Favela is an umbrella name for several types of working-class neighborhoods in Brazil. The term, which means slum or ghetto, was first used in the Slum of Providência in the center of Rio de Janeiro in the late 19th century, which was built by soldiers who had lived under the favela trees in Bahia and had nowhere to live following the Canudos War. Some of the last settlements were called bairros africanos. Over the years, many former enslaved Africans moved in. Even before the first favela came into being, poor citizens were pushed away from the city and forced to live in the far suburbs.
Jacarezinho is a favela in Rio de Janeiro, with more than 60,300 residents living in an area of 40 hectares. It is located in the North Zone of the city, and borders the neighborhoods of Jacaré, Méier, Engenho Novo and Triagem. It is the third-largest favela in Rio de Janeiro, behind Rocinha and Complexo do Alemão. The favela expanded as the city industrialized, and it became the biggest favela in Rio de Janeiro by the mid-20th century, with a population of 23,000 in 1960. The crucial element in its growth was the industrial boom in the nearby Méier district after World War II, according to the historian Julio Cesar Pino, author of a book about the favelas of Rio de Janeiro.
Carlos de Oliveira, better known as Carlinhos Pandeiro de Ouro, is a Brazilian percussionist best known for playing the pandeiro, a tunable tambourine, played with a different technique than in North American music, and is one of the instrument's major proponents.
Angenor de Oliveira, known as Cartola, was a Brazilian singer, composer and poet considered to be a major figure in the development of samba.
Clementina de Jesus was a Brazilian samba singer.
The Morro da Babilônia is a hill in the Leme neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro, separating Copacabana beach from Botafogo. It is home to a favela known by the same name, as well as the favela Chapéu Mangueira. Morro da Babilônia is an environmentally protected area.
Grêmio Recreativo Escola de Samba Estação Primeira de Mangueira, or simply Mangueira, is a samba school in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The school was founded on April 28, 1928, by Carlos Cachaça, Cartola, Zé Espinguela, among others. It is located at the Mangueira neighborhood, near the region of Maracanã.
The Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State (PMERJ) like other military polices in Brazil is a reserve and ancillary force of the Brazilian Army, and part of the System of Public Security and Brazilian Social Protection. Its members are called "state military" personnel.
Favela Santa Marta is a favela located in the Botafogo and Laranjeiras part of the Morro Dona Marta, that is also divided with the neighborhoods of Flamengo, Cosme Velho and Silvestre, in the South Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It has about 3,913 residents and 1,287 domiciles, with 500 wooden houses, 2,000 brick houses, 4 kindergartens, 3 bakeries, 2 sports fields, 1 block of a samba school, 3 military units and 1 small market. The favela is one of the steepest in the city, with an altitude of 352 metres (1,155 ft), approximately 45 degrees of inclination and occupies an area equivalent to 53,706 square metres (578,090 sq ft).
Antônio Moreira da Silva was a Brazilian singer and songwriter of Samba, also known by his nickname Kid Morengueira.
The Pacifying Police Unit, abbreviated UPP, is a law enforcement and social services program pioneered in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which aims to reclaim territories, most commonly favelas, controlled by gangs of drug dealers. The program was created and implemented by State Public Security Secretary José Mariano Beltrame, with the backing of Rio Governor Sérgio Cabral. The stated goal of Rio's government is to install 40 UPPs by 2014. By May 2013, 231 favelas had come under the UPP umbrella. The UPP program scored initial success expelling gangs, and won broad praise. But the expensive initiative expanded too far, too fast into dozens of favelas as state finances cratered, causing a devastating backslide that enabled gangs to recover some of their lost grip.
Aldeia Campista was a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, close to contemporary Vila Isabel, Tijuca, Maracanã and Andaraí.
Orfeu da Conceição is a stage play with music in three acts by Vinicius de Moraes and music by Antônio Carlos Jobim that premiered in 1956 in Rio de Janeiro. The play became the basis for the films Orfeu Negro and Orfeu (1999), and for the musicals Orfeu and Black Orpheus.
Neuma Gonçalves da Silva was a Brazilian samba dancer. She began dancing samba in a small group at age seven and was president of the Mangueira samba school for multiple terms, establishing the institution's children's and female's wings. Neuma housed several temporarily homeless people, and took some students to her home to learn to read and write through a literacy programme featuring local swear words invented by her. She was a member of the Superior Council of the Samba Schools throughout the 1960s and performed on four albums. A 2001 song about Neuma was written by the composer Arlindo Cruz and an overpass and school were named after her.
"O Morro Não Tem Vez", also known as "Favela", "O Morro", and "Somewhere in the Hills", is a bossa nova jazz standard composed by Antônio Carlos Jobim with lyrics written by Vinicius de Moraes. The English lyrics were written by Ray Gilbert.
Nelson Sargento OMC was a Brazilian composer, singer, Brazilian popular music researcher, visual artist, actor, and writer.
Euzébia Silva de Oliveira, better known as Dona Zica,, was a Brazilian samba dancer at the Mangueira Samba school in Rio de Janeiro, who went on to play an important role in the Mangueira favela.
Maria das Dores Alves Rodrigues, better known as Dodô da Portela, was a famous flag bearer for the Portela samba school, the most successful school in the annual Rio de Janeiro Carnival in Brazil.
Praça Onze is a historic site in the central region of Rio de Janeiro. It is located in the Centro district, on the border with the Cidade Nova district. The original Praça Onze de Junho, named after the date of the Battle of Riachuelo, existed until the 1940s. It bordered the streets of Santana, Marquês de Pombal, Senador Euzébio and Visconde de Itaúna.
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