LGBTI Olympians and Paralympians |
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Lists of LGBT+ Summer Olympic athletes Contents |
List of LGBT+ Winter Olympians; by debut |
List of LGBT+ Paralympians; by debut |
List of intersex Olympians |
List of LGBT+ artists at the Olympics |
History and issues |
There have been 704 modern Olympians [lower-alpha 1] (including Paralympians, Summer Olympic athletes and artists, and Winter Olympians) who have identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, pansexual, non-binary, queer, and/or having an intersex condition, or who have openly been in a same-sex relationship. The first Olympic Games in which an athlete now known to be LGBT+ competed was the 1900 Summer Olympics, also the first LGBT+ Olympic medalist and first contemporaneously out Olympian. [lower-alpha 2] The 1932 Summer Olympics was the first instance of an athlete now known to be intersex competing, also winning a medal. [lower-alpha 3] LGBT+ Olympians have contested events across over 60 sports, as well as several artistic events. The majority of LGBT+ Olympians are female. The Olympic sport with the most LGBT+ participants is football. The nation with the most out LGBT+ Olympians is the United States, including two who have also competed for other nations. [lower-alpha 1]
The most decorated LGBT+ Olympian is British Paralympic equestrian Lee Pearson, with 17 medals including 14 golds; [lower-alpha 4] the most decorated able-bodied LGBT+ Olympian is Dutch speed skater Ireen Wüst, with 13 medals including 6 golds; [lower-alpha 5] the most decorated able-bodied LGBT+ Summer Olympian is Australian swimmer Ian Thorpe, with 9 medals including 5 golds. [lower-alpha 2] LGBT+ Olympians who hold Olympic records include Wüst; [lower-alpha 6] footballers Pia Sundhage and Vivianne Miedema; [lower-alpha 7] rower Emma Twigg; [lower-alpha 8] and triple jumper Yulimar Rojas, who also holds the world record. [lower-alpha 9] At least 317 LGBT+ Olympians are medalists (45.03% of LGBT+ Olympians), of which 148 have at least one gold medal (21.02%). [lower-alpha 10]
All based on the Lists of LGBTQI+ Olympians and Paralympians
Sport | Number of Olympians by gender [N 16] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Male | Non-binary | Total | |||||
Cisgender | Transgender | Intersex | Cisgender | Transgender | Intersex | |||
Alpine skiing & Para-alpine skiing | 4 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 5 |
Archery | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 |
Athletics & Para-athletics | 28 | 1 [N 17] | 9 | 13 | 2 [N 18] | 1 [N 18] | 2 [N 18] | 56 |
Badminton | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 |
Basketball & Wheelchair basketball | 47 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 [N 18] | 48 |
Beach volleyball | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 |
Biathlon | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 |
Bobsleigh | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 2 |
Boxing | 9 | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | 13 |
Canoeing and Kayaking & Paracanoe | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 |
Cross-country skiing & Para cross-country skiing | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 |
Curling | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
Cycling & Paracycling | 18 [N 19] | 1 [N 18] | — | 1 | — | — | — | 20 |
Diving | — | — | — | 12 | — | — | — | 12 |
Equestrian & Para-equestrian | 1 | — | — | 19 | — | — | — | 20 |
Fencing & Wheelchair fencing | 4 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 5 |
Figure skating | 5 | — | — | 26 | — | — | 1 [N 17] | 32 |
Football | 152 | — | 1 | 3 | — | — | 1 [N 18] | 157 |
Freestyle skiing | 4 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 5 |
Goalball | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 |
Golf | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 |
Gymnastics | 7 | — | — | 11 | — | — | — | 18 |
Handball | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15 |
Hockey | 20 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 21 |
Ice hockey | 31 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 31 |
Judo & Para Judo | 16 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 17 |
Luge | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
Rowing & Pararowing | 20 | — | — | 4 | — | — | 1 [N 18] | 25 |
Rugby sevens | 22 | — | — | — | 1 [N 18] | — | — | 23 |
Sailing | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 |
Shooting | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 |
Skateboarding | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 [N 18] | 7 |
Skeleton | 4 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | 6 |
Ski jumping | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 2 |
Snowboarding | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 |
Softball | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 |
Speed skating | 7 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 8 |
Surfing | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 |
Swimming | 15 | — | — | 21 [N 20] | — | 1 | — | 37 |
Table tennis | — | — | — | — | 1 [N 18] | — | — | 1 |
Taekwondo & Parataekwondo | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 3 |
Tennis & Wheelchair tennis | 18 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 19 |
Triathlon & Paratriathlon | 4 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 5 |
Volleyball & Sitting volleyball | 14 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 15 |
Water polo | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 2 |
Weightlifting | — | 1 [N 18] | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
Wrestling | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
Art | Number of Olympians by gender [N 16] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Male | Non-binary | Total | |||||
Cisgender | Transgender | Intersex | Cisgender | Transgender | Intersex | |||
Epic Literature | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
Dance [N 21] | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 2 |
Drawings and water colours (Painting) | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | 2 |
Graphic arts | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | 2 |
Literature (Open) | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | 3 |
Lyric works (Literature) | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | 2 |
Painting | 1 | — | — | 6 | — | — | — | 7 |
Sculpting (Open) | 2 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | 4 |
Statue sculpting | 5 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 6 |
Athletes with disorders of sex development (DSD) may be known as intersex, with the terms often understood interchangeably; the term "hermaphrodite" is now widely discredited. [378] DSDs are congenital conditions affecting the reproductive system, in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. [379] As a biological status, intersex people may identify as heterosexual and cisgender. However, significant overlap with the LGBT community [380] [381] and "shared experiences of harm arising from dominant societal sex and gender norms" has led to intersex people often being included under the LGBT umbrella, with the acronym sometimes expanded to LGBTI. [382] While intersex people face specific issues that LGBT people do not, [383] in sports they are often considered alongside transgender athletes who have transitioned, with similar barriers to participation. [384] The athletes listed below may or may not associate with the LGBT or LGBTI community.
The Gay and Lesbian International Sport Association (GLISA) was an international gay and lesbian, culture and human rights association. Their last update was issued in March 2016, and the website has been offline since October 2017. The focus of GLISA was developing gay and lesbian sport worldwide. This was engineered through sanctioning world and continental games, creating a global calendar of LGBT events, fostering the creation of new LGBT federations, clubs and teams, supporting existing LGBT sport organizations, working in partnership with other sport organization to pursue this mandate, and providing the financial framework to support GLISA's global efforts.
Ryan Thomas O'Callaghan is a former American football offensive tackle. He played college football for the California Golden Bears and was selected by the New England Patriots in the fifth round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He also played for the Kansas City Chiefs.
Outsports is a sports news website concerned with LGBT issues and personalities in amateur and professional sports. The company was founded in 1999 by Cyd Zeigler, Jr. and Jim Buzinski.
Cyd Zeigler Jr. is a commentator and author in the field of sexuality and sports. Zeigler co-founded Outsports and the National Gay Flag Football League. He had a featured part in the documentary F(l)ag Football (2015).
Joan Guetschow is an American Olympic biathlete. She competed at the Olympic Games in 1992 in Albertville, France, and 1994 in Lillehammer, Norway. She finished 17th in Lillehammer in the 15 km distance event, hitting 19/20 targets. She also competed for her country in the World Championships in Lahti in 1991 and Borovetz in 1993. She was the overall winner of the first-ever Olympic Trials for the U.S. Women's Olympic Biathlon Team in 1992. In 1994 she also won Olympic Trials.
The National Gay Basketball Association (NGBA) is an LGBTQ sports organization which exists to promote gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender athletic participation in basketball.
The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other non-heterosexual or non-cisgender (LGBTQ+) community is prevalent within sports across the world.
Chris Mosier is an American advocate for transgender rights and competitive triathlete, duathlete, and racewalker. He started his athletic career before transitioning, started his transition in 2010, and in 2015 earned a spot on the Team USA sprint duathlon men's team for the 2016 World Championship in the men's 35-39 age group division, making him the first known out trans athlete to join a U.S. national team different from his sex at birth.
There has been only one player who has publicly come out as gay or bisexual while being an active player in the National Football League (NFL): Carl Nassib, who revealed himself as gay on June 21, 2021, while with the Las Vegas Raiders. He became the first openly gay player to play in an NFL game on September 13, 2021. He later became the first openly gay player in an NFL playoff game on January 15, 2022. Six former NFL players have come out publicly after they retired. In the 2014 NFL draft, the St. Louis Rams drafted Michael Sam in the seventh round, the 249th of 256 players selected, which made him the first openly gay player to be drafted into the NFL. However, on August 30, St. Louis released Sam as part of a final round of cuts to reduce their roster to the league-mandated 53 players before the start of the regular season.
Athletes and artists who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, pansexual, non-binary, queer, and/or intersex, and/or who have openly been in a same-sex relationship (LGBTQI+) have competed in the Olympic and Paralympic Games, either openly, or having come out some time afterward.
Although gay athletes and coaches are increasingly accepted in college sports, they continue to be controversial among some people.
Paul O'Brien is a New Zealand equestrian. He competed in the team eventing at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He identifies as gay.
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