Lint voor Verwonding

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Lint voor Verwonding

Lint voor Verwonding, as worn.jpg

The Lint voor Verwonding, as worn by Captain C.J. Lourens DTD of the Union Defence Forces, former Assistant Field Cornet and Adjutant of Wakkerstroom Commando during the Anglo-Boer War. The awards depicted are the Dekoratie voor Trouwe Dienst , Medalje voor de Anglo-Boere Oorlog , Lint voor Verwonding, 1914-15 Star, British War Medal and Victory Medal, the last two mounted with reverse displayed.
Awarded by the Monarch of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India
CountryRed Ensign of South Africa (1912-1951).svg  South Africa
Type Riband
Eligibility Boer military veterans
Awarded for Being wounded on active service
Campaign(s) 1899–1902 Anglo-Boer War
Status Discontinued in 1946
Clasps None
Statistics
Established 1920
First awarded 1921
Last awarded 1949
Total awarded 1,060
South African order of wear
Next (higher) Red Ensign of South Africa 1912-1928.svg Medalje voor de Anglo-Boere Oorlog
Next (lower) Flag of the United Kingdom.svg King's South Africa Medal
Lint voor Verwonding SAR.gif Lint voor Verwonding OFS.png
SAR and OFS riband bar orientations

The Lint voor Verwonding (Wound Riband) is a South African military campaign award. It was instituted on 21 December 1920 as a retrospective award for Boer veteran officers and men of the 1899–1902 Second Boer War who had been wounded in action. [1] [2] [3] [4]

Boer descendants of Dutch-speaking settlers in Southern Africa

Boer is the Dutch and Afrikaans noun for "farmer". In South African contexts, "Boers" refers to the descendants of the then Dutch-speaking settlers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 18th and much of the 19th century. From 1652 to 1795 the Dutch East India Company controlled this area, but the United Kingdom incorporated it into the British Empire in 1806.

Second Boer War war between South African Republic and the United Kingdom

The Second Boer War was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa. It is also known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, or South African War. Initial Boer attacks were successful, and although British reinforcements later reversed these, the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare, until harsh British counter-measures brought them to terms.

Contents

Institution

The Lint voor Verwonding, officially designated Lint voor Verwonding Opgedaan Gedurende de Anglo-Boeroorlog, 1899–1902 (Riband for Wounds Sustained During the Anglo-Boer War, 1899–1902) and referred to as the Lint voor Wonden in some subsequent official documents, was instituted in terms of Government Notice no. 2307 dated 21 December 1920 and published in the Union of South Africa Government Gazette of 24 December 1920. It was a retrospective award for Boer veteran officers and men who were wounded in action while serving in the combat forces of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State during the Second Boer War between 11 October 1899 and 31 May 1902. [1] [4]

Since neither of the two Boer Republics, the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, had official honours systems of their own, the riband was created to afford Boer veteran officers and men, who were serving as members of the Union Defence Forces, parity with their fellow South Africans who had fought on the British side in the war. [1] [3] [5]

South African Republic Former republic in southern Africa

The South African Republic, also referred to as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent and internationally recognised country in Southern Africa from 1852 to 1902. The country defeated the British in what is often referred to as the First Boer War and remained independent until the end of the Second Boer War on 31 May 1902, when it was forced to surrender to the British. After the war the territory of the ZAR became the Transvaal Colony.

Orange Free State independent Boer sovereign republic in southern Africa

The Orange Free State was an independent Boer sovereign republic in southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, which ceased to exist after it was defeated and surrendered to the British Empire at the end of the Second Boer War in 1902. It is the historical precursor to the present-day Free State province. Extending between the Orange and Vaal rivers, its borders were determined by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1848 when the region was proclaimed as the Orange River Sovereignty, with a seat of a British Resident in Bloemfontein.

Union Defence Force (South Africa)

The Union Defence Force (UDF) was the military force of the Union of South Africa from 1 July 1912, when the Defence Act took effect, two years after the creation of the Union of South Africa, until 1957 when it was reorganised and renamed the South African Defence Force.

Notices did appear in the Transvaal Government Gazette in May 1900 about the eventual issue of a decoration for bravery for Republican soldiers, but as a result of the eventual British victory, this did not materialise. [1] [3] [5]

The Union Defence Forces (UDF) were established in 1912. In 1913, Colonel Skinner, Commandant of the Military School in Bloemfontein, remarked on the fact that some of the officers attending a course, who had fought valiantly in the Republican Forces, were without medal ribbons whilst their brother officers who had served on the British side were all well decorated. Colonel Skinner made representations to Defence Headquarters to have this omission rectified but, due to the outbreak of the First World War, nothing was done about the matter until 1920, when the Dekoratie voor Trouwe Dienst , the Medalje voor de Anglo-Boere Oorlog and the Lint voor Verwonding were instituted. [1] [5]

Dekoratie voor Trouwe Dienst

The Dekoratie voor Trouwe Dienst, post-nominal letters DTD, is a South African military decoration. It was instituted in 1920 as a retrospective award for Boer officers of the 1899–1902 Second Boer War.

Medalje voor de Anglo-Boere Oorlog

The Medalje voor de Anglo-Boere Oorlog is a South African military campaign medal. It was instituted on 21 December 1920 as a retrospective award for Boer veteran officers and men who fought in the 1899–1902 Second Boer War.

Award criteria

The Lint voor Verwonding was awarded, upon certified application, to veterans who had been wounded on active service while serving in the Republican forces between 11 October 1899 and 31 May 1902. Recipients had to be serving members of the Union Defence Forces, or available to be called up for service in terms of the South African Defence Act of 1912. [1] [2] [3] [4]

Order of wear

Campaign medals and stars are not listed by name in the order of wear prescribed by the British Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, but are all grouped together as taking precedence after the Queen's Medal for Chiefs and before the Polar Medals, in order of the date of the campaign for which awarded. [6]

However, even though the Republican awards for the Second Boer War, the Dekoratie voor Trouwe Dienst and the two campaign awards, the Medalje voor de Anglo-Boere Oorlog and the Lint voor Verwonding, were instituted on behalf of King George V by His Royal Highness, the Governor General of the Union of South Africa, the Dekoratie voor Trouwe Dienst is not listed in the British order of wear and the two campaign awards would therefore most likely also have been excluded. [6]

South Africa

In the South African order of wear, the Lint voor Verwonding has the status of a campaign medal and, even though it has no accompanying medal, it takes precedence in wear after the Medalje voor de Anglo-Boere Oorlog and before the King's South Africa Medal. As worn on uniform, the riband was mounted with other decorations and medals on the medal rack, as illustrated in the main picture. On a ribbon bar it was mounted like a regular medal ribbon. [1] [5] [7]

With effect from 6 April 1952, when a new South African set of decorations and medals was instituted to replace the British awards used to date, the older British decorations and medals awarded to South Africans continued to be worn in the same order of precedence but, with the exception of the Victoria Cross, took precedence after all South African decorations and medals awarded to South Africans on or after that date. Amongst the official British campaign medals which were applicable to South Africans, the Lint voor Verwonding takes precedence as shown. [4] [8]

Ribbon - SAR & OFS War Medal (SAR).png Lint voor Verwonding SAR.gif King's South Africa Medal.png

Description

Initial version of the certificate of the Lint voor Verwonding, awarded to Luitenant I.J. Meyer of the ZAR forces Lint voor Verwonding a.jpg
Initial version of the certificate of the Lint voor Verwonding, awarded to Luitenant I.J. Meyer of the ZAR forces
Later version of the certificate of the Lint voor Verwonding, awarded to Burger W. Kool of the ZAR forces Lint voor Verwonding b.jpg
Later version of the certificate of the Lint voor Verwonding, awarded to Burger W. Kool of the ZAR forces

The Lint voor Verwonding was issued with a printed certificate. The initial version was a plain undecorated certificate, filled out by hand, showing the rank and name of the recipient and the Republican Force with which he had served. It also included the recipient's file number at top left of the document. [7]

The later type of certificate was decorated with a full colour reproduction of the riband. The Republican Force with which the recipient had served was pre-printed on this version, but it did not make provision for the recipient's file number. [7]

The riband is 1 1⁄2 inches (38 millimetres) wide and in the combined colours of the two former Republics. While these colours were gazetted as red, green, white, blue and orange, the orange appears as yellow on the actual ribbons and was also printed as yellow on the second version of the certificate. As worn by a South African Republic veteran, it has a 3 millimetres wide red band, a 14½ millimetres wide green band, a 4 millimetres wide white band, a 14½ millimetres wide orange band and a 3 millimetres wide blue band. An Orange Free State veteran would wear the riband reversed, with the blue band on the left. [1] [7]

Discontinuation

The original closing date for applications was 30 June 1921, but this was not strictly adhered to. The gazetted regulations, in effect, actually excluded many men who had fought on the Boer side, such as the members of the various foreign units and potentially also the Natal and Cape rebels. In later years, the regulations were less stringently enforced and the eventual qualification for award was proof that the applicant had fought against the British without surrendering or taking either parole or the oath of allegiance prior to 31 May 1902, and had been wounded in action. [5]

Altogether 1,060 Lint voor Verwonding Certificates were awarded. As far as could be traced, the last award of the Lint voor Verwonding was made on 3 November 1949. [7]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The South African Military History Society – Military History Journal, Vol 1 No 1, December 1967 – Dekoratie Voor Trouwe Dienst (the D.T.D.), by D. R. Forsyth (Retrieved 2015-01-28)
  2. 1 2 Alexander, E.G.M., Barron, G.K.B. and Bateman, A.J. (1986). South African Orders, Decorations and Medals. Human and Rousseau.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Monick, S, (1988). South African Military Awards 1912–1987. South African National Museum of Military History.
  4. 1 2 3 4 South African Medal Website – Boer Republican Forces (Accessed 2 May 2015)
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 The Soldier's Burden – The Anglo Boer War 1899–1902 – Medals to men and woman on the Boer side, by Henk Loots (Retrieved 2015-01-29)
  6. 1 2 "No. 56878". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 March 2003. p. 3352.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 The Soldier's Burden – The DTD, ABO and LvW – Awards to the Boer Side: Anglo Boer War 1899–1902, by Henk Loots (Retrieved 2015-01-29)
  8. ↑ Republic of South Africa Government Gazette Vol. 477, no. 27376, Pretoria, 11 March 2005, OCLC   72827981
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