Jakkur Bengaluru inscriptions

A view of the Jakkur lake, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, near where the inscriptions were discovered

Jakkur, a suburb in Bengaluru is an old locality that has an historicity of about 700 years. The locality is home to four inscriptions and several hero stones. ^{[1] [2]} The earliest inscriptions of the area can be paleographically dated to 9^th - 10^th century CE. ^[3] These inscriptions also indicate that Jakkur Lake, regarded as one of the biggest lakes of Bangalore, existed as old as seven centuries ago.

Two hero stones, one a self-sacrifice memorial stone from the 14th century and another a Maha-Satistone from the 16th-17th centuries are also found at Jakkur.

Jakkur 1432 CE God Allalanatha inscription

Allalanatha inscription
3D Scanned image of the Allalanatha inscription
Material	Stone
Height	62 cm (24 in)
Symbols	Hanuman, Sudarshana Chakra
Created	1432 (592 years ago) (1432)
Discovered	2021 Jakkur, Bengaluru
Present location	30°04′45″N77°36′27″E / 30.07925000°N 77.60761111°E / 30.07925000; 77.60761111

It is a Kannada inscription which records the donation of a Garuda pillar to an Allalanatha temple in 1432 CE. As the letters of the inscription are worn out, the full inscription cannot be deciphered. ^[4]

Discovery and dating

The inscription was discovered in December 2021 by the side of a road by citizen researchers K R Narasimhan and Dhanpal Manchenahalli. ^[5] Subsequently, the inscription was shifted to nearby ground. It can be precisely dated to April 10 1432 CE according to the Julian calendar as it mentions the date as "jayābhyudaya varuṣa 1354 paridāvi saṃ cayitra su 10".

Transliteration of the inscription

The inscription consists of 9 lines. The transliterated text of the inscription in Kannada and IAST are as follows:

Line Number	Kannada	IAST
1	[ಜ]ಯಾಭ್ಯುದ	[ja]yābhyuda
2	[ಯ ವ] ರುಷ ೧೩೫	[ya va] ruṣa 135
3	(೪) [ಪ] ರಿದಾವಿ ಸಂ	(4) [pa] ridāvi saṃ
4	[ಚ] ಯಿತ್ರ ಸು ೧೦	[ca] yitra su 10
5	ಅಲ್ಲಾಳನಾತ	allāl̤anāta
6	. ಕ . ಸಮುದ್ರ	. ka . samudra
7	೦ಮಿಸಿತ್ತ	ṃmisitta
8	. . ಸೇವೆ	. . sevĕ
9	. . . ಕಂಬ	. . . kaṃba

Jakkur 1000 CE Kalnadu inscription

Jakkur Kalnad inscription
3D Scanned image of The Jakkur 10th century Kalnadu Kannada Inscription
Material	Stone
Height	75 cm (30 inches)
Width	75 cm (30 inches)
Writing	Kannada script
Created	10th century CE
Discovered	2017 Jakkur
Present location	13°04′48″N77°36′37″E / 13.0799726°N 77.6101814°E / 13.0799726; 77.6101814

It is a Kannada inscription paleographically dated to the 10^th century CE that documents the donation of a village to a Sanjayappa, the villages that were donated to the family of martyrs who died protecting the village or the kingdom was called as kalnad/kalnatu. The inscription documents a word "Jakkiyu" which either might be the old name of Jakkur or a substitute word for "Yakshi" name of Jakkur. This inscription was discovered by researchers K. R. Narasimhan and P. L. Udaya Kumar in 2017. ^[6]

Transliteration of the inscription

The inscription is of 6 lines and the transliterated text of the inscription is as follows,

Line Number	Kannada	IAST
1	. . . . . ಮ್ಮಕಲಿಗ ಸ	. . . . . mmakaliga sa
2	. . . . . ಣ್ನನಾಡ ಜಕ್ಕಿಯೂ	. . . . . ṇnanāḍa jakkiyū
3	. . .. . .. ಸಲಗುವ ಸಂಜಪಯ್ಯನುಂ	. . .. . .. salaguva saṃjapayyanuṃ
4	. . . . . ಮೞಿದವಂ ಕವಿಲೆ ಬಾರ	. . . . . maḻidavaṃ kavilĕ bāra
5	. . . . .ೞಿದ೦ ಇ ಕಲ್ನಾಡು ಗುದುರಾ	. . . . .ḻida0 i kalnāḍu gudurā
6	. . . .. . . . ನೆನ್ದಕಮಾಲೆಗೊಟ್ಟ	. . . .. . . . nĕndakamālĕgŏṭṭa

Translation

Kalnadu was given to Sanjapayya of Sunnadu (small country) Jakkur, He who destroyed it the inscription records the curse that Kavile was killed in Varanasi.

Jakkur 10th Century Prashasti inscription

Jakkur Prashasthi inscription
3D Scanned image of The Jakkur 10th century Prashasti Kannada Inscription
Material	Stone
Height	72 cm (28 inches)
Width	108 cm (43 inches)
Writing	Kannada script
Created	10th century CE
Discovered	Jakkur
Present location	13°04′44″N77°36′26″E / 13.0789983°N 77.607214°E / 13.0789983; 77.607214
Language	Kannada

It is a Kannada inscription paleographically dated to the 10th century CE and is a significant epigraphic record found in the village of Jakkur. The inscription records a conflict between Ballavathirayanna, the ruler of Navalakka, and Birudasedeva of Gubetta, it also documents that Jakkuru village belonged to Gangavadi thombattaru savira, an administrative division that came into existence since the Western Gangas. ^{[7] [8]}

Discovery and dating

This inscription was discovered by KR Narasimhan and Dhanapal Manchenahalli which was lying in a field partially buried, subsequently with the cooperation of locals Srikanthappa, Ravigowda, Nagarajappa and Srinivas, it was shifted to KV Bhairegowda Kalamandir. ^[8] The inscription is paleographically dated to the 10^th century CE.

Transliteration of the inscription

The inscription is of 5 lines, and the transliterated text of the inscription in Kannada and IAST is as follows ^[9]

	Kannada	IAST
1	ಮ ದ ಗಾಳಂಗವಾಡಿ ತೊಂಭತ್ತುಸಾಯಿ	. . ma . da gāl̤gaṃgavāḍi tŏṃbhattaṟusāyi
2	ರಮನೇಕ ಛತ್ರಚ್ಛಾಯೆಯೊಳರಸುಗೆಯ್ಯು	ramaneka chatracchāyĕyŏl̤arasugĕyyu
3	ತಿರೆ ಸ್ವಸ್ತಿ ಸಮಸ್ತ ಪ್ರಸಸ್ತಿ ಸಹಿತ ಶ್ರೀ ಮತ್	ttirĕ svasti samasta prasasti sahita śrīmat
4	ನವಲಕ್ಕದಹಳಾಧಿಪತಿಯಪ್ಪ ಬಲ್ಲವ	navalakkadahal̤ādhipatiyappa ballava
5	ತಿರಾಯಂ ಗೊಬೆಟ್ಟದ ಬಿರುದಸೆದೇವನ ಕಾಳೆಗ	tirāyaṃ gŏbĕṭṭada birudasĕdevana kāl̤ĕga

Jakkur 1342 CE Honnamarayanayaka Donation Inscription

Honnamarayanayaka Donation Inscription

Text on the frontal face
Text on the back face
Language	Tamil
Height	143 cm (56 in)
Width	72 cm (28 in)
Discovered place	Jakkur, Bengaluru, Karnataka
Discovered	1905
Present location	13°04′44″N77°36′26″E / 13.07891667°N 77.60725000°E / 13.07891667; 77.60725000
Symbols	Sun, Moon
v t e

It is one of the significant inscriptions that help in constructing the history of Jakkur. It is a Kannada inscription that records the donation of tax-exempt irrigated, rain-fed, pastoral and waste lands of Jakkur belonging to the dominion of Honnamaranayaka, a local feudal lord, to the nad senabhova (ನಾಡ ಸೇನಭೋವ) Allala, nad senabhova were a rank of tax officers responsible for collecting tax of a village. ^[10] The area during the time was ruled by the Hoysala king Veeraballala III from his capital, Unnamale pattana, the historical name of Tiruvannamalai in Tamil Nadu. ^[11] The symbols of sun and moon engraved on the stone indicates the eternity of the donation, common representation in historical indian motifs The inscription also mentions several unique ranks in the administration of the time, mahapasayita ( kan ಮಹಾಪಸಾಯಿತ), officer close to the king and responsible for managing palace affairs, Yakkatiga ( kan ಯಕ್ಕಟಿಗ), special bodyguards to the king. ^{[12] [13]}

Discovery and dating

The inscription was first documented in Volume 9 of Epigraphia carnatica by B.L Rice, subsequently it was re-discovered by historians in 2017. The inscription can be precisely dated to October 5, 1342 CE according to the Julian calendar as the corresponding date from the Hindu calendar is mentioned.

Transliteration of the inscription

The text reads as follows ^[14]

Line Number	Kannada	IAST
	(ಮುಂಭಾಗ)	(Front Side)
1	ಸ್ವಸ್ತಿ ಶ್ರೀ ಶಕಾಬ್ದ ೧೨೬೫ ನೆಯ	svasti śrī śakābda 1265 nĕya
2	ಚಿತ್ರಭಾನು ಸಂ| ಆಶ್ವೀಜ ಶು೫	citrabhānu saṃ| āśvīja śu5
3	ಬ್ರ | ಶ್ರೀಮತು ಪ್ರತಾಪ ಚ್ಚಕ್ರವ	bra | śrīmatu pratāpa ccakrava
4	ರ್ತ್ತಿ ಶ್ರೀ ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ ವೀರಬಲ್ಲಾಳ	rtti śrī hŏysal̤a vīraballāl̤a
5	ದೇವರಸರು ಉಣ್ಣಾಮಲೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣ	devarasaru uṇṇāmalĕ paṭṭaṇa
6	ದಂ ಪೃಥ್ವಿರಾಜ್ಯಂಗೆ ಯ್ವುತ್ತಿರ	daṃ pṛthvirājyaṃgĕ yvuttira
7	ಲು ಶ್ರೀ ಮನುಮಹಾ ಎಲಹ್ಕನಾಡ	lu śrī manumahā ĕlahkanāḍa
8	ಸಮಸ್ತ ಪ್ರಜೆಗವುಂಡುಗಳೂ	samasta prajĕgavuṃḍugal̤ū
9	ಮನುಮಹಾ ಸಾವಂತಾಧಿಪ	manumahā sāvaṃtādhipa
10	ತಿ ಮೀಸೆಯರ ಗಂಡ ಚಿಕ್ಕಬಯಿ	ti mīsĕyara gaṃḍa cikkabayi
11	ರಯನಾಯ್ಕನ ಮಗ ಹೊಂನಮಾರಯ	rayanāykana maga hŏṃnamāraya
12	ನಾಯ್ಕನೂ ನಾಡಸೇನಬೊವ ಅಲ್ಲಾಳರಿಗೆ	nāykanū nāḍasenabŏva allāl̤arigĕ
13	ಶಿಲಾಶಾಸನವ ಮಾಡಿಕೊಟ್ಟ ಕ್ರಮ	śilāśāsanava māḍikŏṭṭa krama
14	ವೆಂತೆಂದಡೆ ಯಿ ನಾಡೊಳಗಣ	vĕṃtĕṃdaḍĕ yi nāḍŏl̤agaṇa
	(ಹಿಂಭಾಗ)	(Back Side)
15	ಜಕ್ಕೂರ ಗದ್ದೆ ಬೆದ್ದಲು . .	jakkūra gaddĕ bĕddalu . .
16	ಪಗೆಮಾಳ ವೊಳಗಾದ ಚ	pagĕmāl̤a vŏl̤agāda ca
17	ತು ಸೀಮೆ ಏನುಳ್ಳದನೂ ಸ	tu sīmĕ enul̤l̤adanū sa
18	ರ್ವಮಾನ್ಯದ ಕೊಡಗಿಯಾ	rvamānyada kŏḍagiyā
19	ಗಿ ಚಂದ್ರಾದಿತ್ಯರುಳ್ಳಂನ	gi caṃdrādityarul̤l̤aṃna
20	ಬರ ಸಲುವಂತಾಗಿ ಶಿಲಾ	bara saluvaṃtāgi śilā
21	ಶಾಸನವ ಮಾಡಿಕೊಟ್ಟರು	śāsanava māḍikŏṭṭaru
22	ಮಂಗಳ ಮಹಶ್ರೀ	maṃgal̤a mahaśrī

Gallery

Inscriptions and Herostones of Jakkur

• 
  Jakkur Herostone
• 
  Jakkur 16th century Sati stone
• 
  Jakkur 1342CE Honnamaraya nayka Kannada Inscription
• 
  Jakkur 10th century Prashasti Kannada Inscription
• 
  Ruins of the destroyed Shaiva temple at Jakkur
• 
  3D scanning of the Jakkur 1432CE Allalanatha pillar Inscription
• 
  Jakkur 10th century Kalnadu Kannada Inscription
• 
  Jakkur 10th century memorial stone
• 
  Digital image obtained by 3D scanning of the Jakkur 16th-century Sati stone.
• 
  3D scanned image of the Jakkur 10th century memorial stone

See also

• Indian inscription
• Kannada inscription
• History of Bangalore

References

1. "A hunt for Bengaluru's forgotten inscription stones is tracing the history of Kannada and the city". 30 April 2018.
2. "Hoysala Era Inscription Found in Jakkur". 29 December 2017.
3. "Tracing Local History through Inscriptions".
4. The Mythic Society. ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ಇತಿಹಾಸ ವೈಭವ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 2021 ಸಂಚಿಕೆ 2 ಜಕ್ಕೂರು.
5. "BMTC driver's curiosity leads to discovery of hidden temple built in 1539 AD in Bengaluru". International Business Times . 13 January 2018.
6. The Mythic Society. ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ಇತಿಹಾಸ ವೈಭವ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 2021 ಸಂಚಿಕೆ 2 ಜಕ್ಕೂರು.
7. The Mythic Society. ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ಇತಿಹಾಸ ವೈಭವ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 2021 ಸಂಚಿಕೆ 2 ಜಕ್ಕೂರು.
8. Narasimhan, K. R. (2018). "Bengalurina haagu Nagavarada Aprakatitha Shasanagalu" [Unpublished Self-Sacrifice Sculptures and Other New Finds] (in Kannada). ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಅಕಾದೆಮಿ.
9. ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ಇತಿಹಾಸ ವೈಭವ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 2021 ಸಂಚಿಕೆ 2 ಜಕ್ಕೂರು [Jakkur 10th Century Kalnadu Inscription] (in Kannada). Bengaluru, India: The Mythic Society. December 2021. ISBN   978-81-954980-8-6.
10. Sircar, Dineschandra (1966). Indian epigraphical glossary. Robarts - University of Toronto. Delhi Motilal Banarsidass.
11. The Mythic Society. ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ಇತಿಹಾಸ ವೈಭವ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 2021 ಸಂಚಿಕೆ 2 ಜಕ್ಕೂರು.
12. The Mythic Society. ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ಇತಿಹಾಸ ವೈಭವ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 2021 ಸಂಚಿಕೆ 2 ಜಕ್ಕೂರು.
13. Mysore. Dept. of Archaeology; Rice, B. Lewis (Benjamin Lewis); Narasimhacharya, Ramanujapuram Anandan-pillai (1894). Epigraphia carnatica. By B. Lewis Rice, Director of Archaeological Researches in Mysore. Robarts - University of Toronto. Bangalore Mysore Govt. Central Press.
14. Mysore. Dept. of Archaeology; Rice, B. Lewis (Benjamin Lewis); Narasimhacharya, Ramanujapuram Anandan-pillai (1894). Epigraphia carnatica. By B. Lewis Rice, Director of Archaeological Researches in Mysore. Robarts - University of Toronto. Bangalore Mysore Govt. Central Press.