List of countries by income equality

Last updated

World map of income inequality Gini coefficients by country. Based on World Bank data ranging from 1992 to 2020.
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Above 50%
Between 45% and 50%
Between 40% and 45%
Between 35% and 40%
Between 30% and 35%
Below 30%
No data Map of countries by GINI coefficient (1990 to 2020).svg
World map of income inequality Gini coefficients by country. Based on World Bank data ranging from 1992 to 2020.
  •   Above 50%
  •   Between 45% and 50%
  •   Between 40% and 45%
  •   Between 35% and 40%
  •   Between 30% and 35%
  •   Below 30%
  •   No data

This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect equality (where everyone has the same income) and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality (where one person has all the incomeand everyone else has no income).

Contents

Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country (see List of countries by wealth inequality). Income from black market economic activity is not included and is the subject of current economic research. [2] [3]

UN, World Bank and CIA list – income ratios and Gini indices

Row numbers are static. Other columns are sortable. This allows ranking of any column.

Key:

R/P 10%
The ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%.
R/P 20%
The ratio of the average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%.
Gini
Gini index, a quantified representation of a nation's Lorenz curve. A Gini index of 0% expresses perfect equality, while index of 100% expresses maximal inequality.
UN
Data from the United Nations Development Programme.
CIA
Data from the Central Intelligence Agency's The World Factbook .
Country Subregion Region UN R/PCIA R/P [4] World Bank Gini [5] [6]
10% [4] 20% [7] 10%Year %Year
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania Southern Europe Europe 7.24.27.2200429.42020
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria Northern Africa Africa 9.64.09.6199527.62011
Flag of Angola.svg  Angola Middle Africa Africa 9.051.32018
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina South America Americas 31.68.835.0200742.02021
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia Western Asia Asia 8.05.025.8200427.92021
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Australia, New Zealand Oceania 12.56.312.7199434.32018
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria Western Europe Europe 6.94.96.8200429.82020
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan Western Asia Asia 9.79.5200126.62005
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh Southern Asia Asia 7.54.87.5200031.82022
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus Eastern Europe Europe 6.93.66.9200224.42020
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium Western Europe Europe 8.24.28.32000262020
Flag of Belize.svg  Belize Central America Americas 28.819.9201357.91999
Flag of Benin.svg  Benin Western Africa Africa 9.416.39.4200337.92018
Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan Southern Asia Asia 6.628.52022
Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg  Bolivia South America Americas 93.911.8157.3200240.92021
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina Southern Europe Europe 5.45.45.52001332011
Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana Southern Africa Africa 43.015.053.32015
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil South America Americas 16.521.116.3201352.92021
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria Eastern Europe Europe 7.07.38.8200540.52020
Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso Western Africa Africa 11.65.311.5200343.02018
Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi Eastern Africa Africa 19.36.719.3199838.62013
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia South-eastern Asia Asia 12.212.02004362013
Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon Middle Africa Africa 15.711.515.4200146.62014
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Northern America Americas 9.46.29.5200031.72019
Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde Western Africa Africa 10.742.42015
Flag of the Central African Republic.svg  Central African Republic Middle Africa Africa 69.218.568.11993432021
Flag of Chad.svg  Chad Middle Africa Africa 10.037.52018
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile South America Americas 26.211.232.1200344.92021
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Eastern Asia Asia 21.610.221.8200437.12020
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia South America Americas 60.413.456.3200851.52021
Flag of the Comoros.svg  Comoros Eastern Africa Africa 11.245.32014
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  DR Congo Middle Africa Africa 8.842.12012
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Congo Middle Africa Africa 12.848.92011
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica Central America Americas 23.412.337.3200347.22022
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast Western Africa Africa 16.68.417.0200237.22018
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia Southern Europe Europe 7.35.37.2200329.52020
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus Western Asia Asia 5.331.72020
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic Eastern Europe Europe 5.23.75.2199626.22020
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Northern Europe Europe 8.14.012.0200027.52020
Flag of Djibouti.svg  Djibouti Eastern Africa Africa 8.841.62017
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic Caribbean Americas 25.310.518.8201238.52021
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador South America Americas 35.210.717.5200645.52022
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt Northern Africa Africa 8.04.68.0200031.92019
Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador Central America Americas 38.67.055.4200238.82022
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia Northern Europe Europe 10.85.411.0200330.72020
Flag of Eswatini.svg  Eswatini Southern Africa Africa 25.114.225.4200154.62016
Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia Eastern Africa Africa 6.67.16.5200035.02015
Flag of Europe.svg  European Union Europe 8.6201530.62012
Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg  Faroe Islands Northern Europe Europe 22.712018
Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji Melanesia Oceania 6.030.72019
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland Northern Europe Europe 5.63.95.7200027.12021
Flag of France.svg  France Western Europe Europe 9.15.28.3200430.72020
Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabon Middle Africa Africa 7.438.02017
Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia Western Africa Africa 20.25.920.6199828.82020
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia Western Asia Asia 15.47.115.2200334.22021
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany Western Europe Europe 6.95.16.9200031.72019
Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana Western Africa Africa 14.110.313.7199943.52016
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece Southern Europe Europe 10.27.110.4200033.62020
Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala Central America Americas 33.911.948.2200248.32014
Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea Western Africa Africa 10.55.521.6200629.62018
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau Western Africa Africa 19.012.684.8199134.82018
Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana South America Americas 26.0199945.11998
Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti Caribbean Americas 54.48.668.1200141.12012
Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras Central America Americas 59.417.135.2200348.22019
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong Eastern Asia Asia 17.853.92016
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary Eastern Europe Europe 5.54.95.6200229.72020
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland Northern Europe Europe 4.026.12017
Flag of India.svg  India Southern Asia Asia 8.65.58.6200434.22021
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia South-eastern Asia Asia 7.86.67.9200237.92022
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran Southern Asia Asia 17.27.716.9199840.92019
Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq Western Asia Asia 4.429.52012
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland Northern Europe Europe 9.45.09.4200029.22020
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel Western Asia Asia 13.48.511.8200538.62018
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Southern Europe Europe 11.67.011.7200035.22020
Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica Caribbean Americas 17.317.0200445.52004
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Eastern Asia Asia 4.55.44.5199332.92013
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan Western Asia Asia 11.35.211.3200333.72010
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan Central Asia Asia 8.53.88.0200427.82018
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya Eastern Africa Africa 13.67.718.6200038.72021
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea Eastern Asia Asia 7.85.35.9201131.42016
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo Eastern Europe Europe 29.02017
Flag of Kyrgyzstan (2023).svg  Kyrgyzstan Central Asia Asia 6.43.86.4200329.02020
Flag of Laos.svg  Laos South-eastern Asia Asia 8.35.98.4200238.82018
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia Northern Europe Europe 11.65.811.6200335.72020
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon Western Asia Asia 5.131.82011
Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho Southern Africa Africa 39.820.848.2200244.92017
Flag of Liberia.svg  Liberia Western Africa Africa 12.85.935.32016
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania Northern Europe Europe 10.47.210.32003362020
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg Western Europe Europe 5.76.8200033.42019
Flag of Macau.svg  Macau Eastern Asia Asia 36.02018
Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia Southern Europe Europe 12.57.312.3200333.52019
Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar Eastern Africa Africa 19.28.719.3200142.62012
Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi Eastern Africa Africa 10.98.111.0200438.52019
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia South-eastern Asia Asia 22.18.228.0200341.22018
Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives Southern Asia Asia 7.029.32019
Flag of Mali.svg  Mali Western Africa Africa 12.55.212.62001362018
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta Southern Europe Europe 4.531.42020
Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania Western Africa Africa 12.05.411.8200032.62014
Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius Eastern Africa Africa 5.936.82017
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico Central America Americas 21.68.824.6200445.42020
Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg  Micronesia Micronesia Oceania 8.440.12013
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova Eastern Europe Europe 8.23.68.3200325.72021
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia Eastern Asia Asia 8.25.18.2200232.72018
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro Southern Europe Europe 4.836.82018
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco Northern Africa Africa 11.77.011.9199939.52013
Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique Eastern Africa Africa 18.814.218.8200250.52019
Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar South-eastern Asia Asia 6.311.6199830.72017
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia Southern Africa Africa 106.622.8129.0200359.12015
Flag of Nepal.svg  Nepal Southern Asia Asia 15.85.015.6200432.82010
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands Western Europe Europe 9.24.29.2199926.02020
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand Australia, New Zealand Oceania 12.433.92019
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua Central America Americas 31.010.215.4200146.22014
Flag of Niger.svg  Niger Western Africa Africa 46.05.444.3199537.32018
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria Western Africa Africa 17.89.117.5200335.12018
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Northern Europe Europe 6.14.16.0200027.72019
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan Southern Asia Asia 6.54.86.6200229.62018
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama Central America Americas 49.915.961.4200350.92021
Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea Melanesia Oceania 23.89.323.8199641.92009
Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay South America Americas 38.811.765.9200345.12022
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru South America Americas 26.110.331.5200340.22021
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines South-eastern Asia Asia 15.57.215.5200340.72021
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland Eastern Europe Europe 8.84.68.7200228.82019
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal Southern Europe Europe 15.06.49.2199534.72020
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar Western Asia Asia 41.12007
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania Eastern Europe Europe 7.58.07.4200334.62020
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Eastern Europe Europe 12.76.612.82002362020
Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda Eastern Africa Africa 18.68.518.2200043.72016
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg  São Tomé and Príncipe Middle Africa Africa 4.740.72017
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Western Asia Asia 45.92013
Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal Western Africa Africa 12.37.712.4200138.32018
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia Southern Europe Europe 4.2352020
Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles Eastern Africa Africa 9.832.12018
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone Western Africa Africa 87.25.487.2198935.72018
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore South-eastern Asia Asia 17.717.3199845.92017
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia Eastern Europe Europe 6.74.16.7199623.22019
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia Southern Europe Europe 5.93.75.91998242020
Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia Eastern Africa Africa 36.82017
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa Southern Africa Africa 33.128.431.9200063.02014
Flag of South Sudan.svg  South Sudan Eastern Africa Africa 13.044.12016
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Southern Europe Europe 10.37.310.2200034.92020
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka Southern Asia Asia 11.16.836.1200337.72019
Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia Caribbean Americas 6.851.22016
Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan Northern Africa Africa 6.234.22014
Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname South America Americas 57.91999
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden Northern Europe Europe 6.24.66.2200028.92020
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Western Europe Europe 9.05.28.9200033.12018
Flag of Syria.svg  Syria Western Asia Asia 37.52003
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan Eastern Asia Asia 6.1200234.12017
Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan Central Asia Asia 7.85.67.8200334.02015
Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania Eastern Africa Africa 9.26.29.3200040.52018
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand South-eastern Asia Asia 12.66.012.4200235.92021
Flag of East Timor.svg  East Timor South-eastern Asia Asia 4.128.72014
Flag of Togo.svg  Togo Western Africa Africa 9.742.52018
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean Americas 12.940.31992
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia Northern Africa Africa 13.45.213.7200032.82015
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Western Asia Asia 6.68.517.1200341.92019
Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan Central Asia Asia 12.312.2199840.81998
Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda Eastern Africa Africa 16.68.216.4200242.72019
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine Eastern Europe Europe 5.93.57.6200625.62020
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates Western Asia Asia 26.02018
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Northern Europe Europe 13.85.413.6199932.62020
Flag of the United States.svg  United States Northern America Americas 18.59.414.0201439.82021
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay South America Americas 11.87.817.9200340.82021
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan Central Asia Asia 10.610.6200335.32003
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela South America Americas 18.815.850.3200344.82006
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam South-eastern Asia Asia 6.96.210.0200436.82020
Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen Western Asia Asia 8.66.18.6200336.72014
Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia Eastern Africa Africa 21.155.92015
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe Eastern Africa Africa 8.650.32019
 World38.02007

EU27 countries

Member state201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 27.427.627.027.627.227.227.926.827.527.026.727.8
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 26.326.525.925.926.226.326.125.725.125.424.124.9
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 35.033.635.435.437.037.740.239.640.840.039.738.4
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 31.230.930.930.230.429.829.929.729.228.329.228.5
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 29.231.032.434.833.632.130.829.131.129.329.4
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 25.224.924.625.125.025.124.524.024.024.224.924.8
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 26.626.526.827.727.427.727.627.827.527.327.027.7
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 31.932.532.935.634.832.731.630.630.530.530.631.9
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 25.825.925.425.625.225.425.325.926.226.525.726.6
Flag of France.svg  France 30.830.530.129.229.229.328.828.529.229.229.3
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 29.028.329.730.730.129.529.131.129.730.531.228.8
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 33.534.334.434.534.234.333.432.331.031.432.431.4
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 26.927.228.328.628.228.228.128.728.028.027.627.4
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 29.830.430.731.129.729.630.628.928.328.326.9
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 32.532.432.832.432.433.132.733.432.832.532.9
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 35.135.735.235.535.434.534.535.635.234.535.734.3
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 33.032.034.635.037.937.037.636.935.435.135.4
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 27.228.030.428.728.529.629.231.332.331.229.6
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 27.227.128.027.728.128.628.228.728.030.331.2
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 25.825.425.126.226.726.927.127.426.828.226.426.3
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 31.130.930.730.830.629.829.227.828.527.226.826.3
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 34.234.534.234.534.033.933.532.131.931.233.0
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 33.534.034.635.037.434.733.135.134.833.834.3
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 25.725.324.226.123.724.323.220.922.820.921.8
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 23.823.724.425.024.524.423.723.423.923.523.0
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 34.034.233.734.734.634.534.133.233.032.133.032.0
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 26.026.026.026.926.727.628.027.027.626.926.8
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia [n 1] 38.038.340.039.837.835.633.333.333.3
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro [n 2] [8] 38.536.536.536.536.734.734.132.9
Flag of Europe.svg  European Union 30.530.430.630.930.830.630.330.430.230.030.1
Eurozone (EA19)30.630.530.731.030.730.730.430.630.230.330.5

Note: Pink-coloured cells indicate a break in the time series. Blue-coloured cells indicate estimated values.

Source: Eurostat, “Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey” [9]

OECD countries

Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfers

CountryGiniYear
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 0.002020
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 0.002019
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 0.002019
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 0.002020
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 0.002017
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 0.002021
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 0.002019
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 0.002019
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 0.002019
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 0.002020
Flag of France.svg  France 0.002019
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 0.182019
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 0.692019
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 0.92019
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 0.92017
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 0.002018
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 0.92019
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 0.002018
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 0.12018
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 0.002020
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 0.002019
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 0.002019
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 0.002020
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 0.002020
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 0.002020
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 0.002020
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 0.002018
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 0.002019
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 0.002019
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 1.002019
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 0.002020
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 0.002019
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 0.002020
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 0.002019
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 0.02019
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 0.002020
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 0.002021

Source: [10]

Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfers

CountryGiniYear
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 0.3182020
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 0.2742019
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 0.2622019
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 0.2802020
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 0.4602017
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 0.4872021
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 0.2482019
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 0.2682019
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 0.3052019
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 0.2652020
Flag of France.svg  France 0.2922019
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 0.2962019
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 0.3082019
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 0.2862019
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 0.2502017
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 0.2922018
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 0.3422019
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 0.3302018
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 0.3342018
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 0.3552020
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 0.3572019
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 0.3052019
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 0.4202020
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 0.3042020
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 0.3202020
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 0.2632020
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 0.2812018
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 0.3102019
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 0.2222019
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 0.2462019
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 0.3312020
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 0.3202019
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 0.2762020
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 0.3162019
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 0.4152019
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 0.3552020
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 0.3752021

Source: [11]

See also

Notes

  1. Serbia is a negotiating candidate to the EU.
  2. Montenegro is a negotiating candidate to the EU.

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The economy of the European Union is the joint economy of the member states of the European Union (EU). It is the second largest economy in the world in nominal terms, after the United States and the third one in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms, after China and the United States. The European Union's GDP estimated to be around $19.35 trillion (nominal) in 2024 and $26.64 trillion(PPP) representing around one sixth of the global economy. Germany has the biggest national GDP of all EU countries, followed by France and Italy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Montenegro</span>

The economy of Montenegro is currently in a process of transition, as it navigates the impacts of the Yugoslav Wars, the decline of industry following the dissolution of the Yugoslavia, and economic sanctions imposed by the United Nations. Montenegro joined the World Trade Organization on 29 April 2012. Montenegro joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization on 5 June 2017. The accession of Montenegro to the European Union is planned for 2025.

In economics, personal income refers to the total earnings of an individual from various sources such as wages, investment ventures, and other sources of income. It encompasses all the products and money received by an individual.

Income in India discusses the financial state in India. With rising economic growth and prosperity, India's income is also rising rapidly. As an overview, India's per capita net national income or NNI was around 9.97 lakh rupees in 2022. The per-capita income is a crude indicator of the prosperity of a country. In contrast, the gross national income at constant prices stood at over 128 trillion rupees. The same year, GRI growth rate at constant prices was around 6.6 percent. While GNI and NNI are both indicators for a country's economic performance and welfare, the GNI is related to the GDP or the Gross Domestic Product plus the net receipts from abroad, including wages and salaries, property income, net taxes and subsidies receivable from abroad. On the other hand, the NNI of a country is equal to its GNI net of depreciation.

Income inequality in the Philippines is the extent to which income, most commonly measured by household or individual, is distributed in an uneven manner in the Philippines.

Brazil has been tackling problems of income inequality despite high rates of growth. Its GDP growth in 2010 was 7.5%. In recent decades, there has been a decline in inequality for the country as a whole. Brazil's GINI coefficient, a measure of income inequality, has slowly decreased from 0.596 in 2001 to 0.543 in 2009. However, the numbers still point to a rather significant problem of income disparity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Income inequality in India</span> Overview of Indias income inequality

Income inequality in India refers to the unequal distribution of wealth and income among its citizens. According to the CIA World Factbook, the Gini coefficient of India, which is a measure of income distribution inequality, was 35.2 in 2011, ranking 95th out of 157. Wealth distribution is also uneven, with one report estimating that 54% of the country's wealth is controlled by millionaires, the second highest after Russia, as of November 2016. The richest 1% of Indians own 58% of wealth, while the richest 10% of Indians own 80% of the wealth. This trend has consistently increased, meaning the rich are getting richer much faster than the poor, widening the income gap. Inequality worsened since the establishment of income tax in 1922, overtaking the British Raj's record of the share of the top 1% in national income, which was 20.7% in 1939–40.According to Oxfam India's report of 2023, "Survival of the Richest: India Story," just 5 per cent of Indians own more than 60 per cent of the country’s wealth, while the bottom 50 per cent of the population possess only 3 per cent of the wealth. It also says that between 2012 and 2021, 40% of wealth generated in India has gone to just 1% of the total population and 3% of the wealth has gone to bottom 50%. The number of hungry Indians increased to 350 million in 2022 from 190 million in 2018, while the number of billionaires has increased from 102 in 2020 to 166 in 2022. The covid pandemic reduced the income of the poor, but the wealthy did well. The combined wealth of India's 100 richest is now above $600 billion, which is equivalent to India's Union Budget for 18 months. According to Union Government 's own submission to Supreme Court of India, widespread hunger has caused 65% of deaths of children under the age of 5 in 2022.Saurabh Mukherjee, the founder and CIO of Marcellus Investment Managers, along with his colleague Nandita Rajhansa, has coined the term "Octopus Class" to depict 2 lakh families or around 1 million people in India who control 80% of India's wealth. This class has consolidated financial, social and political power and has continuously pushed its 'tentacles' in every profitable activity they are interested in, aided by liberalisation and consequent growth of globalised economy since 1991.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Poverty in Poland</span>

Poverty in Poland has been relatively stable in the past decades, affecting about 6.5% of the society. In the last decade there has been a lowering trend, as in general Polish society is becoming wealthier and the economy is enjoying one of the highest growth rates in Europe. There have been noticeable increases in poverty around the turns of the decades, offset by decreases in poverty in the years following those periods.

Sweden enjoys a relatively low income inequality and a high standard of living. Unemployment as of 2017 was estimated to be 6.6% by the CIA World Fact Book, lower than in other European Union countries. The Nordic model of a social welfare society exemplified by Sweden and its near neighbours has often been considered a European success story compared internationally with the socioeconomic structures of other developed industrial nations. This model of state provided social welfare includes many unemployment benefits for the poor, and amply funded health, housing and social security provision. within essentially corruption free nations subscribing to principles of a measure of openness of information about government activity. The Income inequality in Sweden ranks low in the Gini coefficient, being 25.2 as of 2015 which is one of the lowest in the world, and ranking similarly to the other Nordic countries; although inequality has recently been on the rise and several central European countries now have a lower Gini coefficient than Sweden.

Since the turn of the millennium, China has become the fastest growing economy in the world. This growth resulted in significant improvements in real living standards and reduction in poverty rates. The World Bank estimates that more than 60% of the population lived below the poverty line of $1 per day (PPP) at the start of the economic reforms. By 2004, poverty had fallen to 10 percent, suggesting that approximately 500 million people had been lifted out of poverty in one generation. At the same time, the pace of change has brought mixed results. China faces serious natural resource shortages and environmental problems. As people live in different areas, the differences between types grow.

References

  1. "Gini index (World Bank estimate)". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
  2. Underground economy and income inequality: two connected aspects in the oncoming context of Italian federalism Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine . By Iacopo Odoardi and Carmen Pagliari. Vol. 15 No. 1, 2011 Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine . Global & Local Economic Review.
  3. The Size of the Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: First Results over the Period 1999 to 2003. December 2004. By Friedrich Schneider (University of Linz and IZA Bonn). Institute for the Study of Labor.
  4. 1 2 Monino, Jean-Louis; Sedkaoui, Soraya (2016-03-11). Data Development Mechanisms. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 43–72. doi:10.1002/9781119285199.ch3. ISBN   978-1-119-28519-9 . Retrieved 2021-06-26.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  5. "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". World Bank. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  6. "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2022-08-24.
  7. "Human Development Reports". UNDP. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
  8. GINI Index for Montenegro (Report). 18 January 2018.
  9. "Statistics | Eurostat". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2023-09-06.
  10. "Income Distribution Database". OECD.org. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved December 23, 2022. Measure: Gini (market income, before taxes and transfers)
  11. "Income Distribution Database". OECD.org. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved December 23, 2022. Measure: Gini (disposable income, post taxes and transfers)

Further reading