Jiang (rank)

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Jiang
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese 將
Simplified Chinese 将

Under the rank system in place in the PLA in the era 1955–1965, there existed the rank of dajiang (Chinese :大将; lit.'Grand commander'). This rank was awarded to 10 of the veteran leaders of the PLA in 1955 and never conferred again. It was considered equivalent to the Soviet rank of army general. The decision to name the equivalent rank yiji shangjiang (Chinese :一级上将; lit.'Upper commander first class') when it was briefly re-established in 1988-1994 was likely due to a desire to keep the rank of dajiang an honorary one awarded after a war, much as General of the Armies in the United States Army. It was offered to Deng Xiaoping who declined the new rank. Thus it was never conferred and scrapped in 1994.

Republic of China Armed Forces

Rank groupGeneral/flag officers
Chinese 一級上將二級上將中將少將
Pinyin Yiji shangjiangErji shangjiangZhongjiangShaojiang
Literal translationFirst class upper commanderSecond class upper commanderMiddle commanderLower commander
Flag of the Republic of China Army.svg  Republic of China Army [2] Taiwan-army-OF-9b.svg Taiwan-army-OF-9a.svg Taiwan-army-OF-8.svg Taiwan-army-OF-7.svg
Translation [3] Full general General Lieutenant general Major general
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Republic of China Navy [2] Taiwan-Navy-OF-9b-Shoulder.svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-9-Sleeve.svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-9a-Shoulder.svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-9-Sleeve.svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-8-Shoulder.svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-8-Sleeve.svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-7-Shoulder.svg Taiwan-Navy-OF-7-Sleeve.svg
Translation [3] Full admiral Admiral Vice admiral Rear admiral
Flag of the Republic of China Air Force.svg  Republic of China Air Force [2] Taiwan-airforce-OF-9b.svg Taiwan-airforce-OF-9a.svg Taiwan-airforce-OF-8.svg Taiwan-airforce-OF-7.svg
Translation [3] Full general General Lieutenant general Major general
Flag of the Republic of China Marine Corps.svg  Republic of China Marine Corps [2] Taiwan-Marine-OF-9a.svg Taiwan-Marine-OF-8.svg Taiwan-Marine-OF-7.svg
Translation [3] General Lieutenant general Major general
一級上將
Yiji shangjiang		二級上將
Erji shangjiang		中將
Zhongjiang		少將
Shaojiang
Rank groupGeneral/flag officers

Japanese variant

The same rank names are used for all services, prefixed by riku (Japanese : 陸, lit.  'land'), kai (Japanese : 海, lit.  'sea') or kū (Japanese : 空, lit.  'air'). The rank insignia of the Bakuryōchō-taru-shō was enacted on December 1, 1962, and before that, it was the same three-star as other Shō.

Rank groupGeneral/flag officers
Japanese幕僚長たる将将将補
Romanization Bakuryōchō-taru-shōShōShō-ho
Literal translation Commander serving as Chief of staff CommanderSupplementary commander
Flag of JSDF.svg  Japanese Army [4] JGSDF General insignia (b).svg JGSDF Lieutenant General insignia (b).svg JGSDF Major General insignia (b).svg
U.S. equivalent [5] General Lieutenant general Major general
Naval Ensign of Japan.svg  Japanese Navy [4] JMSDF Admiral insignia (b).svg Japan-Navy-OF-9.svg JMSDF Vice Admiral insignia (b).svg Japan-Navy-OF-8.svg JMSDF Rear Admiral insignia (b).svg Japan-Navy-OF-7.svg
U.S. equivalent [5] Admiral Vice admiral Rear admiral
Flag of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force.svg  Japanese Air Force [4] JASDF General insignia (b).svg JASDF Lieutenant General insignia (b).svg JASDF Major General insignia (b).svg
U.S. equivalent [5] General Lieutenant general Major general
幕僚長たる将
Bakuryōchō-taru-shō		将
Shō		将補
Shō-ho
Rank groupGeneral/flag officers

Korean variant

大將
上將中將少將
Literal translationGrand generalUpper generalMiddle generalLower general
Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam People's Ground Force [9] Vietnam People's Army General.png Vietnam People's Army Colonel General.png Vietnam People's Army Lieutenant General.png Vietnam People's Army Major General.png
Translation [10] Grand general Colonel general Lieutenant general Major general
Flag of the Vietnam People's Air Force.svg  Vietnam People's Air Force [9] Vietnam People's Air Force Colonel General.png Vietnam People's Air Force Lieutenant General.png Vietnam People's Air Force Major General.png
Translation [10] Colonel generalLieutenant generalMajor general
Native nameĐại tướngThượng tướngTrung tướngThiếu tướng
Rank groupGeneral/flag officers

South Vietnamese variant

Rank groupGeneral/flag officers
Vietnamese Thống tướngĐại tướngTrung tướngThiếu tướngChuẩn tướng
Chữ Hán 通將大將中將少將準將
Literal translationMaster generalGrand generalMiddle generalLower generalStanard general
Flag of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam.svg  Army of the Republic of Vietnam
(1964-1975) [11] 		B ARVN-OF-10.svg B ARVN-OF-9.svg B ARVN-OF-8.svg B ARVN-OF-7.svg B ARVN-OF-6.svg
Rank groupGeneral/flag officers

See also

Related Research Articles

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Rank comparison chart of air forces of Asian states.

Rank comparison chart of navies of Asian states.

Rank comparison chart of air forces of Asian states.

Rank comparison chart of navies of Asian states.

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Rank comparison of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel for air forces of African states.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Ping, Xu (7 August 2017). "我军建军九十年军衔制度沿革" [The evolution of our military rank system over the ninety years of its establishment]. mod.gov.cn (in Chinese). Ministry of National Defense. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Lùhǎikōng jūnfú zhì tiáolì fù tú" 陸海空軍服制條例附圖 [Drawings of the Uniform Regulations of the Army, Navy and Air Force](PDF). Gazette of the Presidential Palace (6769): 65–67. 7 November 1996. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Ministry of National Defense (4 December 2019). "Act of Commission for Officers and Noncommissioned Officers of the Armed Forces". law.moj.gov.tw. Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 "自衛官の階級" [Self-Defense Forces rank]. mod.go.jp (in Japanese). Japanese Ministry of Defense. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 Dolan, Ronald E. (1999). "National Security". In Worden, Robert L. (ed.). Japan: a country study. Area Handbook (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. 449. LCCN   91029874 . Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  6. 1 2 3 Minnich, James M. (2008). "National Security". In Worden, Robert L. (ed.). North Korea: a country study. Area Handbook (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. 266, 268. LCCN   2008028547 . Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  7. ↑ "gyegeubjang-ui jesig(je7joje2hang gwanlyeon)" 계급장의 제식(제7조제2항 관련) [Rank insignia (related to Article 7 (2))]. law.go.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  8. 1 2 3 Katz, Rodney P. (1992). "National Security". In Savada, Andrea Matles; Shaw, William (eds.). South Korea: a country study. Area Handbook (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. 292. LCCN   91039109 . Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  9. 1 2 "Quy định quân hiệu, cấp hiệu, phù hiệu và lễ phục của Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam". mod.gov.vn (in Vietnamese). Ministry of Defence (Vietnam). 26 August 2009. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  10. 1 2 Pike, Douglas (1989). "National Security". In Cima, Ronald J. (ed.). Vietnam: a country study. Area Handbook (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. 256. LCCN   88600482 . Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  11. ↑ Armed Forces Information and Education (1968). Uniforms of Seven Allies (DOD GEN-30). Department of Defense. pp. 26–28. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
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