The Finnish Civil War was a conflict for the leadership and control of Finland during the country's transition from a Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire to an independent state. The clashes took place in the context of the national, political, and social turmoil caused by World War I in Europe. The civil war was fought between the Reds, led by a section of the Social Democratic Party, and the Whites, conducted by the conservative-based Senate and the German Imperial Army. The paramilitary Red Guards, composed of industrial and agrarian workers, controlled the cities and industrial centres of southern Finland. The paramilitary White Guards, composed of farmers, along with middle-class and upper-class social strata, controlled rural central and northern Finland.
Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg was a Finnish jurist and academic, who played a central role in the drafting of the Constitution of Finland in 1919. He was the first President of Finland (1919–1925) and a liberal nationalist.
Lars (Lauri) Johannes Ingman was a Finnish theologian, bishop and politician. From 1916 to 1930 he was the professor of practical theology in the University of Helsinki. He was also a member of the conservative National Coalition Party, where he acted as the speaker of the parliament and a minister in several cabinets, and served as the Prime Minister of Finland twice, in 1918–1919 and 1924–1925. In 1930 he was elected Archbishop of Turku, head of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland.
A Soviet Republic, a republic ruled by soviets, may refer to one of the following:
The Young Finnish Party or Constitutional-Fennoman Party was a liberal and nationalist political party in the Grand Duchy of Finland. It began as an upper-class reformist movement during the 1870s and formed as a political party in 1894.
The National Progressive Party was a liberal political party in Finland from 1918 to 1951. The party was founded 8 December 1918, after the Finnish Civil War, by the republican majority of the Young Finnish Party and the republican minority of the Finnish Party
The Field of Mars or Marsovo Polye is a large park named after Mars, the Roman god of war, situated in the center of Saint-Petersburg, with an area of about 9 hectares. Bordering the Field of Mars to the north are the Marble (Mramorny) Palace, Suvorova Square and Betskoi’s and Saltykov’s houses. To the west are the Barracks of the Pavlovsky Regiment. The Moyka River forms the boundary to the south.
Antti Agathon Tulenheimo was a Finnish politician from the National Coalition Party who served as Prime Minister of Finland in 1925.
The Kingdom of Finland was an abortive attempt to establish a monarchy in Finland following Finland's independence from Russia.
Juho Heikki Vennola was Professor of National Economics at the University of Helsinki, a member of the Parliament of Finland, and a politician from the National Progressive Party, who served as Prime Minister of Finland for two times.
Parliamentary elections were held in Finland between 1 and 3 March 1919. The Social Democratic Party emerged as the largest in Parliament with 80 of the 200 seats. Voter turnout was 67.1%.
Eino Rudolf Woldemar Holsti was a Finnish politician, journalist and diplomat. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1919–1922 and in 1936–1938 and a member of the Finnish Parliament in 1913–1918 representing the Young Finnish Party.
Aarne Sihvo was a Finnish general. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1919 to 1920, representing the National Progressive Party. He was the Chief of Defence of the Finnish Defence Forces 1926–1933 and 1946–1953. Sihvo was a recipient of the Latvian military Order of Lāčplēsis, 2nd class.
The Estonian Labour Party was a political party in Estonia. It was formed in 1919 by a merger of the Radical Socialist Party and the Social Travaillist Party, and ceased to exist in 1932, when it merged with other centrist parties to form the National Centre Party. It was a member of government coalitions between 1919 and 1925, and again from 1927 until 1931.
Gustaf Arokallio was a Finnish Lutheran clergyman and politician. He was a member of the Diet of Finland in 1894 and from 1904 to 1905 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1909 and from 1910 to 1919. He represented the Young Finnish Party until 1918 and the National Coalition Party from 1918 to 1919.
Juho Kustaa Astala was a Finnish farmer and politician. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1904 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1910 to 1913 and from 1918 to 1919. He represented the Young Finnish Party until 1918 and the National Progressive Party from 1918 to 1919.
Juho Erkki Antila was a Finnish farmer and politician. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1905 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1910 and from 1916 to 1919. He represented the Finnish Party until 1918 and the National Coalition Party from 1918 to 1919.
Eero Erkko was a Finnish journalist and politician. He served as minister of social affairs from 27 November 1918 to 17 April 1919, minister of transport and public works from 17 April to 15 August 1919 and Minister of Trade and Industry from 15 August 1919 to 15 March 1920. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1894 to 1900 and again from 1905 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1919, representing the Young Finnish Party until 1918 and the National Progressive Party from 1918 to 1919.
Oskar Petrus Nissinen was a Finnish land surveyor, farmer and politician. He was a Member of the Diet of Finland from 1900 to 1906 and a Member of the Parliament of Finland from 1917 to 1919, representing the Young Finnish Party until 1918 and the National Coalition Party from 1918 to 1919.
