John Christie CH MC (14 December 1882 – 4 July 1962) was an English landowner and theatrical producer. He was the founder of the Glyndebourne Opera House and the Glyndebourne Festival Opera at his home at Glyndebourne, near Lewes in Sussex in 1934.
Born to a wealthy landed family in Eggesford, Devon, Christie was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge, later spending seven years at Eton as a master. His grandfather was William Langham Christie. [1] He served in the trenches in the First World War with the King's Royal Rifle Corps, despite partial blindness, [2] was awarded the Military Cross, and reached the rank of captain. Having been given the Glyndebourne Estate for his own use he began to develop local enterprises there from 1920 onwards: in 1923, he acquired the famous organbuilding company of William Hill & Son & Norman & Beard Ltd., which had come into being around 1916 with the progressive merging of its two constituent firms. The firm remained in Christie ownership until its demise in the 1990s.
In 1931 he married the Canadian soprano Audrey Mildmay, and together they planned to build an opera theatre as an annex to the main house. This was completed in 1934 [3] and the first season, which featured Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro and Così fan tutte , conducted by Fritz Busch, was an immediate success.
In succeeding years Christie continued to finance the Glyndebourne Festival Opera himself [4] but after World War II, during which the opera season was suspended, the costs became harder to bear. Eventually however he succeeded in getting commercial sponsorship, placing the Festival on a sound footing and enabling him to aspire to the highest artistic standards. [5]
In 1954 John Christie was made a Companion of Honour for his achievement at Glyndebourne.
He died at Glyndebourne in 1962. After Christie's death, the festival was taken over by his son, Sir George Christie, and subsequently by his grandson Gus Christie. [5] Like his father, Sir George was also made a Companion of Honour for his work at Glyndebourne. John's founding of Glyndebourne is the subject of the 2015 biographical play The Moderate Soprano by David Hare.
Glyndebourne is an English country house, the site of an opera house that, since 1934, has been the venue for the annual Glyndebourne Festival Opera. The house, located near Lewes in East Sussex, England, is thought to be about six hundred years old and listed at grade II.
Glyndebourne Festival Opera is an annual opera festival held at Glyndebourne, an English country house near Lewes, in East Sussex, England.
Maria Louise Ewing was an American opera singer. In the early part of her career she performed solely as a lyric mezzo-soprano; she later assumed full soprano parts as well. Her signature roles were Blanche, Carmen, Dorabella, Rosina and Salome. Some critics regarded her as one of the most compelling singing actresses of her generation.
Fritz Busch was a German conductor.
Patrick Cairns "Spike" Hughes was a British musician, composer and arranger involved in the worlds of classical music and jazz. He has been called Britain's earliest jazz composer. Later in his career, he became better known as a broadcaster and humorous author.
Wilfrid Jasper Walter Blunt was an art teacher, author, artist and curator of the Watts Gallery at Compton, Surrey (1959–83).
Carl Anton Charles Ebert, was an actor, stage director and arts administrator.
Julian John Somerset Hope, 2nd Baron Glendevon was a British opera producer and nobleman.
Adam Birtwistle is a British artist whose idiosyncratic portraits of composers and musicians are represented in the National Portrait Gallery.
Tatiana Menotti was an Italian operatic soprano. Born to Italian baritone Delfino Menotti and his Russian wife in Boston, Massachusetts, Menotti grew up in Trieste. In 1936, she sang the role of Despina in Così fan tutte at Glyndebourne. For 25 years she was a principal artist at La Scala in Milan. She stopped her career in 1957 in order to support her husband, the Spanish tenor Juan Oncina. She died in Barcelona following an intracranial hemorrhage.
Grace Audrey Laura St John-Mildmay was an English and Canadian soprano and co-founder, with her husband, John Christie, of Glyndebourne Festival Opera. The Canadian Encyclopedia describes her voice "as a light lyric soprano employed with much charm."
This is a list of the operas performed by Glyndebourne Festival Opera during the music directorship (1934-1951) of Fritz Busch. Operas performed at venues other than Glyndebourne by Glyndebourne forces are also included, as are operas performed at Glyndebourne by other companies.
Peter Ebert was a German opera director. Son of noted German director Carl Ebert who left Nazi Germany in 1934 with his son and moved to England, he was best known for his work with Glyndebourne Opera and the Scottish Opera where he staged over 50 productions from 1963 to 1980 and which brought him great success.
This is a list of the operas performed by Glyndebourne Festival Opera during the music directorship (1952-1963) of Vittorio Gui. Operas performed by Glyndebourne forces at venues other than Glyndebourne are also included.
Sir George William Langham Christie was a British opera administrator, long affiliated with Glyndebourne Opera. He was the son of John Christie and Audrey Mildmay.
The Moderate Soprano is a 2015 play by the British playwright David Hare. It is a historical play dealing with John Christie, his founding of Glyndebourne Opera and his romance and marriage with Audrey Mildmay, the eponymous soprano.
Irene Eisinger was a German and British opera singer and film actress. Her career was closely linked to the foundation and the early years of the Glyndebourne Festival Opera.
Moran Victor Hingston Caplat, CBE was an English opera manager, associated throughout his career with Glyndebourne Festival Opera.
Luise Helletsgruber was an Austrian operatic soprano, who performed at the Vienna State Opera, the Salzburg Festival and the Glyndebourne Festival Opera.
Glyndebourne Festival Opera: A Gala Evening was a 111-minute concert staged by Glyndebourne Festival Opera on 24 July 1992, performed by Kim Begley, Montserrat Caballé, Cynthia Haymon, Felicity Lott, Benjamin Luxon, Ruggero Raimondi and Frederica von Stade with the Glyndebourne Festival Chorus and the London Philharmonic Orchestra under the direction of Sir Andrew Davis and Sir Bernard Haitink. It was televised in the United Kingdom by the BBC and released on VHS Videocassette by Kultur Video and on DVD by Image Entertainment, Arthaus Musik and Geneon.