Johan Ludwig Mowinckel | |
---|---|
![]() Mowinckel in 1924. | |
16th Prime Minister of Norway | |
In office 3 March 1933 –20 March 1935 | |
Monarch | Haakon VII |
Preceded by | Jens Hundseid |
Succeeded by | Johan Nygaardsvold |
In office 15 February 1928 –12 May 1931 | |
Monarch | Haakon VII |
Preceded by | Christopher Hornsrud |
Succeeded by | Peder Kolstad |
In office 25 July 1924 –5 March 1926 | |
Monarch | Haakon VII |
Preceded by | Abraham Berge |
Succeeded by | Ivar Lykke |
Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
In office 3 March 1933 –20 March 1935 | |
Prime Minister | Himself |
Preceded by | Birger Braadland |
Succeeded by | Halvdan Koht |
In office 15 February 1928 –12 May 1931 | |
Prime Minister | Himself |
Preceded by | Edvard Bull,Sr. |
Succeeded by | Birger Braadland |
In office 25 July 1924 –5 March 1926 | |
Prime Minister | Himself |
Preceded by | Christian F. Michelet |
Succeeded by | Ivar Lykke |
In office 31 May 1922 –6 March 1923 | |
Prime Minister | Otto Blehr |
Preceded by | Arnold C. Ræstad |
Succeeded by | Christian F. Michelet |
President of the Storting | |
In office 1 January 1916 –31 December 1918 | |
Monarch | Haakon VII |
Prime Minister | Gunnar Knudsen |
Preceded by | Jørgen Løvland Søren Tobias Årstad Gunnar Knudsen |
Succeeded by | Gunnar Knudsen Ivar Lykke Anders Buen Ivar P. Tveiten Otto B. Halvorsen |
Minister of Trade | |
In office 22 June 1921 –20 October 1922 | |
Prime Minister | Otto Blehr |
Preceded by | Gerdt Bruun |
Succeeded by | Lars Oftedal |
Mayor of Bergen | |
In office 1 January 1902 –31 December 1906 | |
Preceded by | Christian M. Kahrs |
Succeeded by | Carl V. E. Geelmuyden |
In office 1 January 1911 –31 December 1913 | |
Preceded by | Carl V. E. Geelmuyden |
Succeeded by | Carl V. E. Geelmuyden |
Member of the Norwegian Parliament | |
In office 1 January 1906 –9 April 1940 | |
Constituency | Hordaland |
Leader of the Liberal Party | |
In office 1927–1940 | |
Preceded by | Gunnar Knudsen |
Succeeded by | Jacob S. Worm-Müller (1945) |
Personal details | |
Born | Bergen,Hordaland,United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway | 22 October 1870
Died | 30 September 1943 72) New York,United States | (aged
Nationality | Norwegian |
Political party | Liberal |
Spouse(s) | Augusta Mohr |
Children | 11 |
Profession | Ship-owner |
Johan Ludwig Mowinckel(22 October 1870 –30 September 1943) was a Norwegian statesman,shipping magnate and philanthropist. He served as the 16th prime minister of Norway during three separate terms. [1]
Johan Ludwig Mowinckel was born in Bergen,Norway. His parents were Johan Anton Wilhelm Mohr Mowinckel (1843–1918) and Edvardine Magdalene Margrethe Müller (1851–71). His father was a merchant and a member of one of Bergen's old merchant families. He was educated at University of Oslo,graduating in 1889. After graduation,he traveled abroad to Bremen and London to better learn the business of shipping. In 1893 he returned to Bergen and joined the offices of Christian Michelsen. In 1912,he became the founder and principal in the joint-stock shipping company,A/S J. Ludwig Mowinckels Rederi. He was also involved in founding the Norwegian America Line. [2]
Mowinckel entered public service in Bergen where he became Chairman of the local branch of the Liberal Party (Bergens Venstreforening) . He was elected to the Bergen City Council in 1899 and subsequently mayor of Bergen 1902-1906 and 1911–1913. In 1906,he became Member of Parliament (Storting) for the Liberal party representing Bergen during 1906-1909 and 1913–1918. He became President of the Storting in 1916. He was voted out of office in the 1918 elections.
During the period between World War I and 1935 he remained active in national politics. In 1921 Mowinckel was re-elected to the Storting. He served as Minister of Trade in 1921-1922 and Foreign Minister in 1922–1923. Mowinckel was Norway's Prime Minister during three periods in office;1924–1926,1928-1931 and 1933–1935. These were all periods dominated by economic and fiscal crisis. In 1930 Mowinckel initiated the Oslo Convention on customs cooperation between Norway,Denmark and the Benelux countries,to prevent higher customs walls. [3] [4]
In 1925 he became a member of the Nobel Peace Prize Committee. Mowinckel took the initiative during the Oslo Convention (Oslokonvensjonen) of 1930 to encourage free trade between the nations of the Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union and Nordic countries,anticipating postwar efforts toward the formation of the European Union. He also took an active interest in the League of Nations,serving on the council and becoming president in 1933. In September 1933,Ukrainian public figures appealed to Johan Ludwig Mowinckel as the Head of the Council of the League of Nations with the request to consider the question of the man-made famine in Ukraine (Milena Rudnytska,Oleksander Shulhyn,Ukrainian Public Committee for Saving Ukraine. Also,Margery Corbett Ashby,the head of International Women's Alliance,appealed to him. He kept his word - he included the issue of the Holodomor to the 76th session of the Council of the League of Nations in spite of the resistance of the representatives of some European countries. The discussion of the causes and circumstances of the famine in Ukraine lasted for several hours,but the resolution was not adopted. The delegations of France and Great Britain were against it. He explained his decision by the fact that the "lives of millions" dead of starvation did not allow him to remain silent. He was personally acquainted with Norwegian traveler and public figure Fridtjof Nansen,who in 1932-1933 organized the aid to the Ukrainian farmers. On 20 October 1933,M. Danko,the correspondent of Lviv newspaper "Dilo," wrote that Mowinckel "will remain in the history of the Ukrainian struggles in Europe." Children from the Ukrainian community of Czech city of Podebrady (Czecho-Slovakia) thanked Johan Ludwig Mowinckel for his humanistic position regarding the protection of the starving people in Ukraine. On 16 November 1933,he sent a warm response with the gratitude for the attention. He condemned the menace of Nazi philosophy,and when Germany overran Norway in 1940 he followed the Norwegian Government-in-exile to London. In 1942,Johan Ludwig Mowinckel came to the United States and was engaged with Nortraship,the state-owned Norwegian shipping company during World War II. He died on 30 September 1943 in New York City. [5] [6] [1] [7]
Posthumously,a new library building at the University of Bergen was dedicated to Johan Ludvig Mowinckel and had its official opening ceremony,in the presence of His Royal Majesty King Olav V,on 13 September 1961. [3] [8] [9]
Hilmar August Reksten was a Norwegian shipping magnate. In the autumn of 1973 he was counted among the world's richest men,possessing a fleet worth about £300,000,000. At his death in 1980,all was lost;he left behind a debt of about £100,000,000.
Bergen Cathedral School is an upper secondary school in Bergen,Norway. Located in the city centre,next to Bergen Cathedral,the school has about 850 students,95 full-time teachers,and 5 administration personnel,including the headmaster,Lise Hårklau Holsen.
Walter Scott Dahl was a Norwegian jurist and member of the Norwegian Parliament with the Liberal Party.
Arne Toralf Sunde was a Norwegian politician,Olympic shooter and army officer. He is best known for his participation in the 1940 Norwegian Campaign,his participation in Nygaardsvold's Cabinet during its 1940–1945 exile in London and three years as a United Nations ambassador. Sunde was President of the United Nations Security Council in June 1949 and July 1950.
Atle Thowsen is a historian and the Director of the Bergen Maritime Museum and served as president of the International Commission for Maritime History from 2000 to 2005.
Events in the year 1943 in Norway.
Det Norske Teatret is a theatre in Oslo. The theatre was founded in 1912,after an initiative from Hulda Garborg and Edvard Drabløs. It opened in 1913,touring with two plays,Ervingen by Ivar Aasen and Rationelt Fjøsstell by Hulda Garborg. Its first official performance was Ludvig Holberg's comedy Jeppe påberget,with Haakon VII of Norway and the prime minister of Norway among the spectators. Hulda Garborg was the first board manager,and Rasmus Rasmussen was the first theatre director. The theatre primarily performs plays written in or translated into Nynorsk.
Events in the year 1934 in Norway.
Events in the year 1931 in Norway.
Events in the year 1933 in Norway.
Events in the year 1992 in Norway.
Events in the year 1870 in Norway.
Tim Greve was a Norwegian historian,biographer,civil servant,diplomat and newspaper editor.
Sverre Steen was a Norwegian historian and professor at the University of Oslo from 1938 to 1965. He served as president of the Norwegian Historical Association from 1936 to 1947
Agnes Mowinckel was a Norwegian actress and theatre director. Born in Bergen into a distinguished family,she became Norway's first professional stage director. A pioneer in bringing painters to the theatre,she used light as an artistic element,and engaged contemporary composers. She took part in theatrical experiments,worked at small stages in Oslo,and founded her own theatre.
Johan Ernst Mowinckel was a Norwegian merchant and consul from Bergen,and one of the leading persons of the city. He was the great grandfather of Prime minister Johan Ludwig Mowinckel and to actress Agnes Mowinckel. Mowinckel established the grocery Mowinckel &Co. Among the company's business activities was export of fish and import of corn and salt.
Einar Falck was a Norwegian businessperson.
Arnt Jacobsen Mørland was a Norwegian ship-owner,resistance member,and politician for the Christian Democratic Party.
MS Ravnaas was a Norwegian cargo ship built in 1931,and sunk by Japanese aircraft in the Pacific Ocean in December 1941.
Events in the year 1759 in Norway.