CrossRef and the Unpaywall dump, [45] which as of 2020 identifies nearly 3 million works hosted by JSTOR as toll access, as opposed to over 200,000 available in open access (mainly through third party open access repositories).[ citation needed ]

See also

Related Research Articles

CiteSeerX is a public search engine and digital library for scientific and academic papers, primarily in the fields of computer and information science.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet Archive</span> American non-profit digital archive

The Internet Archive is an American digital library founded on May 10, 1996 and chaired by free information advocate Brewster Kahle. It provides free access to collections of digitized materials like websites, software applications, music, audiovisual and print materials. The Archive is also an activist organization, advocating a free and open Internet. As of January 1, 2023, the Internet Archive holds more than 36 million print materials, 11.6 million pieces of audiovisual content, 2.5 million software programs, 15 million audio files, 4.5 million images, 251 thousand concerts and over 808 billion web pages in its Wayback Machine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Open access</span> Research publications distributed freely online

Open access (OA) is a set of principles and a range of practices through which research outputs are distributed online, free of access charges or other barriers. Under some models of open access publishing, barriers to copying or reuse are also reduced or removed by applying an open license for copyright.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elsevier</span> Dutch publishing and analytics company

Elsevier is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content. Its products include journals such as The Lancet, Cell, the ScienceDirect collection of electronic journals, Trends, the Current Opinion series, the online citation database Scopus, the SciVal tool for measuring research performance, the ClinicalKey search engine for clinicians, and the ClinicalPath evidence-based cancer care service. Elsevier's products and services include digital tools for data management, instruction, research analytics, and assessment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Google Scholar</span> Academic search service by Google

Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other scholarly literature, including court opinions and patents.

Nature Portfolio is a division of the international scientific publishing company Springer Nature that publishes academic journals, magazines, online databases, and services in science and medicine.

PubMed Central (PMC) is a free digital repository that archives open access full-text scholarly articles that have been published in biomedical and life sciences journals. As one of the major research databases developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), PubMed Central is more than a document repository. Submissions to PMC are indexed and formatted for enhanced metadata, medical ontology, and unique identifiers which enrich the XML structured data for each article. Content within PMC can be linked to other NCBI databases and accessed via Entrez search and retrieval systems, further enhancing the public's ability to discover, read and build upon its biomedical knowledge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aaron Swartz</span> Computer programmer and internet/political activist (1986–2013)

Aaron Hillel Swartz was an American computer programmer, entrepreneur, writer, political organizer, and Internet hacktivist. As a programmer, Swartz helped develop the web feed format RSS; the technical architecture for Creative Commons, an organization dedicated to creating copyright licenses; the website framework web.py; and Markdown, a lightweight markup language format. Swartz was involved in the development of the social news aggregation website Reddit until he departed from the company in 2007. He is often credited as a martyr and a prodigy, and his work focused on civic awareness and activism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Google Books</span> Service from Google

Google Books is a service from Google Inc. that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database. Books are provided either by publishers and authors through the Google Books Partner Program, or by Google's library partners through the Library Project. Additionally, Google has partnered with a number of magazine publishers to digitize their archives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Project MUSE</span> Online database of journals and ebooks

Project MUSE, a non-profit collaboration between libraries and publishers, is an online database of peer-reviewed academic journals and electronic books. Project MUSE contains digital humanities and social science content from over 250 university presses and scholarly societies around the world. It is an aggregator of digital versions of academic journals, all of which are free of digital rights management (DRM). It operates as a third-party acquisition service like EBSCO, JSTOR, OverDrive, and ProQuest.

OverDrive, Inc. is a digital distributor of eBooks, audiobooks, online magazines, and streaming video titles. The company provides digital rights management and download fulfillment services for publishers, libraries, schools, corporations, and book retailers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trove</span> Australian online library database aggregator

Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which it holds partnerships with source providers National and State Libraries Australia, an aggregator and service which includes full text documents, digital images, bibliographic and holdings data of items which are not available digitally, and a free faceted-search engine as a discovery tool.

Academic journal publishing reform is the advocacy for changes in the way academic journals are created and distributed in the age of the Internet and the advent of electronic publishing. Since the rise of the Internet, people have organized campaigns to change the relationships among and between academic authors, their traditional distributors and their readership. Most of the discussion has centered on taking advantage of benefits offered by the Internet's capacity for widespread distribution of reading material.

<i>United States v. Swartz</i> American court case

In United States of America v. Aaron Swartz, Aaron Swartz, an American computer programmer, writer, political organizer and Internet activist, was prosecuted for multiple violations of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 (CFAA), after downloading academic journal articles through the MIT computer network from a source (JSTOR) for which he had an account as a Harvard research fellow. Facing trial and the possibility of imprisonment, Swartz committed suicide, and the case was consequently dismissed.

ReadCube is a technology company developing software for researchers, publishers, academic and commercial organizations. ReadCube's product line includes the reference manager ReadCube Papers, Anywhere Access and custom services for publishers. It is part of the Digital Science's portfolio.

Ithaka Harbors, Inc. is a US nonprofit organization, the parent company of digital library website JSTOR, the digital preservation service Portico, and the research and consulting group Ithaka S+R. Its stated mission is to "help the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways". Ithaka was founded in 2003 by Kevin M. Guthrie. Ithaka's total revenue was $105 million in 2019, most of it from JSTOR service fees.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CORE (research service)</span>

CORE is a service provided by the Knowledge Media Institute based at The Open University, United Kingdom. The goal of the project is to aggregate all open access content distributed across different systems, such as repositories and open access journals, enrich this content using text mining and data mining, and provide free access to it through a set of services. The CORE project also aims to promote open access to scholarly outputs. CORE works closely with digital libraries and institutional repositories.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Library Genesis</span> File-sharing website for print publications

Library Genesis (Libgen) is a file-sharing based shadow library website for scholarly journal articles, academic and general-interest books, images, comics, audiobooks, and magazines. The site enables free access to content that is otherwise paywalled or not digitized elsewhere. Libgen describes itself as a "links aggregator", providing a searchable database of items "collected from publicly available public Internet resources" as well as files uploaded "from users".

Sci-Hub is a shadow library website that provides free access to millions of research papers, without regard to copyright, by bypassing publishers' paywalls in various ways. It does not provide access to books. Sci-Hub was founded in Kazakhstan by Alexandra Elbakyan in 2011, in response to the high cost of research papers behind paywalls. The site is extensively used worldwide. In September 2019, the site's operator(s) said that it served approximately 400,000 requests per day. Sci-Hub has been estimated to contain 95% of all scholarly publications with issued DOI numbers. Sci-Hub reported on 15 July 2022 that its collection comprises 88,343,822 files.

<i>Guerilla Open Access Manifesto</i> Manifesto for radical Open Access

The Guerilla Open Access Manifesto is a document written by Aaron Swartz in 2008 that supports the Open Access movement. The goal of the Open Access movement is to remove barriers and paywalls that may prohibit the general public from accessing scientific research publications. Aaron Swartz, the creator of the Guerilla manifesto, was an activist who fought against the restrictions that were placed on scholarly articles and for the right of all people to have access to scientific research.

References

  1. 1 2 "About". Ithaka. Archived from the original on April 30, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2009.
  2. ↑ Douglas F. Morgan; Marcus D. Ingle; Craig W. Shinn (September 3, 2018). New Public Leadership: Making a Difference from Where We Sit. Routledge. p. 82. ISBN   9780429832918. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved June 3, 2020. JSTOR means journal storage, which is an online service created in 1994 to provide electronic access to an extensive array of academic journals.
  3. 1 2 Genicot, Léopold (February 13, 2012). "At a glance". Études Rurales (PDF) (45): 131–133. JSTOR   20120213.
  4. ↑ "Register and read beta". Archived from the original on October 1, 2013. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  5. ↑ Leitch, Alexander. "Bowen, William Gordon" Archived October 11, 2017, at the Wayback Machine . Princeton University Press.
  6. ↑ Schonfeld, Roger C. (2003). JSTOR: A History . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN   978-0-691-11531-3.
  7. 1 2 Taylor, John (2001). "JSTOR: An Electronic Archive from 1665". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 55 (1): 179–81. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2001.0135. JSTOR   532157. S2CID   72658238.
  8. ↑ Guthrie, Kevin M. (1999). "JSTOR: Large Scale Digitization of Journals in the United States" (pdf). Liber Quarterly. 9 (3): 291. doi: 10.18352/lq.7546 . ISSN   1435-5205. Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021– via DOAJ.
  9. 1 2 "Mission and history". JSTOR. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
  10. ↑ "Form 990 for period ending December 2019" (pdf). Nonprofit Explorer. ProPublica.
  11. 1 2 3 "Annual Summary" (PDF). JSTOR. March 19, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 11, 2013. Retrieved April 13, 2013.
  12. ↑ "Citation Management: Permanently Linking to Content on JSTOR". JSTOR Support. Archived from the original on October 9, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  13. ↑ Data for Research Archived September 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . JSTOR.
  14. ↑ JSTOR Plant Science Archived December 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . JSTOR.
  15. ↑ Global Plants Initiative Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine . JSTOR.
  16. ↑ "A New Chapter Begins: Books at JSTOR Launches". JSTOR. November 12, 2012. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  17. ↑ Lichterman, Joseph. "Opening up the archives: JSTOR wants to tie a library to the news". Nieman Lab . Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  18. 1 2 "Reveal Digital". About JSTOR. Retrieved April 27, 2023.
  19. ↑ "Access for alumni". JSTOR. Archived from the original on November 30, 2012. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  20. ↑ "Individual subscriptions". JSTOR. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  21. ↑ Every Year, JSTOR Turns Away 150 Million Attempts to Read Journal Articles Archived November 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine . The Atlantic. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
  22. ↑ Lessig on "Aaron's Laws—Law and Justice in a Digital Age" Archived March 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine . YouTube (February 20, 2013). Retrieved on 2014-04-12.
  23. 1 2 "JSTOR Statement: Misuse Incident and Criminal Case". JSTOR. July 19, 2011. Archived from the original on January 12, 2013. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  24. 1 2 3 Carter, Zach; Grim, Ryan; Reilly, Ryan J. (January 12, 2013). "Aaron Swartz, Internet Pioneer, Found Dead Amid Prosecutor 'Bullying' In Unconventional Case". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
  25. ↑ Bilton, Nick (July 19, 2011). "Internet activist charged in M.I.T. data theft". Bits Blog, The New York Times website. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  26. ↑ Schwartz, John (July 19, 2011). "Open-Access Advocate Is Arrested for Huge Download". New York Times. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
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  28. ↑ Ortiz, Carmen (July 19, 2011). "Alleged Hacker Charged with Stealing over Four Million Documents from MIT Network". The United States Attorney's Office". Archived from the original on July 24, 2011.
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  30. ↑ "Aaron Swartz, internet freedom activist, dies aged 26" Archived January 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine , BBC News
  31. ↑ "Aaron Swartz's father: He'd be alive today if he was never arrested" Archived July 27, 2020, at the Wayback Machine , money.cnn.com
  32. ↑ "Moving wall". JSTOR. Archived from the original on June 25, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
  33. ↑ "About current journals". JSTOR. Archived from the original on November 26, 2012. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  34. 1 2 3 Brown, Laura (September 7, 2011). "JSTOR–Free Access to Early Journal Content and Serving 'Unaffiliated' Users". JSTOR. Archived from the original on April 5, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  35. 1 2 3 Rapp, David (September 7, 2011). "JSTOR Announces Free Access to 500K Public Domain Journal Articles". Library Journal. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  36. ↑ "Early journal content". JSTOR. Archived from the original on August 6, 2012. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  37. ↑ "About JSTOR: Frequently Asked Questions". JSTOR. Archived from the original on May 11, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
  38. ↑ Tilsley, Alexandra (January 9, 2013). "Journal Archive Opens Up (Some)". Inside Higher Ed . Archived from the original on January 6, 2015. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  39. ↑ "My JSTOR Read Online Free". JSTOR. Archived from the original on March 26, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  40. ↑ Orlowitz, Jake; Earley, Patrick (January 25, 2014). "Librarypedia: The Future of Libraries and Wikipedia". The Digital Shift. Library Journal . Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  41. ↑ Price, Gary (June 22, 2014). "Wikipedia Library Program Expands With More Accounts from JSTOR, Credo, and Other Database Providers". INFOdocket. Library Journal . Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  42. ↑ Shapiro, Fred R. (1998). "A Study in Computer-Assisted Lexicology: Evidence on the Emergence of Hopefully as a Sentence Adverb from the JSTOR Journal Archive and Other Electronic Resources". American Speech. 73 (3): 279–296. doi:10.2307/455826. JSTOR   455826.
  43. ↑ Wilson, Robin (October 22, 2012). "Scholarly Publishing's Gender Gap". The Chronicle of Higher Education . Archived from the original on January 6, 2015. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  44. ↑ West, Jevin D.; Jacquet, Jennifer; King, Molly M.; Correll, Shelley J.; Bergstrom, Carl T. (July 22, 2013). "The Role of Gender in Scholarly Authorship". PLOS ONE. 8 (7): e66212. arXiv: 1211.1759 . Bibcode:2013PLoSO...866212W. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066212 . PMC   3718784 . PMID   23894278.
  45. ↑ Heather (September 14, 2018). "It's time to insist on #openinfrastructure for #openscience". Our Research blog. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2020.

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