Josephine County, Oregon

Josephine County
County
From clockwise: Josephine County Courthouse, the "It's the Climate" banner in downtown Grants Pass, Miller's Chapel in the Oregon Caves National Monument, the Rogue River from Hellgate Canyon, Illinois River Forks State Park
Location within the U.S. state of Oregon
Oregon's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 42°22′N123°34′W / 42.36°N 123.56°W / 42.36; -123.56
Country	United States
State	Oregon
Founded	January 22, 1856
Named for	Virginia “Josephine” Rollins
Seat	Grants Pass
Largest city	Grants Pass
Area
• Total	1,642 sq mi (4,250 km2)
• Land	1,640 sq mi (4,200 km2)
• Water	2.2 sq mi (6 km2)  0.1%
Population  (2020)
• Total	88,090
• Estimate  (2023)	87,821
• Density	50/sq mi (20/km2)
Time zone	UTC−8 (Pacific)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−7 (PDT)
Congressional district	2nd
Website	josephinecounty.gov

Josephine County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 88,090. ^[1] The county seat is Grants Pass. ^[2] The county is named after Virginia Josephine Rollins (1834-1912), a settler who was the first white woman to live in the county's boundaries. Josephine County comprises the Grants Pass, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Medford-Grants Pass, OR Combined Statistical Area.

History

The discovery of rich placers at Sailor Diggings (later known as Waldo) in 1852 and the resulting gold rush brought the first settlers to this region. Several U.S. Army forts were maintained in the county and many engagements during the Rogue River Indian War (1855–1858) took place within its boundaries. In 1851, a group of prospectors moved to the Illinois Valley and made the first discovery of gold in Southern Oregon. In this group was Floyd Rollins and his daughter, Josephine Rollins Ort, after whom the county is named. ^[3] On January 22, 1856, a bill was passed by the territorial legislature separating what is now Josephine County from Jackson County. The bill made Sailor Diggings (later known as Waldo) the county seat. ^[4] It was the nineteenth, and last, county created before statehood.^{[ citation needed ]}

In 1885, the county seat was relocated to Kerby, where the county's first jail was built. ^[5] In 1885, the Oregon Legislature adjusted the boundary between Jackson and Josephine County, making Grants Pass a part of Josephine County. This was done primarily to have a railroad head within the new county. ^[6] In June 1886 the voters of Josephine County considered three towns for the new county seat. These were: Kerby, Wilderville and Grants Pass. Grants Pass won with 116 votes out of the 716 ballots cast. ^{[6] [7]}

In the 1920s, the county improved its tourist facilities. ^[8] In 1922, the Grants Pass Cavemen booster club was created, where members dressed in furs and wielded clubs at events. Events organized by the club ranged from simply blocking traffic, to bidding on the construction of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge (at a cost of 23,756,000 deer hides), to initiating politicians into their club including Mark Hatfield and Thomas E. Dewey during his 1948 presidential campaign. Russian newspapers used images of the Grants Pass Cavemen to show 'how the rich "cavort" in America.' ^[9] Although bridges had been built across the Rogue River by the 1920s, ferries were still used to convey people and cars across. The first Grants Pass bridge was destroyed by a flood in 1890. ^[10] The first newspaper in Josephine County was the Argus, which began publication on March 13, 1885. It lasted only a few months, but the Grants Pass Courier began three weeks later. ^[11] The Illinois Valley News published in Cave Junction started in 1937 and is still a paper of record in Josephine County publishing every Wednesday. In 1897, the first legal hanging took place in Josephine County. Lemson W. Melson ^[12] confessed to the murder of Charles Perry while the noose was around his neck. ^[13]

Ethnic history

Although several tribes of Native Americans lived in the area from which Josephine County was created, most of their members had been moved to the reservation at Grand Ronde by the end of the Rogue River Indian War. Soon afterwards all Indians in southwest Oregon, with the exception of a few small bands, were moved to the Coast reservation (later known as the Siletz Reservation). ^[7]

Josephine County was also the home to a large Chinese population. Most had come to the area to work gold claims purchased from whites no longer interested in working them. Even though they could not own land, they had to pay a tax to mine gold, and were usually relegated to inferior claims.^{[ citation needed ]}

Geography

Map of Josephine County

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total

area of 1,642 square miles (4,250 km²), of which 1,640 square miles (4,200 km²) is land and 2.2 square miles (5.7 km²) (0.1%) is water. ^[14]

Adjacent counties

• Douglas County (north)
• Jackson County (east)
• Siskiyou County, California (south)
• Del Norte County, California (southwest)
• Curry County (west)

National protected areas

• Oregon Caves National Monument
• Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest (part)

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1860	1,623		—
1870	1,204		−25.8%
1880	2,485		106.4%
1890	4,878		96.3%
1900	7,517		54.1%
1910	9,567		27.3%
1920	7,655		−20.0%
1930	11,498		50.2%
1940	16,301		41.8%
1950	26,542		62.8%
1960	29,917		12.7%
1970	35,746		19.5%
1980	58,855		64.6%
1990	62,649		6.4%
2000	75,726		20.9%
2010	82,713		9.2%
2020	88,090		6.5%
2023 (est.)	87,821	[15]	−0.3%
U.S. Decennial Census [16] 1790–1960 [17] 1900–1990 [18] 1990–2000 [19] 2010–2020 [1]

2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 75,726 people, 31,000 households, and 21,359 families residing in the county. The population density was 46 people per square mile (18 people/km²). There were 33,239 housing units at an average density of 20 units per square mile (7.7/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 93.90% White, 0.27% Black or African American, 1.25% Native American, 0.63% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 1.17% from other races, and 2.68% from two or more races. 4.26% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 18.5% were of German, 14.3% English, 10.4% Irish and 9.3% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 95.6% spoke English and 2.8% Spanish as their first language.

There were 31,000 households, out of which 26.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.40% were married couples living together, 10.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.10% were non-families. 25.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.10% under the age of 18, 6.50% from 18 to 24, 23.20% from 25 to 44, 27.20% from 45 to 64, and 20.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 94.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $31,229, and the median income for a family was $36,894. Males had a median income of $30,798 versus $22,734 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,234. About 11.30% of families and 15.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.10% of those under age 18 and 6.80% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 82,713 people, 34,646 households, and 22,498 families residing in the county. ^[20] The population density was 50.4 inhabitants per square mile (19.5/km²). There were 38,001 housing units at an average density of 23.2 units per square mile (9.0 units/km²). ^[21] The racial makeup of the county was 92.4% white, 1.4% American Indian, 0.8% Asian, 0.4% black or African American, 0.2% Pacific islander, 1.5% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 6.3% of the population. ^[20] In terms of ancestry, 26.3% were German, 15.6% were Irish, 15.5% were English, 5.5% were Italian, and 5.5% were American. ^[22]

Of the 34,646 households, 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.1% were non-families, and 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.82. The median age was 47.3 years. ^[20]

The median income for a household in the county was $38,035 and the median income for a family was $48,180. Males had a median income of $38,675 versus $27,926 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,539. About 13.5% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.3% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over. ^[23]

Communities

Cities

• Cave Junction
• Grants Pass (county seat)

Census-designated places

• Kerby
• Merlin
• New Hope
• O'Brien
• Redwood
• Selma
• Takilma
• Williams

Unincorporated communities

• Dryden
• Fruitdale (former)
• Galice
• Golden
• Greenback
• Harbeck (former)
• Holland
• Hugo
• Leland
• Murphy
• Placer
• Pleasant Valley
• Sunny Valley
• Waldo
• Wilderville
• Wolf Creek
• Wonder

Economy

Most of the commercial activity during the territorial period centered on gold mining and the supply of provisions to miners. Miners had been active in the Rogue and Illinois valleys since 1851. By the late 1850s, however, gold mining was beginning to decline and population dwindled as well. In 1859, gold was discovered along the Fraser River in British Columbia and numerous people left Josephine County to search for valuable claims there.

Josephine County shares the Rogue Valley and Applegate Valley wine appellations with Jackson County. The U.S. government owns the majority of the land within the county boundaries, with the Bureau of Land Management owning 28% of the lands within the county boundaries, most of which are Oregon and California Railroad lands, and the Forest Service owning 39%.

Grants Pass is now the departure point for most Rogue River scenic waterway guided fishing and boat trips, one of the destinations being Hellgate canyon. The Illinois River, one of the Rogue's tributaries, has also been designated a scenic waterway.

Transportation

Initially, freight was brought into Josephine County by pack train. As the trails improved, freight wagons were used. Stage coaches were the primary mode of transportation until 1914, when auto stages took over, halving the time from Crescent City to Grants Pass from 24 to 12 hours. ^[24]

In 1883, the Oregon and California Railroad reached Grants Pass, in Jackson County at the time. ^[25] The first through train from Portland, Oregon arrived in Grants Pass on Christmas Eve of 1883. Due to delays in completing a railroad through the Siskiyou Mountains, the first train from California didn't arrive until 1887. Josephine County was served by the Oregon and California Railroad. ^[26] In 1923, commercial flight in Josephine County began when airplanes began taking off from the American Legion Air Field. The airfield has since been replaced by an industrial park. ^[27]

Politics

Josephine County has been among the most consistently Republican counties in Oregon with regard to presidential elections. In 1964, it was along with Malheur County one of two Oregon counties to give a majority to Barry Goldwater. ^[28] This is the county in Oregon to have gone the longest without voting for a Democrat in a presidential election; the last Democratic candidate to win the county was Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936, ^[29] and the solitary Democrat since 1900 to win an absolute majority was Roosevelt in 1932 (though, in 1916, the county was won by Charles Evans Hughes by just four votes). Prior to the 1890s, Josephine was a generally Democratic county as the Rogue Valley and adjacent areas, like the San Joaquin Valley in California, had considerable anti-Union sympathies. ^[30]

As of 2023, Josephine County lies within Oregon's 2nd congressional district, which is represented by the Republican Congressman Cliff Bentz. In the Oregon House of Representatives, Josephine County is split between two districts. A portion in the northeast is in the 4th District (extending into Douglas and Jackson counties), represented by Republican Christine Goodwin. The majority of Josephine County, including the core of Grants Pass, lies within the 3rd District represented by Republican Lily Morgan. The whole of Josephine County is within Oregon's 2nd Senate District, represented by Republican Art Robinson.

In 2004 Democrat Dennis Kucinich spoke publicly while campaigning in Josephine County, making appearances in both Grants Pass and Cave Junction. Robert Kennedy made a campaign stop in Grants Pass in late May 1968 at the conclusion of a whistle stop campaign tour by train originating in Portland. Kennedy spoke to a crowd of several hundred in a supermarket parking lot on the site of the former Southern Pacific passenger station which had been demolished some years previously just a week before his assassination in California on June 5, 1968. ^[31]

United States presidential election results for Josephine County, Oregon ^[32]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	31,751	61.48%	18,451	35.73%	1,439	2.79%
2016	26,923	60.42%	13,453	30.19%	4,184	9.39%
2012	23,673	58.83%	14,953	37.16%	1,612	4.01%
2008	22,973	54.63%	17,412	41.41%	1,664	3.96%
2004	26,241	62.07%	15,214	35.99%	820	1.94%
2000	22,186	60.40%	11,864	32.30%	2,683	7.30%
1996	16,048	49.98%	11,113	34.61%	4,950	15.42%
1992	13,003	38.75%	11,007	32.80%	9,549	28.45%
1988	15,876	58.21%	10,646	39.04%	750	2.75%
1984	19,470	69.38%	8,539	30.43%	53	0.19%
1980	16,827	63.89%	7,116	27.02%	2,393	9.09%
1976	10,726	50.81%	9,061	42.92%	1,323	6.27%
1972	9,911	58.55%	5,090	30.07%	1,926	11.38%
1968	8,456	57.64%	4,351	29.66%	1,864	12.71%
1964	6,918	50.13%	6,857	49.68%	26	0.19%
1960	7,387	57.57%	5,419	42.23%	25	0.19%
1956	7,967	62.10%	4,863	37.90%	0	0.00%
1952	8,200	70.36%	3,353	28.77%	102	0.88%
1948	5,004	58.27%	3,290	38.31%	294	3.42%
1944	4,010	54.52%	3,214	43.70%	131	1.78%
1940	3,964	57.18%	2,888	41.66%	80	1.15%
1936	1,992	33.45%	2,840	47.69%	1,123	18.86%
1932	1,757	33.80%	3,060	58.87%	381	7.33%
1928	2,625	71.31%	959	26.05%	97	2.64%
1924	1,756	53.91%	650	19.96%	851	26.13%
1920	1,606	62.22%	819	31.73%	156	6.04%
1916	1,660	46.20%	1,656	46.09%	277	7.71%
1912	305	13.68%	702	31.48%	1,223	54.84%
1908	967	47.47%	732	35.94%	338	16.59%
1904	914	60.89%	327	21.79%	260	17.32%

Libraries

In May 2007, all libraries in Josephine County were closed due to lack of county government funding. In September 2007, committed community members formed Josephine Community Libraries, Inc., a nonprofit, nongovernmental organization. On December 20, 2008, the Grants Pass library opened again. On September 5, 2009, the Illinois Valley library was reopened. On November 7, 2009, the Williams library was reopened. With the reopening of the Wolf Creek branch on December 19, 2009, all four library branches in Josephine County were restored. Josephine Community Libraries, Inc. (JCLI) is a nonprofit, nongovernmental library system serving the 82,000 residents of Josephine County. In May 2017, citizens placed a measure on the ballot to permanently fund the libraries, which passed by 53 percent of the vote. For 10 years, the libraries were supported by generous donations and the heroic contributions of more than 360 volunteers annually. Now, JCLI is committed to a seamless transition of library services to the newly formed library district and is working to support the district effort until the anticipated transition is completed in 2018. ^[33]

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Josephine County, Oregon

References

1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. Sutton, p. 6.
4. Sutton, p. 10.
5. Sutton, pp. 15-17.
6. Sutton, p. 18.
7. Edna May Hill (1976). "Josephine County Historical Highlights". Josephine County Library System & Josephine County Historical Society. pp. 73, 74.
8. Sutton, p. 65.
9. Sutton, pp. 59-61.
10. Sutton, pp. 59-74.
11. Sutton, pp. 59-76-78.
12. https://www.oregongeology.org/milo/archive/HistoricalSociety/Josephine/GrantsPassCourier1937Section2Newspaper.pdf ^{[ bare URL PDF ]}
13. Sutton, pp. 59-79.
14. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
15. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 24, 2024.
16. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
17. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
18. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
19. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
20. "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
21. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
22. "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
23. "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
24. Sutton, pp. 86.
25. Sutton, p. 201.
26. Sutton, pp. 92-94.
27. Sutton, pp. 99.
28. David Leip Presidential Election Atlas
29. Geographie Electorale
30. Menendez, Albert J.; The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004, pp. 284-286 ISBN   0786422173
31. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine : Oregon Collegiate Broadcast System. "Oregon 1968 - RFK Campaign Train". Youtube. R.W. Rynerson. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
32. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
33. "Josephine Community Libraries" . Retrieved June 7, 2010.

General

• Jack Sutton (1966). "110 Years with Josephine: The History of Josephine County, Oregon". The Josephine County Historical Society.

External links

• (official website)

42°22′N123°34′W / 42.36°N 123.56°W / 42.36; -123.56