Las Palmas

Not to be confused with La Palma.

For other uses, see Las Palmas (disambiguation).

Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Municipality
Views of Las Palmas, clockwise from top: Las Canteras beach, Canaria local government centre, Alfredo Kraus hall, Santa Ana cathedral by night, lighthouse in Las Palmas port, Perez Galdos theater, view of downtown Las Palmas
Flag Coat of arms
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Show map of Canary Islands Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Show map of Spain
Coordinates: 28°9′N15°25′W / 28.150°N 15.417°W / 28.150; -15.417 Coordinates: 28°9′N15°25′W / 28.150°N 15.417°W / 28.150; -15.417
Country	Spain
Autonomous community	Canary Islands
Province	Las Palmas
Island	Gran Canaria
Founded	24 June 1478
Government
•  Mayor	Augusto Hidalgo (PSC-PSOE)
Area
•  Municipality	100.55 km2 (38.82 sq mi)
Elevation	8 m (26 ft)
Highest elevation	300 m (1,000 ft)
Lowest elevation	8 m (26 ft)
Population  (2018) [1]
•  Municipality	378,517
• Density	3,800/km2 (9,700/sq mi)
•  Urban	635,000 [2]
Demonym	palmense (es)
Time zone	UTC+0 (WET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (WEST)
Postal code	35001-35020
Language(s)	Spanish
Website	www.lpavisit.com
Click on the map for a fullscreen view

Las Palmas ( UK: /ˌlæsˈpælməs,-ˈpɑːl-/ , US: /ˌlɑːsˈpɑːlməs,-mɑːs/ ; ^{[3] [4]} Spanish:  [las ˈpalmas] ), officially Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ^{[lower-alpha 1]} is a Spanish city and capital of Gran Canaria, in the Canary Islands, on the Atlantic Ocean.

It is the capital (jointly with Santa Cruz de Tenerife), the most populous city in the autonomous community of the Canary Islands, and the ninth-largest city in Spain with a population of 381,223 in 2020. ^[5] It is also the fifth-most populous urban area in Spain and (depending on sources) ninth- or tenth-most populous metropolitan area in Spain. ^{[6] [7] [8] [9] [10]}

Las Palmas is located in the northeastern part of the island of Gran Canaria, about 150 km (93 mi) off the Moroccan coast ^[11] in the Atlantic Ocean. Las Palmas experiences a hot desert climate, ^{[note 1]} offset by the local cooler Canary Current, with warm temperatures throughout the year. It has an average annual temperature of 21.2 °C (70.2 °F). ^[12]

The city was founded in 1478, and considered the de facto (without legal and real recognition) ^[13] capital of the Canary Islands until the seventeenth century. ^[13] It is the home of the Canarian Ministry of Presidency (shared in a four-year term with Santa Cruz de Tenerife), as well as half of the ministries and boards of the Canarian government, and the High Court of Justice of the Canary Islands.

History

See also: Timeline of Las Palmas

Old jail Barranco Seco

Rotunda lighthouse in La Luz port

The city was founded by Juan Rejón on 24 June 1478, with the name "Real de Las Palmas". ^[14] Rejón was head of the invading Castilian army, which then engaged in war with the locals. ^{[15] [16]}

The war began at the mouth of the Guiniguada ravine, where he settled together with his 30 soldiers El Real de Las Palmas, which today is the district of Vegueta. ^[16]

The struggle lasted for a period of five years, costing a great number of lives, especially on the aboriginal side, which lacked sufficient means to defend itself against the armies sent by the Catholic Monarchs. Even so, resistance was fierce. The end of the conquest came in 1483, with the incorporation of the island into the Crown of Castile by Pedro de Vera, who managed to subjugate the natives of Gáldar in the northwest of the island. ^[17]

20 November 1485 the diocese was transferred from El Rubicón (Lanzarote) to Real de Las Palmas. ^[18] The importance of the city grew gradually, with the establishment of the Bishopric of the Canary Islands, the first Court of the Holy Inquisition, the Royal Court of the Canary Islands and the residence of the Captains General of the Canary Islands. Although the capital, as understood from the 19th century onwards, did not exist as such in the archipelago, given that the Captain General's Residence was in Las Palmas, it can be considered that this was the capital of the Canary Islands during part of the 16th and 17th centuries; afterwards, although without legal or real significance, it continued to be considered the honorary capital of the Canary archipelago. ^[18]

In 1492, Christopher Columbus (Spanish: Cristóbal Colón) anchored in the port of Las Palmas for a repair of the rudder of his ship Pinta ^[19] and spent some time on the neighbour island on his first trip to the Americas. ^{[19] [20]} He also stopped there on the way back to Spain. ^[21] The Colón House  [ es ] - a museum in the Vegueta  [ es ] district of the city - is named after him. ^[22]

In 1595, Francis Drake tried to plunder the town, leading to the Battle of Las Palmas. ^[21] A Dutch raid under vice-admiral Pieter van der Does in 1599 was only slightly more successful; some of the town was destroyed, but the raiders were repelled. ^{[23] [24]}

Las Palmas' seaport, Puerto de la Luz (known internationally as La Luz port), benefited greatly from the closure of the Suez Canal during the Suez Crisis. Many foreign workers migrated to the city at this time.

Las Palmas is a sister city of San Antonio, Texas, in the United States, which was founded in 1718 by about 25 Canary Islanders. ^[25]

Administrative divisions

Administrative divisions of Las Palmas

Las Palmas is divided into five administrative districts, which in turn are subdivided into districts, not necessarily consistent with the traditional neighborhoods.

No	District	Population [26]
1	Vegueta, Cono Sur y Tafira	73,243
2	Centro	88,546
3	La Isleta-Puerto-Canteras	71,412
4	Ciudad Alta	101,684
5	Tamaraceite-San Lorenzo	39,191

Geography

The city has four main beaches: Las Canteras, Las Alcaravaneras, La Laja, and El Confital.

• Playa de Las Canteras (Las Canteras Beach) is the largest beach in the city, and is frequented throughout the year by city dwellers as well as by large numbers of foreign visitors. The beach lies on the west side of the isthmus of Guanarteme, which links the peninsula of La Isleta, located to the northeast, with the rest of the island of Gran Canaria. The 3,100 m beach is oriented toward the northwest in what is known as Confital bow or bay, and stretches from the foothills of La Isleta until shortly before the mouth of the ravine Tamaraceite. Along much of this length, the beach is sheltered from most of the waves and currents of the Atlantic by a natural barrier of coral sandstone popularly known as "the bar", which is in easy swimming distance from shore. A system for environmental management has been introduced, and the beach has received ISO 14001 certification – one of only three beaches in Spain to do so, namely La Concha in San Sebastián and La Victoria in Cádiz. Inside the beach runs the Paseo de Las Canteras, a wide pedestrian boardwalk, or sidewalk, which runs parallel to the beach from near the Auditorio Alfredo Kraus to the area known as "Puntilla" until reaching Playa del Confital. La Playa de Las Canteras covers three areas that correspond to the arches and inflections that it conducts on the coast. Each presents certain morphological characteristics. ^[27]

Playa de Las Canteras 2019

Las Canteras Beach

Las Canteras Beach Avenue

• Playa de Las Alcaravaneras (Las Alcaravaneras beach) extends from the rising side of the Isthmus of Guanarteme, an old spit of sand dunes and mountains linking the peninsula of La Isleta, located to the northeast, with the rest of the island of Gran Canaria. It extends from the Real Club Náutico de Gran Canaria to the new marina breakwater of the city, for just over 800 metres (1⁄2 mi) of fine golden sand. ^[28] The whole beach is serviced by the promenade, which starts in Las Alcaravaneras, connects with the Playa de San Cristobal, and ends in Playa de La Laja, 16 kilometres (10 mi) to the south. The promenade is one of the recreational areas of the city and is popular with people who take the opportunity to walk, run, play sports, or cycle. The tranquility of the bay, and yacht clubs close to the existing beach, make Playa de Las Alcaravaneras a great place to practice sports such as sailing and canoeing. The beach also offers facilities for sports such as beach volleyball, beach soccer or futvóley (which has organized tournaments in the summer) and court sports such as basketball, indoor soccer, and volleyball.^{[ citation needed ]}
• Playa de la Laja (La Laja Beach), with fine gray sand, is approximately 1200 m long and has an average width of 40 m. ^[29] Its moderate waves and currents are no longer dangerous since the construction of a dam in the south in the 1990s. At the time, the Ministry of Environment also trawled the seabed to bring sand onto the beach, and the construction of a boardwalk has significantly improved pedestrian access. Due to the intensity of its streams and incoming waves, La Laja has been hailed as a favorite surfers' beach. ^[29] It is the starting point for boat races that occur every weekend between April and October. ^[30]
• Playa del Confital (Confital Beach), southwest of the peninsula of La Isleta, is the northern part of the large bay which contains Playa de Las Canteras and Playa del Confital. While Playa de Las Canteras is a long and wide, sandy beach, Playa del Confital is a narrower and mostly hard, volcanic beach equipped with comfortable foot paths and large, slanted slabs of stone suitable for relaxing, exercising and sunbathing. Advanced off the beach surfing replaces swimming as the major water activity on Playa del Confital. ^[31] Until some years ago, the beach was home to a small shanty town, which has since been eradicated and the land of the Playa del Confital returned to general, public use.^{[ citation needed ]} Ensuing improvements, however, proved controversial as some environmental organizations and residents questioned the legality of the proceedings. The waves arriving at the beach are highly thought of by amateur and professional surfers alike, some of whom consider the Confital as having one of the best right hand breaks in Europe. ^[32] Here, the ocean currents form a tube that is used by more experienced surfers for its speed and strong contrasts. Each year, qualifying events for the professional world surfing championship take place on this beach. ^[33]

Climate

Las Palmas has a hot desert climate (BWh) ^{[34] [35]} with warm dry summers and warm enough winters to classify it as a tropical climate. Its average annual temperature is 21.2 °C (70.2 °F)–28 °C (82 °F) during the day and 18 °C (64 °F) at night. In January, the coldest month, the temperature typically ranges from 19 to 23 °C (66 to 73 °F) (and sometimes higher) during the day, and around 15 to 16 °C (59 to 61 °F) at night, with an average sea temperature at 20 °C (68 °F). In the warmest months – August and September – the temperature typically ranges from 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F) during the day, above 21 °C (70 °F) at night, with the average sea temperature at 23 °C (73 °F). Large fluctuations in temperature are rare.

August 1990 was the warmest month on record, with the average maximum temperature of the month during the day being 30.6 °C (87.1 °F). ^[36] The highest temperature ever recorded was 44.2 °C (111.6 °F), and the coldest temperature ever recorded was 9.4 °C (48.9 °F). The highest wind speed ever recorded was on 28 November 2005, measuring 113 km/h (70.21 mph). Las Palmas city has never recorded any snow or sleet.

Annual average relative humidity is 66%, ranging from 64% in March to 69% in October. The amount of annual sunshine hours is above 2,800 per year, from around 190 in winter (average of six hours a day) to around 300 in summer (average of 10 hours a day). ^[37] It rains on average only 22 days a year, with total precipitation per year of only 151 mm (5.9 in). ^[38]

Climate data for Las Palmas, Gran Canaria Airport (1981–2010), Extremes (1980–2016)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	29.5 (85.1)	30.9 (87.6)	34 (93)	34.3 (93.7)	36 (97)	36.9 (98.4)	44.2 (111.6)	39.2 (102.6)	39 (102)	36 (97)	36.2 (97.2)	29.4 (84.9)	44.2 (111.6)
Mean maximum °C (°F)	23.0 (73.4)	24.2 (75.6)	25.1 (77.2)	25.3 (77.5)	25.4 (77.7)	26.6 (79.9)	28.4 (83.1)	30.6 (87.1)	30.0 (86.0)	28.1 (82.6)	26.3 (79.3)	24.2 (75.6)	30.9 (87.6)
Average high °C (°F)	20.8 (69.4)	21.2 (70.2)	22.3 (72.1)	22.6 (72.7)	23.6 (74.5)	25.3 (77.5)	26.9 (80.4)	27.5 (81.5)	27.2 (81.0)	26.2 (79.2)	24.2 (75.6)	22.2 (72.0)	24.2 (75.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	18.1 (64.6)	18.4 (65.1)	19.3 (66.7)	19.5 (67.1)	20.5 (68.9)	22.2 (72.0)	23.8 (74.8)	24.6 (76.3)	24.3 (75.7)	23.1 (73.6)	21.2 (70.2)	19.3 (66.7)	21.2 (70.2)
Average low °C (°F)	15.3 (59.5)	15.6 (60.1)	16.2 (61.2)	16.3 (61.3)	17.3 (63.1)	19.2 (66.6)	20.8 (69.4)	21.6 (70.9)	21.4 (70.5)	20.1 (68.2)	18.1 (64.6)	16.5 (61.7)	18.2 (64.8)
Mean minimum °C (°F)	13.8 (56.8)	13.6 (56.5)	14.4 (57.9)	14.5 (58.1)	15.8 (60.4)	17.5 (63.5)	19.5 (67.1)	20.4 (68.7)	20.2 (68.4)	18.3 (64.9)	16.3 (61.3)	14.8 (58.6)	13.6 (56.5)
Record low °C (°F)	10.2 (50.4)	9.4 (48.9)	10.5 (50.9)	12 (54)	12.2 (54.0)	14.4 (57.9)	16.4 (61.5)	17.6 (63.7)	16.8 (62.2)	14.8 (58.6)	12.8 (55.0)	12.0 (53.6)	9.4 (48.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	25.1 (0.99)	24.4 (0.96)	12.5 (0.49)	5.9 (0.23)	1.1 (0.04)	0.3 (0.01)	0.1 (0.00)	0.4 (0.02)	9.1 (0.36)	16.0 (0.63)	22.4 (0.88)	31.3 (1.23)	151.3 (5.96)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm)	3.1	3.0	2.3	1.3	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.1	1.1	2.3	3.9	4.5	22.0
Average relative humidity (%)	65	66	64	64	65	66	65	66	68	69	67	68	66
Mean monthly sunshine hours	184	191	229	228	272	284	308	300	241	220	185	179	2,821
Percent possible sunshine	54	62	62	58	63	68	71	75	67	65	56	58	63
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization (UN), [39] Agencia Estatal de Meteorología [40]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (percent sunshine) [41]

Climate data for Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average sea temperature °C (°F)	20.0 (68.0)	19.1 (66.4)	19.1 (66.4)	19.3 (66.7)	20.0 (68.0)	21.0 (69.8)	21.8 (71.2)	22.5 (72.5)	23.4 (74.1)	23.4 (74.1)	22.1 (71.8)	20.5 (68.9)	21 (69.8)
Mean daily daylight hours	11.0	11.0	12.0	13.0	14.0	14.0	14.0	13.0	12.0	11.0	11.0	10.0	12.2
Average Ultraviolet index	4	6	8	9	10	11	11	11	9	7	5	4	7.9
Source #1: seatemperature.org [42]
Source #2: Weather Atlas [41]

Demographics

As of 2008 ^[update] , nearly half (45.9%) of Gran Canaria's inhabitants live in Las Palmas, as well as 18.35% of the Canary Islands' total population. According to a study by the National Statistics Institute of Spain Las Palmas de Gran Canaria has a life expectancy of 80.9 years.

Throughout history, Las Palmas received waves of immigrants from mainland Spain and countries from every continent. The majority of the population is Spanish, although large North- and sub-Saharan African and Latin American communities exist (especially the Venezuelan community, which is growing fast), as well as important historical minorities such as Indians (Sindhi) and Koreans and a growing Chinese population.

Ethnically, most autochthonous Canarians are descendants of a mixture of aboriginal people ( guanches ) of the Canary Islands (now extinct), the Spanish conquistadores and later European (mainly Spanish, Portuguese, Flemish, French, Italian, German, and British) colonizers.

Demographic evolution of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (1768 - 2019)

Year	Population [43]	Density
1991	354,887	3,529.46/km2
1996	355,563	3,536.18/km2
2002	370,649	3,686.22/km2
2004	376,953	3,748.92/km2
2007	377,203	3,751.40/km2
2008	381,123	3,790.38/km2
2010	383,308
2012	382,296
2014	382,283
2016	378,998
2018	378,517
2020	381,223 [5]	3,755.84/km2

Education

Las Palmas is home to University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, founded in 1989. ^[44]

The city also has a variety of state and public primary and secondary schools.

International schools include:

• Deutsche Schule Las Palmas (German)
• The British School of Gran Canaria (Tafira School is in the city limits) ^[45]
• The American School of Las Palmas
• Lycée Français René-Verneau, the French international school, is in the city limits of Telde ^[46]
• Colegio Japonés de Las Palmas, a Japanese international school, was formerly located within Tafira Alta in the city; ^[47] opened in October 1973, ^[48] and closed in March 2001. ^[49]
• Canterbury School of Gran Canaria, a British international school. ^[50]

The Escuela Complementaria Japonesa de Las Palmas previously provided a weekend supplementary Japanese programme. ^[51]

Culture

Windows of Santa Ana cathedral, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

Las Palmas offers a variety of theater, cinema, opera, concerts, visual arts and dance performances. The city hosts the Canary Islands Music Festival, the Theatre and Dance and the International Film Festival. The main City Festival, celebrating the foundation of the "City Fiestas de San Juan" ^[52] is held in June. The Carnival of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria ^[53] is one of the main attractions for tourists. The city center of Las Palmas, specifically the Vegueta and Triana neighbourhoods, are included in the tentative List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. ^{[54] [ failed verification ]}

Museums, theatres and exhibition halls

• The Museo Canario is located in the historic district of Vegueta. Founded in 1879, it is an international partner of the Council for Scientific Research (CSIC). It has a valuable collection of Canary archaeological objects, which are exhibited in 16 halls. It is also equipped with a library of over 60,000 volumes, many of them dealing with the Canary Islands topics. Its archive covers the period from 1785 until today.

Casa de Colón (Columbus House) y Pilar Nuevo

• The Casa Museo de Colón is in the Plaza de San Antonio Abad, behind the cathedral of Santa Ana. It focuses on the history of the Canary Islands and its relations with America. It has 13 permanent exhibition halls, a library and a dedicated study center, and diverse spaces for temporary activities. The complex consists of several houses, one of which was accessed by Christopher Columbus during his first trip to America in 1492; it was the residence of former Governor (now better known as the home of Columbus). It is organized into five subject areas: America before the Discovery, Columbus and his journeys, Canary enclave strategic base for experimenting with the New World, The history and genesis of the city of Palmas, and painting of the 16th century to start of the 20th century.
• The Casa Museo Pérez Galdós is located in the Triana neighborhood of the city. It is the birthplace of Benito Pérez Galdós. It has an extensive collection of documents, books, furniture and personal belongings of the writer.

Plaza del Pueblo Canario, Nestor Museum

• The Museo Néstor is in the neighborhood of Garden City. Dedicated to the modernist painter Néstor Martín-Fernández de la Torre, the museum was opened in 1956 in the architectural ensemble of the Pueblo Canario, which was conceived and built by his brother Miguel. It has 10 exhibition halls, as well as a documentation center and pedagogy.
• The Elder Museum of Science and Technology is an innovative, interactive, engaged in scientific and technological culture. Elder located in the building, which dates from the end of the 19th century has 4,500 m² (48,438 sq ft) of exhibition halls, workshops, interactive modules, large-format film and greenhouse ecosystem.
• The Maritime Museum, located in the former Jet Foil station has around 1,000 m² (10,764 sq ft) of floor space. When the expansion is finished, will have a giant pool to simulate interactive bay, where a large ship can be handled by visitors.

Lady Harimaguada, Martín Chirino.

• The Atlantic Center of Modern Art (CAAM), opened in 1989, is one of the most important references for the cultural and artistic life of the Canary Islands, and is responsible for disseminating the art made in the islands to the rest of the world, especially Africa, America and Europe. It has permanent and temporary exhibitions that range from the historical avant-garde to the latest trends. It is located on Calle Los Balcones de Vegueta, and preserves the original façade of the 18th century.

Pérez Galdós Theatre

• The Teatro Pérez Galdós was designed by the architect Francisco Jareño y Alarcón in 1867. Its current appearance, with some modifications, is due to the intervention of Fernando Navarro and Miguel Martín Fernández de la Torre after the fire that destroyed it almost entirely in 1928. Miguel Martín's brother, the painter Néstor Martín-Fernández de la Torre, was commissioned to decorate the stalls, lounges and the stage. It was originally called Teatro Tirso de Molina until 1901, when, with the occasion of the premiere of Electra, the theatre was renamed after the canarian writer Benito Pérez Galdós. Following works of renovation, the theatre reopened in April 2007.
• The Cuyás Theater, on the stage of the former Cine Cuyás is a work of rationalist Canarian architect Miguel Martín Fernández de la Torre. Its main hall has a capacity for 940 people, divided between the stalls and two amphitheatres. It also has a large patio that allows the organization of outdoor events. It is currently constructing an alternative test room with a capacity for one hundred seats.
• The Sala Insular de Teatro is a scenic area which lies in the main hall of an old church. In 2007, after some refurbishment, the Board reopened its doors to the public, welcoming small local assemblies.
• The Guiniguada Theater after a decade long refurbishment, will reopen in 2011. ^[55]

Auditorium and Convention Centre

Auditorio Alfredo Kraus

• The Auditorio Alfredo Kraus, named after the world renowned Spanish operatic tenor Alfredo Kraus, who was born in Las Palmas, is located on the Atlantic, near the Playa de Las Canteras, one of the most privileged areas of the city. Its 13,200 m² (142,084 sq ft) floor area has 11 rooms which accommodate from large conventions and concerts to conferences.
• The Palais des congrès de Gran Canaria is in the premises of the Institución Ferial de Canarias with a capacity for 800 people on 16,000 m² (172,223 sq ft).
• The Center for Initiatives of the Caja de Ahorros de Canarias (CICC) is housed in a mid-19th-century building by the architect Manuel Ponce de Leon in the neighborhood of Triana. It is a small conference center with the latest technology and up to 500 guests.

Libraries

The city has 11 municipal libraries and there are three specialized centres:

• The Library Island, which has the capacity for 500 users in its three floors, besides a hall and more than 100 computer connections with 20 Internet access points.
• La Biblioteca Simón Benitez Padilla, center specializing in geology, biology and ecology that contains valuable bibliographical former president of the Museum Canario Simón Benitez Padilla, notable advocate of the study of the Canarian culture.
• The Archives Joaquín Blanco, which contains 160 years of history of the city, as the burning of the Houses Consistoriales in 1845 destroyed the previous document repository.

A library is situated in the first floor of Woermann Tower.

Cultural events

• Dance Center
• Festival of Theater and Dance
• Festival Internacional de Cine de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
• Canary Islands Music Festival
• Jazz Festival
• Carnival of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
• Founding Celebrations
• WOMAD Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (World of Music Arts and Dance)
• Opera Festival of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
• Fantastic and Terror Film Festival of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

Districts

Source: ^[56]

• Vegueta, Cono Sur and Tafira
• Centro
• Isleta – Puerto – Guanarteme
• Ciudad Alta
• Tamaraceite – San Lorezo – Tenoya

Parks and squares

Parque San Telmo

• Avenida Marítima
• Avenida Mésa y López
• El Confital
• Fuente Luminosa
• Parque de la Mayordomía
• Parque de Santa Catalina
• Parque Doramas
• Parque Juan Pablo II
• Parque San Telmo
• Plaza de Canarias
• Plaza de España
• Plaza de La Feria
• Plaza de Las Ranas
• Plaza Santa Ana
• Triana

Cathedral of Santa Ana in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

Castillo de la Luz

Church of San Juan Bautista

Botanic garden in Arucas

Architecture

• Bandama Caldera (Bandama Natural Monument) in Santa Brígida, Las Palmas is part of the Tafira Protected Landscape. It is considered a point of geological interest because of the Caldera de Bandama: this volcanic caldera reaches 569 m (1,867 ft) above sea level at the highest point on its rim, Pico de Bandama, and is about 1,000 m (3,300 ft) wide and 200 m (660 ft) deep. The steep walk to the bottom of the caldera takes about half an hour. Volcanic ash of different hues is in great abundance, and there are some interesting botanic species of Canary Islands origin. There are facilities for food and refreshments as well.
• Archaeological sites in Santa Brígida. In the valley of La Angostura and Las Meleguinas can find numerous traces of Aboriginal canaries that have prompted the declaration of the area as a Cultural, as groups of caves carved into rock, silos or sidewalks. In the archaeological site of El Tope, discovered on 16 July 1988, where you can see remnants that suggest the existence of an aboriginal burial mound, as well as ceramics, pottery and curious pintaderas. ^{[57] [58]} EOn the north wall of the Caldera de Bandama is the Cueva de los Canarios, used by the aborigines as a granary. It has been discovered Libyco-Berber inscriptions belonging to the ancient Guanche autochthones and some vessels (which are now in the Museo Canario). ^{[57] [58]} Also in the same area in the wall of the volcano in the stew is the Cueva de Los Frailes was discovered in 1933 a set of 37 caves. ^[58]
• Church of San Juan Bautista (also vulgarly known as Catedral de Arucas due to its big size) built entirely in Arucas stone by local master masons, and it dates from 1909 (Initial Configuration from the 17th century). Apart from the wealth of the carved stone columns and column heads, there are also some beautiful stained glass windows, the works of Canary Island painter Cristobal Hernandez de Quintana, and an extraordinary carving of the Reclining Christ, by Manuel Ramos. ^[59]
• Jardín de la Marquesa de Arucas – Botanical Garden in Arucas.
• Iglesia de San Juan Bautista de Telde is the true spiritual centre of Telde. Located in the square of the same name and founded in 1483, the old church was erected by the Garcia del Castillo family at the time of the town's foundation. It still has the original gateway, an example of Sevillian–Portuguese Gothic architecture. The towers, however, are an example of early 20th neo-Gothic construction. The real marvels are inside the building: the statue of Christ on the main altar, made from corn dough by the Purépecha Mexican Indians, brought here before 1550, the Flemish Gothic main altar, which dates back to before 1516, and the triptych of the Virgin Mary, brought from Flanders, also in the 16th century, depicting five religious scenes. ^[60]
• Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Pino in Teror from 1760.
• Archaeological sites in Telde. Telde has 101 archaeological sites and 709 listed assets of ethnographic interest. In regard to the aboriginal time deposits, each year it expands its number or discover new aspects of old fields, but most are in disrepair and many are disappearing. Some of the most prominent are the coastal town of Tufia, in good condition and extensively excavated by archaeologists; Four Doors cave site, Telde, a large cave with four doors located on top of a mountain and overlooking the teldense plain; an almogarén (religious vessel) at the top; a troglodyte village with collective barn in the back, the caves of Tara and Cendro remains of the ancient center of population, the town of Draguillo on the border with Ingenio, Las Cuevas Chalasia which consist of a labyrinthine series of artificial caves linked by tunnels and the impressive Necropolis of Jinámar which includes more than 500 tombs of various types belonging to the old canary.
• Basílica de San Juan Bautista in Telde
• Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Pino in Teror from 1760.
• Palacete Rodriguez Quegles, an eclectic modernist mansion from the turn of the 20th century, it is a venue for exhibitions and other cultural events, and the center for coordinating events around the city. ^[61]

Places of worship

Among the places of worship, they are predominantly Christian churches and temples: Roman Catholic Diocese of Canarias (Catholic Church), Spanish Evangelical Church (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Union of Evangelical Baptists of Spain (Baptist World Alliance), Assemblies of God. ^[62] There are also Muslim mosques.

Transportation

Roads and highways

Road in the city

Urban road infrastructure is overburdened on workdays and in certain areas; the city street plan is not at all rectilinear, and may be confusing even to experienced drivers. However, there are no toll roads; entrances, exits, main streets and important zones are all well-signposted.

Las Palmas, being the centre of the Las Palmas metropolitan area, is the hub for the island's motorway network. The city is linked with three highways: the GC-1 to the south, the GC-2 to the west and GC-3 to the center of the island.

The GC-1 links the capital with Puerto de Mogán in the south. It is the fastest route from the top of the island to the bottom and vice versa with a speed limit of 120 km/h (75 mph). It is approximately 75 km (47 mi) in length and runs along the eastern and the southern coasts, and is also the second longest superhighway in the Canary Islands. The road provides easy access from the Airport to the major cities and resorts, which include Maspalomas and Playa del Inglés. The increase in tourism over the years has necessitated the route's upgrading and widening to cope with traffic growth. The GC-1 begins south of the downtown area of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, the highway runs within the beach of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and 2 km (1 mi) south intersects with the GC-2 and later runs with a few clover leaf interchanges and later forms a junction with GC-5 and south, the GC-31.

The GC-2 North Highway connects Las Palmas with the small northern port and village of Agaete. The highway begins by the beach area of the island, and runs through the downtown area, linking with the GC31 at a roundabout interchange. The freeway runs within the beaches and the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean for the half part but at around the 20th km, it becomes a highway after the unidirectional parclo interchanges and runs within the coastline, it later has several interchanges and several towns as it passes to the northwest and finally, it ends in Agaete.

Airport

Gran Canaria Airport

Las Palmas is served by Gran Canaria Airport, also called Las Palmas Airport( IATA : LPA, ICAO : GCLP).

The airport is located in the eastern part of the island, about 18 km (11 mi) from Las Palmas city centre. In 2008, it handled 10,212,106 passengers and 33,695,248 kg (74,285,306 lb) of cargo, and is the fourth busiest in Spain. ^[63] It is also the only airport on the islands with two runways, thus can accommodate up to 53 landings and take-offs per hour. The lengthy runways made the airport an alternative landing site for the NASA Space Shuttle. ^[64] This airport is also a base for Binter Canarias and Navegacion y Servicios Aéreos Canarios, airlines which operate regional inter-island flights within the Canary Islands.

An airbase of the Spanish Air Force is located to the east of the runways. Beyond several hangars opposite the passenger terminal, the Gando Air Base (Base Aérea de Gando) contains ten shelters situated on the southern end of the eastern runway.

Seaport

The port of Las Palmas

Puerto de Las Palmas (Las Palmas Port), also known as Puerto de la Luz, is a main port for fishing, commercial, passenger and sports in the northwest of the city. It has been the traditional base for scale and supplying ships on their way through the Middle Atlantic for five centuries. The Port of Las Palmas is not only the first port of the Canary Islands, it is one of the main ports of Spain and the first of the geographical area of West Africa. As the leading port in the mid-Atlantic, it serves as the crossroads between Europe, Africa and America. In 2007, the port received some 11,262 ships; it welcomed a total of 907,782 cruise passengers, a 16.26% increase on 2006. In terms of annual TEU, the port of Las Palmas ranks as the 5th in Spain, and is among the first 15 ports of Europe.^{[ citation needed ]}

The Port of Las Palmas is the first Mid-Atlantic fishing base, with an annual traffic of more than 4,500 stopovers and with some 400,000 tons of frozen fish processed.^{[ citation needed ]} Despite experiencing some decline in recent years,^{[ when? ]} it retains its dominance in the fishing industry over other ports in the Canary Islands. At the foot of pier, special refrigerated containers and preparation rooms for frozen products can carry out the entire chain of post-processing and storage of fish, from refrigeration and distribution, to manufacture and supply of industrial ice. The port's EU-approved border inspection post is responsible for inspecting all types of imports and exports between the European Economic Union and its trading partners.

Muelle Deportivo is the main yachting marina on the island opposite the commercial port with a capacity of 1250 boats. Close to the centre of the city it is popular with yachtsmen largely as a base for preparing their trans Atlantic passage. It is the start point for the ARC and ARC+ (Atlantic Rally for Cruisers) in which up to 300 yachts of different sizes leave in November for the Caribbean.

Bus

Guaguas Municipales

Las Palmas boasts a bus system, provided by the company Guaguas Municipales. ^[65] Municipal Bus Lines offers 40 urban transport routes. The main lines are the 1 (Teatro – Puerto), 2 (Alameda de Colón – Puerto), 17 (Teatro – El Rincón), 25 (Campus Universitario – El Rincón), 12 (Puerto – Hoya de la Plata) and 30 (Alameda de Colón – Santa Catalina, via Rehoyas). In addition, two circular lines (A: Santa Catalina – Santa Catalina, via Alcaraveneras) and B (Santa Catalina – Santa Catalina, via Ciudad Alta).

The most important bus lines have frequencies of between 3^{[ citation needed ]} and 15 minutes during the day and between 10 and 40 minutes at night; some lines have service throughout the night. The bright yellow buses are known simply as 'guaguas'.

The 10-ride ticket ('bono de diez') was once a disposable paper card ticket with magnetic stripe at one time widely available in city shops. This is now replaced by a reusable plastic card issued by the company which may be re-charged in multiples of 10 at bus stations and at machines situated at various sites such as public libraries. The Tarjeta Insular (Island Card) which offered a 20% discount on both municipal buses and Global buses was discontinued on 1 January 2011.

A separate bus company Global with distinctive blue color, inter-hire company, has 119 lines, many to or from the capital. This company was formed 17 March 2000, resulting from the merger of the previous Salcai and interurban lines Utinsa. ^[66]

There is also the Guagua Turística, which covers the most interesting sites of the city with a guide in several languages.

Rail

There is currently no rail transport system on Gran Canaria. Between 1893 and 1944 steam tram ran between Las Palmas and Puerto de La Luz. The line was electrified in 1910, although the line reverted to steam traction in 1944, when trams were hauled by a steam locomotive known as La Pepa. A reproduction of this locomotive is now on display in the Elder Museum  [ es ] in Las Palmas. ^[67] In the early 1970s an experimental elevated railway line operated through Las Palmas. Called the Tren Vertebrado ("vertebrate train"), it was designed by Basque engineer Alejandro Goicoechea and consisted of an unusual low-profile train running on elevated concrete tracks through the city. The project was unsuccessful and was dismantled in 1974. ^[68]

In the early 21st century, plans were put forward by the Gran Canaria Cabildo to develop a rapid transit railway line on Gran Canaria. If built, the Tren de Gran Canaria (TGC) line would run along the eastern coast and connect Las Palmas with the airport and Maspalomas in the south. ^[69] In 2004 the Spanish Ministry of Development put a contract out to competitive tender for a feasibility study on a 50 km railway line from Las Palmas to Maspalomas. ^[70] This railway project is currently suspended due to funding difficulties.

Sports

Estadio Gran Canaria

Las Palmas is home to three major professional sports teams. These are:

• UD Las Palmas – association football club playing in Spain’s Segunda División. The team play their home games at Estadio de Gran Canaria, with a capacity of 32,665. The team used to play at Estadio Insular (which is now closed), with a capacity of 22,000. Honours: Spanish SuperLeague: Runner-up 1968–69, Spanish Cup: Runner-up 1977–78, Semifinal: 1974, 1984, 1997.
• CB Gran Canaria – basketball club playing in Liga ACB at the Palacio de Deportes de Las Palmas, with a capacity of 9,870. Honours: Spanish SuperCup: 2016 Winner.
• La Caja de Canarias (Club Voleibol J.A.V. Olímpico) – women's volleyball club playing in Superliga Femenina de Voleibol.

Las Palmas was one of the arenas of 2014 FIBA World Championship for Group D, consisting Lithuania, Angola, Korea, Slovenia, Mexico and Australia. Matches were played in the new arena – Gran Canaria Arena with a capacity of about 10,000.

Many (mainly) outdoor sports are practised in city and neighbourhood, for example: surfing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, swimming, diving, skydiving, paragliding, running, cycling, rowing, tennis and golf (mainly in Las Palmeras Golf, Real Club De Golf De Las Palmas, El Cortijo Club de Campo and Oasis Golf). Real Club De Golf De Las Palmas, inaugurated on 17 December 1891, is the oldest golf club in Spain. ^[71]

Health system

The two general hospitals of Gran Canaria are in Las Palmas. While Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (Doctor Negrín University Hospital of Gran Canaria) is geared to health care in the north and west of the island, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria (Insular University Hospital of Gran Canaria) is geared to health care in the south and east of the island. There are also smaller private hospitals and clinics.

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain

Las Palmas is twinned with: ^[72]

• Garachico, Spain
• San Antonio, United States
• Guanajuato, Mexico
• Nouadhibou, Mauritania

In addition, the municipality has approved in plenary willingness twinning with the following cities, if they are not well formalized these twinning: ^[72]

• Rabat, Morocco
• Praia, Cape Verde
• Vigo, Spain
• Gdańsk, Poland
• Genoa, Italy
• Martinsicuro, Italy
• Jalisco, Mexico
• Xiamen, China

People from Las Palmas

Writer Benito Pérez Galdós

Javier Bardem receiving a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2012

Tennis pro Carla Suarez Navarro

• Wenceslao Benitez Inglott (1879-1954), counter admiral, scientist, and engineer.
• Alfredo Kraus (1927–1999), 20th-century tenor
• Javier Bardem (1 March 1969–), actor
• Antonio Betancort (13 March 1937 – 15 March 2015), former football player
• Juan Bordes (15 July 1948), sculptor
• Juan Hidalgo Codorniu (1927–2018), composer
• José Comas Quesada (3 February 1928 – 14 January 1993), painter
• Pedro Déniz (1 August 1964), Spanish interdisciplinary artist
• José Doreste (19 September 1956), Spanish sailor and olympic champion
• Luis Doreste (7 March 1961), Spanish sailor and 2x olympic champion
• Nicolás Estévanez (1838–1914), military officer, politician and poet
• Manuel Pablo García Díaz (25 January 1976), football (soccer) player
• Nicolás García Hemme (20 June 1988), taekwondo olympic medalist
• Sven Giegold (17 November 1969), German politician
• Mateo Gil (23 September 1972), writer and film director
• Patricia Guerra (21 July 1965), sailor and Olympic champion
• Jesé (26 February 1993), footballer
• Francisco Kraus (1926–2016), Spanish baritone and voice teacher
• Juan Fernando López Aguilar (10 June 1961), former Spanish Minister of Justice
• Úrsula López (1870–1966), singer
• Marta Marrero (16 January 1983), tennis player
• Kira Miró (13 March 1980), actress and presenter
• Roberto Molina (5 June 1960), Spanish sailor and olympic champion
• Juan Negrín (1892–1956), politician; President of Government of Republican Spain 1937–39
• Rebeca Nuez Suarez (10 November 1993), Classical Violinist.
• Pinito del Oro (1930–2017), trapeze artist, member of Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey
• Benito Pérez Galdós (1843–1920), 19th-century writer
• Sandro Ramirez (born 1995), football player
• Leticia Romero (28 May 1995), Spanish international basketball player
• Borja del Rosario (14 January 1985), footballer
• Jerónimo Saavedra Acevedo (3 June 1936), President of the Government of the Canaries, minister of Public administrations, minister of Education and Sciences of Spain and Mayor
• Antonia San Juan (22 May 1961), Spanish actress, director and screenwriter
• Magüi Serna (1 March 1979), tennis player
• Carla Suárez Navarro (3 September 1988), tennis player
• Domingo Tejera de Quesada (1881–1944), publisher and politician
• Juan Carlos Valerón (17 June 1975), footballer
• José de Viera y Clavijo (28 December 1731 – 1813), ecclesiastic historian and botanist

Bibliography

See also: Bibliography of the history of Las Palmas

• Andrews, Sarah; Quintero, Josephine (2007). Canary Islands. Lonely Planet. ISBN   978-1741045956.

Notes

1. The World map of Koppen-Geiger climate classification

1. Full name pronunciation: Spanish:  [las ˈpalmaz ðe ɣɾaŋ kaˈnaɾja]

References

1. Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
2. Demographia: World Urban Areas, 2022
3. Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN   978-1-4058-8118-0.
4. Roach, Peter (2011). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-15253-2.
5. "Real Decreto 1147/2020, de 15 de diciembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2020" (PDF). 15 December 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
6. "Demographia: World Urban Areas" (PDF). Retrieved 11 March 2011.
7. Urban Audit Archived 26 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine – Eurostat.
8. Study on Urban Functions: Final Report Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine – European Spatial Planning Observation Network, ISBN   2-9600467-2-2.
9. "Conurbaciones". Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
10. Europe: metropolitan areas – World Gazetteer, 2012.
11. "Situación y Clima. Ayuntamiento de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria". Laspalmasgc.es. Archived from the original on 29 June 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
12. eterna primavera on turismodecanarias.com.
13. La Junta Suprema de Canarias. Volumen I. Buenaventura Bonnet y Riveron. Real Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País de Tenerife, Editorial: Editorial Interinsular Canaria SA, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 1980 (reedition 1948), pp. 104–106.
14. Britannica, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, britannica.com, USA, accessed on 7 July 2019
15. Andrews & Quintero 2007, p. 27-28.
16. José de Viera y Clavijo (1773). Noticias de la historia general de las Islas de Canaria. pp. 57–58.
17. José de Viera y Clavijo (1773). Noticias de la historia general de las Islas de Canaria. p. 73.
18. Anuario de estudios Atlánticos. 2002. p. 162.
19. Ernle Bradford (1 April 2014). Christopher Columbus. Open Road Media. pp. 74–. ISBN   978-1-4976-1712-4.
20. Samuel Eliot Morison (1991). Christopher Columbus: The Voyage of Discovery, 1492. Dorset Press. p. 53. ISBN   978-0-88029-589-5.
21. Andrews & Quintero 2007, p. 29.
22. Redacción (23 November 2018). "Casa Museo de Colón de Las Palmas - Revista de Viajes y Turismo". revistaiberica.com Viajes y turismo por España y Portugal (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 May 2021.
23. Antonio Rumeu de Armas (1999). La invasión de Las Palmas por el almirante holandés Van der Does en 1599. Cabildo de Gran Canaria. ISBN   978-84-8103-209-3.
24. Agustín Millares Torres (1977). Historia general de las islas Canarias. Cedirca. p. 278. ISBN   978-84-85438-02-0.
25. "Hermanamientos" . Retrieved 16 May 2021.
26. "Datos Poblacionales del término municipal de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Avance del Padrón Municipal. Datos provisionales" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain). 1 January 2007.
27. Agustín Portillo Hahnefeld en Las Canteras y Bahía del Confital, Libro Blanco (op. cit.)
28. Guía de Playas Archived 23 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine , Ministerio de Medio Ambiente de España
29. Playa de la Laja on beach-inspector.com.
30. Boat races on Laja beach, mentioned on grancanarias.wordpress.com.
31. Playa del Confital on beach-inspector.com.
32. «Cuando ya se dominaba el arte, se podía optar por otros lugares como La Barra, el Murro del Lloret o incluso El Confital, que se destaca en las revistas especializadas por la perfección de la ola que, no obstante, no está al alcance de cualquiera. (...) Los surferos de Las Canteras tienen el orgullo de decir que en 'El Confi', nombre por el que lo conocen, se origina la mejor ola 'de derecha' de Europa.» Barrera Artiles (op. cit., pp. 75 y 176.).
33. Entre el 8 y el 14 de octubre tendrá lugar en El Confital el certámen La Caja de Canarias-Ocean & Earth Pro 2007, prueba de categoría cuatro estrellas valedera para las clasificatorias mundiales masculinas de la ASP. Sitio web Archived 22 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine del evento
34. http://köppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf%5B%5D World map of Koppen-Geiger climate classification
35. Climate Atlas of the Archipielagos of the Canary Islands, Madeira and the Azores – AEMET, 2012
36. "Extreme values for Gran Canaria Airport". Aemet.es. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
37. Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de. "Gran Canaria Aeropuerto: Gran Canaria Aeropuerto - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España". www.aemet.es.
38. "Weather Information for Las Palmas". World Meteorological Organization.
39. "World Weather Information Service - Las Palmas de Gran Canaria". worldweather.wmo.int.
40. "Guía resumida del clima en España (1981–2010)". Archived from the original on 18 November 2012.
41. "Las Palmas, Spain – Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
42. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Sea Temperature – seatemperature.org
43. "Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (Spanish Statistical Institute)". www.ine.es. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
44. "ULPGC - HISTORIA". www2.ulpgc.es. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
45. "Contact" for The British School of Gran Canaria. Retrieved on 8 April 2015. Tafira School address: Crta. Tafira a Marzagán, s/n. El Sabinal, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas. South School address: C\ Mar de Azor, 3 El Hornillo, 35100 San Bartolomé de Tirajana, Las Palmas.
46. Lycée Français René-Verneau de Grand Canary, Crta. de Taliarte s/n 35214, Telde (Espagne): "Nous contacter". Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2016. ".
47. "欧州の日本人学校一覧" (). MEXT. Retrieved on 6 April 2015. "ラス・パルマス Japanese School of Las Palmas Carretera Del Centro 47, Tafira Alta, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Espana "
48. Ávila Tàpies, Rosalía (University of Kyoto) and Josefina Domínguez Mujica (Universidad de Las Palmas). "The Canary Islands in the Japanese Imaginary: The Analysis of Three Contemporary Narratives" (Spanish : Canarias en el imaginario japonés: el análisis de tres narrativas contemporáneas; Page archive, PDF archive). Anuario de Estudios Atlánticos ISSN 0570-4065, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (2011), no. 57, pp. 525–56. Received 26 May 2010. Accepted 30 June 2010. English abstract available. CITATION, p. 528 (PDF 4/38): "El colegio japonés «rasuparumasu nihonjin gakko-» en Tafira Baja, abierto en el año 1973 (octubre) como el tercer colegio japonés más antiguo de Europa y el primero de España, se cerró definitivamente en el 2000 (marzo)."
49. "関係機関へのリンク" (Archive). The Japan School of Doha. Retrieved on 31 March 2015. "アテネ日本人学校（2007年3月休校）" and "ラス・パルマス日本人学校（2001年3月閉校）"
50. "General Information". www.canterburyschool.com. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
51. 欧州の補習授業校一覧 (). MEXT, 2 January 2003. Retrieved on 6 April 2015. ラス・パルマス, address: La escueda[ sic ] complementaria japonesa de Las Palmas, Carretera del Centro 47, Tafira Alta, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
52. "Sociedad de Promocion de las Palmas de Gran Canaria". Archived from the original on 4 December 2003. Retrieved 1 January 2004.
53. "Carnival of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria". Laspalmascarnaval.com. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
54. Historic City-Centre of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, on unesco.org.
55. "Canarias7. Cultura. El Teatro Guiniguada reabrirá sus puertas en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria a principios de 2011, después de 10 años cerrado". Canarias7.es. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
56. "Distritos". www.laspalmasgc.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 July 2019.
57. com_easyfaq/Itemid,49/ "Historia de Santa Brígida" ^{[ dead link ]}, Ayuntamiento de Santa Brígida
58. "Lugares de interés histórico cultural de Santa Brígida", Cabildo de Gran Canaria
59. "Discover Arucas". Grancanaria.com. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
60. "mytravelguide.com". mytravelguide.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
61. "El palacete Rodríguez Quegles, nuevo "foco de iniciativas culturales"", La Provincia (in Spanish), Editorial Prensa Canaria, 6 March 2015, retrieved 21 February 2020
62. Britannica, Spain, britannica.com, USA, accessed on 7 July 2019
63. "AENA passenger and aircraft movements for 2008 – Annual report 2009" (PDF). AENA. 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
64. John Pike (27 April 2005). "Space Shuttle Emergency Landing Sites". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
65. "Inicio". Guaguas.com. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
66. "The Company: Global". Global SU. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
67. "Tranvía a Vapor de Las Palmas al Puerto de La Luz". www.spanishrailway.com (in European Spanish). 11 May 2012. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
68. "El tren vertebrado de Goicoechea para Canarias". Treneando (in European Spanish). 6 January 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
69. Quesada, Jesús (16 April 2008). "El tren de la capital al Sur iría de Santa Catalina a Meloneras". www.canarias7.es (in European Spanish). Canarias7 . Retrieved 16 November 2018.
70. "High speed Canaries". Railway Gazette. DVV Media International Ltd. 1 April 2004.
71. "Official page of Real Club De Golf De Las Palmas". Realclubdegolfdelaspalmas.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
72. Hermanamientos. Página oficial del Ayuntamiento de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

External links

• City Council