Leader of the Opposition (Israel)

Last updated
Leader of the Opposition
רֹאשׁ הַאוֹפּוֹזִיצְיָה
Rosh Ha-Opozitzya
Yair Lapid (D1237-011).jpg
Incumbent
Yair Lapid
since 2 January 2023 [1]
Term length While leader of the largest political party in the Knesset that is not in government
First holder Meir Ya'ari

In Israel, the Leader of the Opposition (Hebrew : רֹאשׁ הַאוֹפּוֹזִיצְיָה, Rosh HaOpozitzya) is the politician who leads the Official Opposition in the Knesset, the Israeli parliament. The Leader of the Opposition is, by convention, the leader of the largest political party in the Knesset that is not in (or supports) the government.

Contents

History

Informal role, until 2000

Until 2000, the role of the Opposition Leader was not an official position, but rather an honorary role. The Leader of the Opposition was the leader of the largest party not in government.

Even with the absence of a law defining the role of the Opposition Leader, it was customary for the Prime Minister to hold regular meetings with the leader of the largest opposition party. However, this was done only at the prerogative of the Prime Minister.

Formalised role, post-2000

In early 2000, two bills to amend the Opposition Leader's status were submitted to the Knesset, one by the government and one by MK Uzi Landau. The bills were merged into one amendment, and on 17 July 2000, the Knesset approved Amendment 8 to the "Knesset Law" of 1994, adding chapter 6 that outlined the role of the Leader of the Opposition. [2] The law stipulates the selection of the Opposition Leader, the method of their replacement, regulates their ceremonial role in various official events, and obliges the prime minister to update them once a month. The law also stipulates that the Opposition Leader's salary will be determined by Knesset committee, and shall not be lower than a salary of a Cabinet minister.

List of Opposition leaders

Leaders of the largest opposition party

Name
(Birth–Death)
PortraitPartyTerm startTerm endGovernment(s)
opposed
Prime minister(s)
opposed
Knesset
1 Meir Ya'ari
מאיר יערי
(1897–1987)
Yaari.jpg Mapam 10 March 19498 October 1951 1 David Ben-Gurion
(Mapai)
1st
2
2 Peretz Bernstein
פרץ ברנשטיין
(1890–1971)
Peretz Bernstein.jpg General Zionists 8 October 195124 December 1952 3 2nd
(1) Meir Ya'ari
מאיר יערי
(1897–1987)
Yaari.jpg Mapam 24 December 195229 June 1955 4
5 Moshe Sharett
(Mapai)
(2) Peretz Bernstein
פרץ ברנשטיין
(1890–1971)
Peretz Bernstein.jpg General Zionists 29 June 19553 November 1955 6
3 Menachem Begin
מנחם בגין
(1913–1992)
Menachem Begin (990044423610205171) (cropped).jpg Herut 3 November 19555 June 1967 7 David Ben-Gurion
(Mapai)
3rd
8
9 4th
10 5th
11 Levi Eshkol
(Mapai 1963–1966;
Mapai/Labor Alignment 1966–1967)
12
Gahal
Herut
13 6th
4 Yitzhak-Meir Levin
יצחק-מאיר לוין
(1893–1971)
Yitzhak Meir Levin.jpg Agudat Yisrael 5 June 19676 August 1970 14 Golda Meir
(Labor/Alignment)
15 7th
(3) Menachem Begin
מנחם בגין
(1913–1992)
Arrival Ceremony for State Visit of Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel on South Lawn (cropped).jpg Gahal
Herut
6 August 197020 June 1977
Likud
Herut
16 8th
17 Yitzhak Rabin
(Labor/Alignment)
5 Shimon Peres
שמעון פרס
(1923–2016)
Shimon Peres (1986).jpg Alignment
Labor Party
20 June 197713 September 1984 18 Menachem Begin
(Herut/Likud
9th
19 10th
20 Yitzhak Shamir
(Herut/Likud)
6 Yuval Ne'eman
יובל נאמן
(1925–2006)
Yuval neeman (cropped).jpg Tehiya-Tzomet
Tehiya
13 September 198422 December 1988 21 Shimon Peres
(Labor/Alignment)
11th
22 Yitzhak Shamir
(Herut/Likud 1986–1988;
Likud 1988–1992
Tehiya
7 Shulamit Aloni
שולמית אלוני
(1928–2014)
Shulamit Aloni.jpg Ratz 22 December 198815 March 1990 23 12th
(5) Shimon Peres
שמעון פרס
(1923–2016)
Shimon Peres 1994.jpg Alignment
Labor Party
15 March 1990February 1992 24
Labor Party
8 Yitzhak Rabin
יִצְחָק רַבִּין
(1922–1995)
Primary Elections in The Israeli Labour Party, 1992 II Dan Hadani Archive.jpg February 199213 July 1992
9 Yitzhak Shamir
יצחק שמיר
(1915–2012)
Flickr - Government Press Office (GPO) - HADERA ABSORPTION CENTER (cropped).jpg Likud 13 July 199224 March 1993 25 Yitzhak Rabin
(Labor)
13th
10 Benjamin Netanyahu
בנימין נתניהו
(born 1949)
Flickr - Government Press Office (GPO) - P.M. Benjamin Netanyahu (crop).jpg 24 March 199318 June 1996
26 Shimon Peres
(Labor)
Likud-Gesher-Tzomet
Likud
(5) Shimon Peres
שמעון פרס
(1923–2016)
Shimon Peres 1999.jpg Labor Party 18 June 19961 July 1997 27 Benjamin Netanyahu
(Likud)
14th
11 Ehud Barak
אהוד ברק
(born 1942)
Ehud Barak Face.jpg Labor Party 1 July 19976 July 1999
One Israel
Labor Party
12 Ariel Sharon
אריאל שרון
(1928–2014)
Ariel Sharon 2001.jpg Likud 6 July 199930 July 2000 28 Ehud Barak
(Labor)
15th

Designated Opposition Leaders

After Amendment 8 to the "Knesset law" of 1994 was passed, the Leader of the Opposition became an official position held by the leader of the largest faction within the opposition.

Name
(Birth–Death)
PortraitPartyTerm startTerm endGovernment(s)
opposed
Prime minister(s)
opposed
Knesset
12 Ariel Sharon
אריאל שרון
(1928–2014)
Ariel Sharon 2001.jpg Likud 31 July 20007 March 2001 28 Ehud Barak
(Labor)
15th
13 Yossi Sarid
יוסי שריד
(1940–2015)
Yossi Sarid.JPG Meretz 7 March 20014 November 2002 29 Ariel Sharon
(Likud 2001–2005;
Kadima 2005–2006)
14 Binyamin Ben-Eliezer
בנימין בן אליעזר
(1936–2016)
syvr SHr hbytKHvn bnymyn bn Aly`zr bKHyl hAvvyr (cropped).jpg Labor Party 4 November 200212 March 2003
30 16th
15 Amram Mitzna
עמרם מצנע
(born 1945)
Amram Mitzna.jpg Labor-Meimad
Labor Party
12 March 200313 May 2003
16 Dalia Itzik
דליה איציק
(born 1952)
Dalya itzik.jpg 13 May 200325 June 2003
(5) Shimon Peres
שמעון פרס
(1923–2016)
Shimon Peres by David Shankbone.jpg 25 June 200310 January 2005
17 Yosef Lapid
יוסף לפיד
(1931–2008)
Tommy Lapid (00360860).jpg Shinui 10 January 200523 November 2005
18 Amir Peretz
עמיר פרץ
(born 1952)
Amir Peretz, 2006.jpg Labor-Meimad
Labor Party
23 November 200516 January 2006
(10) Benjamin Netanyahu
בנימין נתניהו
(born 1949)
Benjamin Netanyahu portrait.jpg Likud 16 January 200617 April 2006
17 April 200631 March 2009 31 Ehud Olmert
(Kadima)
17th
19 Tzipi Livni
ציפי לבני
(born 1958)
Tzipi Livni 2.JPG Kadima 6 April 20092 April 2012 32 Benjamin Netanyahu
(Likud)
18th
20 Shaul Mofaz
שאול מופז
(born 1948)
Shaul Mofaz.jpg Kadima 2 April 20129 May 2012
21 Shelly Yachimovich
שלי יחימוביץ׳
(born 1960)
SHly.jpg Labor Party 9 May 201223 July 2012
(20) Shaul Mofaz
שאול מופז
(born 1948)
Shaul Mofaz.jpg Kadima 23 July 20125 February 2013
(21) Shelly Yachimovich
שלי יחימוביץ׳
(born 1960)
SHly.jpg Labor Party 5 February 201325 November 2013
33 19th
22 Isaac Herzog
יצחק הרצוג
(1960–)
Isaac Herzog 2004.JPG 25 November 201314 May 2015
Zionist Union
Labor Party
14 May 201531 July 2018 34 20th
(19) Tzipi Livni
ציפי לבני
(born 1958)
Tzipi Livni (38130112).jpg Zionist Union
Hatnuah
1 August 20181 January 2019
(21) Shelly Yachimovich
שלי יחימוביץ׳
(born 1960)
SHly.jpg Labor Party 1 January 201930 April 2019
21st
22nd
Vacant de jure, Benny Gantz de facto30 April 201917 May 2020
23 Yair Lapid
יאיר לפיד
(born 1963)
Yair Lapid 2021 (cropped).jpg Yesh Atid 17 May 20206 April 2021 35 23rd
(10) Benjamin Netanyahu
בנימין נתניהו
(born 1949)
Benyamin Netanyahu, Aug. 2019 (48598784726) (cropped) 2.jpg Likud 28 June 202129 December 2022 36 Naftali Bennett
(Yamina/New Right)
Yair Lapid
(Yesh Atid)
24th
(23) Yair Lapid
יאיר לפיד
(born 1963)
Israeli Opposition Leader Yair Lapid in November 2023 - (53307089636) (cropped).jpg Yesh Atid 2 January 2023Present 37 Benjamin Netanyahu
(Likud)
25th

See Also

References

  1. Leader of the Opposition Knesset
  2. "Leader of the Opposition". knesset.gov.il. 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2020.