See also
| Creation and control |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Free France | ||
| Domestic operations |
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| Underground media | ||
| Free French Africa | ||
| Liberation of France | ||
| Leaders | ||
| Museums and Memorials | ||
| International | |
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| National | |
Libération-Nord ("Liberation-North") was one of the principal resistance movements in the northern occupied zone of France during the Second World War.
It was one of the eight great networks making up the National Council of the Resistance.
Initially an underground newspaper, from December 1940 to November 1941 Libération-Nord was transformed into a resistance movement. Aiming to express the secret movements of the non-communist unions among the Confédération générale du travail the Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens and the Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO), Libération-Nord was formed around Christian Pineau and the team of the Manifeste des douze. The movement was not entirely socialist but the leadership was socialist.
In 1942, two resistance networks were created from within Libération-Nord under the command of the Bureau central de renseignements et d'action:
In early 1943 Libération-Nord began to organise armed groups under the impetus of Jean Cavaillès and Colonel Zarapoff. Represented at the National Council of the Resistance, where he exerted the influence of the underground SFIO, the movement withheld its participation from the Mouvements unis de la Résistance in December 1943.
With the instar of the Organisation civile et militaire, Libération-Nord failed to create a great workers' party with its origins in the resistance.
| Creation and control | | |
|---|---|---|
| Free France | ||
| Domestic operations |
| |
| Underground media | ||
| Free French Africa | ||
| Liberation of France | ||
| Leaders | ||
| Museums and Memorials | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
Pierre Brossolette was a French journalist, left-wing politician and major hero of the French Resistance in World War II. He ran an intelligence hub of Parisian resistance at the Rue de la Pompe, before serving as a liaison officer in London, where he also was a radio anchor for the BBC. Arrested in Brittany as he was trying to reach the UK on a mission back from France alongside Émile Bollaert, Brossolette was taken into custody by the Sicherheitsdienst. He committed suicide by jumping out of a window at their headquarters on 84 Avenue Foch in Paris as he feared he would reveal the lengths of French Resistance networks under torture; he died of his wounds at Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital later that day. In 2015, his ashes were transferred to the Panthéon with national honours at the request of President François Hollande, alongside politician Jean Zay and fellow Resistance members Germaine Tillion and Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz.
Combat was a large movement in the French Resistance created in the non-occupied zone of France during the World War II (1939–1945).
The Francist Movement was a French Fascist and anti-semitic league created by Marcel Bucard in September 1933 that edited the newspaper Le Francisme. Mouvement franciste reached a membership of 10,000 and was financed by the Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini. Its members were deemed the francistes or Chemises bleues (Blueshirts) and gave the Roman salute.
La Voix du Nord is a regional daily newspaper from the north of France. Its headquarters are in Lille.
The National Council of the Resistance (also, National Resistance Council; in French: Conseil National de la Résistance, was the body that directed and coordinated the different movements of the French Resistance: the press, trade unions and members of political parties hostile to the Vichy regime, starting from mid-1943.
Jean Cavaillès was a French philosopher and logician who specialized in philosophy of mathematics and philosophy of science. He took part in the French Resistance within the Libération movement and was arrested by the Gestapo on 17 February 1944 and shot on 4 April 1944.
Augustin Malroux was a French socialist politician and member of the French Resistance, a teacher by profession.
The Rally of Republican Lefts was an electoral alliance during the French Fourth Republic composed of the Radical Party, the Independent Radicals, the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR) and several conservative groups. Headed by Jean-Paul David, founder of the anti-Communist movement Paix et Liberté, it was in fact a right-of-center conservative coalition, which presented candidates to the June 1946, November 1946, and 1951 legislative elections.
Libération-sud was a resistance group active between 1940-1944 and created in the Free Zone of France during the Second World War in order to fight against the Nazi occupation through coordinated sabotage and propaganda operations.
The armée secrète was a French military organization active during World War II. The collective grouped the paramilitary formations of the three most important Gaullist resistance movements in the southern zone.
The Organisation civile et militaire was one of the great movements of the French Resistance in the zone occupée, the German-occupied region of northern France, during the Second World War.
Élie Bloncourt was a French politician who represented the department of Aisne in the French National Assembly from 1936 to 1946. He was blinded by a shrapnel blast in the First World War and was part of the French resistance movement in World War II. He had a degree in philosophy and worked as a high school teacher, while also being involved in organizational works relating to veterans' affairs, pacifism and politics.
The Left in France was represented at the beginning of the 20th century by two main political parties, namely the Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party and the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), created in 1905 as a merger of various Marxist parties.
Augustin Laurent was a French coal miner, journalist and socialist politician. He was a national deputy both before and after World War II (1939–45). During the war he was active in the French Resistance. After the liberation of France he was Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones in the provisional government between September 1944 and June 1945. He was active as a socialist in the post-war legislature until 1951, when he decided to focus on local politics. He was mayor of Lille from 1955 to 1973.
Albert Gazier was a French trade union leader and politician. During World War II (1939–45) he helped reorganize the unions during the German occupation of France. He escaped arrest by the Gestapo, made his way to England, and represented the trade union movement in General de Gaulle's Free French government. After the war he was a deputy in the legislature from 1945 to 1958. He was Minister of Information from 1950 to 1951 and again for two weeks in 1958. He was Minister of Social Affairs from 1956 to 1957. As a minister he tried but failed to contain health costs, and contributed to the fiasco of the Suez Crisis.
Maxime Blocq-Mascart was a French banker, economist and lobbyist who became a leader of the French Resistance during World War II (1939–45). He had antisemitic sympathies. He headed the conservative Organisation civile et militaire (OCM) in the later part of the war. After the war he was involved in various organizations to assist resistance members and families who had been disrupted by deportations. He supported eugenic approaches to revive the falling birthrate. He was a Conseller d'Etat from 1951 to 1962.
The clandestine press of the French Resistance was collectively responsible for printing flyers, broadsheets, newspapers, and even books in secret in France during the German occupation of France in the Second World War. The secret press was used to disseminate the ideas of the French Resistance in cooperation with the Free French, and played an important role in the liberation of France and in the history of French journalism, particularly during the 1944 Freedom of the Press Ordinances.
René Parodi was a French magistrate, member of the French resistance and publisher of an underground newspaper during World War II. He was reported as hanged after torture and imprisonment by the Gestapo.
Honoré Commeurec was a French typographer, union activist, printing cooperative leader, city councillor, politician and resistance member. He was arrested during the Vichy government, tortured and transported by the Nazis to Neuengamme concentration camp in Hamburg, where he died.
